互联网
上门服务
早产儿
居家
护理
预后
影响
Hainan Med J,Aug.2023,Vol.34,No.15海南医学2023年8月第34卷第15期蒋萍.基于信息-动机-行为模型的护理干预对子宫切除术后盆底肌功能恢复效果研究J.护理实践与研究,2019,16(23):111-113.13 Guo LP,Bai L,Guo LY.Effect of high-quality nursing on pelvic or-gan prolapse caused by maternal urinary incontinence J.ChineseRemedies&Clinics,2021,21(6):1028-1029.郭丽萍,白玲,郭丽云.优质护理对产妇尿失禁 盆腔器官脱垂发生的影响J.中国药物与临床,2021,21(6):1028-1029.14 Jin SY,Zhou JH.Clinical nursing care of patients with recurrent se-vere pelvic organ prolapse treated by modified vaginal complete clo-sure J.Zhejiang Medical Journal,2015,37(11):1000-1001.金圣毅,周坚红.改良阴道完全封闭术治疗复发性严重盆腔器官脱垂的临床护理J.浙江医学,2015,37(11):1000-1001.15 Li Y,Jia SM.Application and research progress of information-moti-vation-behavior skill model in the field of healthy behavior promo-tion J.Journal of Nurses Training,2018,33(22):2056-2059.李洋,贾守梅.信息-动机-行为技巧模式在健康行为促进领域的应用及研究进展J.护士进修杂志,2018,33(22):2056-2059.(收稿日期:2022-08-24)互联网+上门服务对早产儿居家护理及预后的影响边改维1,孙璐2,谈永芳31.西安大兴医院新生儿科,陕西西安710016;2.陕西省中医药大学第二附属医院新生儿特需病房,陕西西安712099;3.西安大兴医院产科,陕西西安710016【摘要】目的探讨互联网+上门服务对早产儿居家护理及预后的影响。方法选择2018年7月至2019年7月西安大兴医院新生儿科接诊的早产儿98例进行研究,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组各49例,对照组采用常规居家护理,观察组在对照组基础上进行互联网+上门服务,两组早产儿均持续干预2个月。比较两组早产儿干预前、干预2个月后的营养指标白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)、发育情况身长、头围、体质量、新生儿行为神经评分(NBNA)的变化及干预期间两组早产儿的并发症发生情况。结果干预后,观察组早产儿的血清ALB、PA、TRF、身长、头围、体质量、NBNA评分分别为(43.162.39)g/L、(295.4818.62)mg/L、(1.970.52)g/L、(54.172.08)cm、(38.521.16)cm、(4.670.39)kg、(38.360.49)分,明显高于对照组的(37.332.14)g/L、(281.6318.40)mg/L、(1.700.31)g/L、(51.691.94)cm、(35.001.08)cm、(4.200.32)kg、(35.231.02)分,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组早产儿干预期间的并发症总发生率为6.12%,明显低于对照组的20.41%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论互联网+上门服务能提高早产儿营养指标水平,从而促进早产儿的生长及大脑发育,值得推广应用。【关键词】早产儿;互联网;上门服务;营养;发育【中图分类号】R473.72【文献标识码】A【文章编号】10036350(2023)15226504Influence of internet plus door-to-door service on home care and prognosis of premature infants.BIAN Gai-wei1,SUN Lu2,TAN Yong-fang3.1.Department of Neonatology,Xian Daxing Hospital,Xian 710016,Shaanxi,CHINA;2.Special Care Neonatal Unit,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Xian712099,Shaanxi,CHINA;3.Department of Obstetrics,Xian Daxing Hospital,Xian 710016,Shaanxi,CHINA【Abstract】ObjectiveTo explore the influence of internet+door-to-door service on home care and prognosis ofpremature infants.MethodsNinety-eight premature infants admitted to Department of Neonatology,Xian Daxing Hos-pital from July 2018 to July 2019 were selected for the study.According to the random number table method,they weredivided into an observation group and a control group,with 49 cases in each group.The premature infants in the controlgroup received routine home care,and the premature infants in the observation group received internet plus door-to-doorservice on the basis of the control group,both for 2 months.The nutritional indicators albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),transferrin(TRF),developmental conditions length,head circumference,body weight,newborn infants,changes ofthe neonatal behavioral neural score(NBNA)before intervention and after two months of intervention,and the compli-cations in both groups during the intervention were compared between the two groups.ResultsAfter intervention,the serum ALB,PA,TRF,body length,head circumference,body weight,and NBNA scores in the observation groupwere(43.162.39)g/L,(295.4818.62)mg/L,(1.970.52)g/L,(54.172.08)cm,(38.521.16)cm,(4.670.39)kg,(38.360.49)points,which were significantly higher than(37.332.14)g/L,(281.6318.40)mg/L,(1.700.31)g/L,(51.691.94)cm,(35.001.08)cm,(4.200.32)kg,(35.231.02)points in the control group(P0.05).The total inci-dence of complications during the intervention period in the observation group was 6.12%,which was significantly low-护理 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2023.15.031第一作者:边改维(1986),女,主管护师,主要从事新生儿科护理工作。通讯作者:谈永芳(1985),女,主管管护师,主要从事产科、新生儿科护理工作,E-mail:。2265海南医学2023年8月第34卷第15期Hainan Med J,Aug.2023,Vol.34,No.15早产儿由于身体发育不完全,口腔的吸吮能力及吞咽功能差,容易发生呛咳;此外早产儿的胃分泌消化酶水平低下,对营养物质的消化、吸收能力较差,因此需要专业的护理干预措施1-2。早产皮下脂肪少、体表面积大、肌肉活动少,对病菌的抵抗力弱,传统的居家护理模式难以及时有效地解决护理中面临的难题3。互联网+服务通过“线上预约、线下服务”的方式让患者享受到安全便捷的居家护理服务,逐渐向完善化方向发展,从诊前到诊后,用户根据自己的需求在线上下单就可以预约上门服务,让更多有需求的人群在家就可以享受到专业、安全又贴心的护理服务4。本研究旨在探讨互联网+上门服务对早产儿居家护理及预后的影响。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选择2018年7月至2019年7月西安大兴医院新生儿科接诊的早产儿 98 例进行研究。纳入标准:(1)所有早产儿均符合 诸福棠实用儿科学5的临床诊断标准:出生胎龄在2832周,头部围度33 cm,出生体质量0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究经我院伦理委员批准后实施。表1两组早产儿的一般资料比较x-s,例(%)Table 1Comparison of general data of premature infants between the two groups x-s,n(%)组别观察组对照组2/t值P值例数4949男性25(51.02)23(46.94)女性24(48.98)26(53.06)0.1630.686顺产18(36.73)20(40.82)剖腹产31(63.27)29(59.18)胎龄(周)30.151.1230.171.100.0900.929出生体质量(g)1 285.47220.351 290.24218.690.1080.9150.1720.043生产方式(例)性别1.2方法1.2.1对照组该组早产儿给予常规居家护理。主要内容:(1)注意保温,因早产儿体温调节中枢不稳定,皮下脂肪少,容易出现低体温现象,室内温度设置在2426,空气湿度在50%60%;(2)喂养方面,以母乳或母乳库奶喂养为宜,每天89次,胎龄越小,每次量越少,喂奶间隔时间越短;(3)因早产儿免疫力低,其所接触的物品定期消毒;(4)每周喂养维生素A和维生素D,促进钙的吸收,预防佝偻病。1.2.2观察组该组早产儿在对照组基础上进行互联网+上门服务。(1)实行互联网签约:早产儿家属在我院儿科门诊部在医生的指导下关注我院微信公众号系统,并讲解公众号的操作流程,如挂号、病情询问、用药方案、支付费用等,医护人员可通过该系统的信息对每位早产儿的具体情况做详细的了解;(2)服务流程:线上服务,患者线上预约挂号,护士在预约时间内为患者提供线上问诊服务。上门服务,早产儿家属预约平台审核护士接单护士上门服务医疗垃圾处理服务评价;(3)线下上门服务,确定母乳喂养评估指导、早产儿身体护理(沐浴、抚触、体位)、早产儿喂养、黄疸和生长发育指标的检测等6项护理服务,由营养科、儿科的护士进行实施。两组早产儿的干预时间均为1个月。1.3观察指标与评价方法(1)营养指标:在干预前、干预2个月后两组早产儿分别抽取5 mL静脉血,采用离心机分离血清后放于冷冻箱静置待检,采用全自动生化检测仪对白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)的水平进行检测。(2)生长发育情况:两组早产儿在干预前、干预2个月后对身长、头围、体质量的数据进行统计。(3)新生儿行为神经评分(NBNA):干预前、干预后2个月评价,主要评定内容包括5个部分。检查患儿的行为能力6个项目;检查被动肌张力4个项目,受检的新生儿应处在清醒的状态下,以免出现错误的检查结果;检查主动肌张力4个项目;原始反射的检查,包括自动踏步、拥抱反射和吸吮反射共3个项目;一般反应的检查,包括觉醒度、哭声和活动度共3个项目;5个部分共20个项目,每项评分为02分,NBNA总分为40分,分值越高表示越好6。(4)并发症:记录护理干预期间两组早产儿所发生的并发症情况。1.4统计学方法应用SPSS25.0统计软件进行数据分析。计量资料以均数标准差(x-s)表示,组间比较采用t检验,计数资料比较采用2检验。以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。2结果2.1两组早产儿干预前后的营养指标比较两组早产儿干预后的血ALB、PA、TRF水平均较干预前明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),见表2。er than 20.41%in the control group(P0.05).ConclusionInternet plus door-to-door service can improve the level ofnutritional indicators of premature infants,thus promote the growth and brain development of premature infants,whichis worth popularizing and applying.【Key words】Premature infants;Internet;Door-to-door service;Nutrition;Growth2266Hainan Med J,Aug.2023,Vol.34,No.15海南医学2023年8月第34卷第15期表3两组早产儿干预前后的生长发育情况比较(x-s)Table 3Comparison of growth and development of premature infants between two groups before and after intervention(x-s)组别观察组对照组t 值P值例数4949干预前37.271.7337.221.820.1090.914干预后54.172.08a51.691.94a11.5230.001干预前26.301.5326.281.490.0680.946干预后38.521.16a35.001.08a5.9000.001干预前2.170.202.160.190.1310.896身长(cm)干预后4.670.39a4.200.32a27.2100.001头围(cm)体质量(kg)注:与本组干预前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with that in the same group before intervention,aP0.05.2.4两组早产儿的并发症比较观察组早产儿干预期间的总并发症发生率为6.12%,明显低于对照组的20.41%,差异有统计学意义(2=4.346,P=0.0370.05),见表5。3讨论按早产儿保健工作规范指南规定,早产儿为新生儿死亡的高发群体,在临床中遇到的问题主要集中为生活能力、呼吸、吸收功能、消化功能、身体温度的调节和抵抗力较差7-8。早产儿由于摄入的脂肪酸、蛋白质、微量元素、矿物质等受限,对营养物质的吸收产生影响,从而影响早产儿的生长发育,且早产儿胃肠蠕动较差、通透性较高,易出现喂养不耐受、呕血,有消化性溃疡,因此积极有效的护理工作显得尤为重要9-10。互联网+上门护理服务由医疗机构组织执业护士,依托互联网等信息技术,采取“线上申请、线下服务”的模式。早产儿家属只需通过手机软件,就可以根据需要预约护理服务,由平台自动派单,按护理类别查看附近护理人员,自选护理人员进行上门服务,可购买护理服务套餐,可维护患者的档案信息、医嘱,上传检查报告等图片影像,便于医护人员查看了解患者身体的详细情况,患者在护理服务完成后可对服务的过程及效果进行评价11。互联网+上门护理服务平台设有一键视频求助及视频直播功能,可对护理人员的服务质量起到实时监督的作用,护理人员服务时会通过佩戴设备进行录音录像、记录工作过程。平台为护理人员配备随身工作记录仪,可以保存整个护理工作过程,以约束上门护理行为,监督、规范护理操作12。本次研究结果显示,采用互联网+上门护理服务的早产儿干预后的血清ALB、PA、TRF、身长、头围、体质量、NBNA评分分别高于对照组,且干预期间的并发症的总发生率明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。经分析,互联网+上门护理服务系统让早产儿能享受到专业上门护理的医疗福利,智能提高网约护士的工作效率。优秀互联网+护理服务系统运用移动互联网、物联网、智能呼叫、GPS定位技术、人脸识别技术等先进信息化手段,根据试点方案提出的要表4两组早产儿干预前后的NBNA评分比较(x-s,分)Table 4Comparison of NBNA scores before and after interventionbetween the two groups of premature infants(x-s,points)组别观察组对照组t 值P值例数4949干预前25.132.6825.112.700.0530.958干预后38.360.49a35.231.02a8.8350.001注:与本组干预前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with that in the same group before intervention,aP0.05.表5两组早产儿的并发症比较(例)Table 5Comparison of complications between the two groups(n)组别观察组对照组例数4949呼吸系统感染13胃肠功能紊乱13消化不良14总发生率(%)6.1220.41表2两组早产儿干预前后的营养指标比较(x-s)Table 2Comparison of nutritional indexes of premature infants before and after intervention between the two groups(x-s)组别观察组对照组t 值P值例数4949干预前25.737.1423.217.061.7730.079干预后43.162.39a37.332.14a12.8110.001干预前247.7215.03246.3515.340.4510.653干预后295.4818.62a281.6318.40a3.7370.001干预前1.640.381.660.360.2700.788TRF(g/L)干预后1.970.52a1.700.31a3.1210.002ALB(g/L)TRF(g/L)注:与本组干预前比较,aP0.05。Note:Compared with that in the same group before intervention,aP0.05.2.2两组早产儿干预前后的生长发育情况比较两组早产儿干预后的身长、头围、体质量均较干预前明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),见表3。2.3两组早产儿干预前后的NBNA评分比较两组早产儿干预后的NBNA评分均较干预前明显升高,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),见表4。2267海南医学2023年8月第34卷第15期Hainan Med J,Aug.2023,Vol.34,No.15求,围绕服务对象、服务项目、服务行为、服务管理、风险防控等方面,为医疗机构提供智能化、规范化的管理工具13。互联网+的平台分为医生端(电脑端和手机移动端)、云端和患者端(手机移动端)两个部分。具体而言,早产儿父母可以通过患者端将家庭能获取的数据(包括早产儿上门护理的频次,到医院做的检查结果,穿戴设备家庭监测的体温、心率、经皮氧饱和度等参数等)上传,并相应获得一些科普的养育知识。随访医生则通过医生端将早产儿的随访结果上传至同一个云端数据库,这些数据可长期储存,为早产儿的健康管理提供支持14。互联网+上门护理服务是基于云计算、大数据、物联网和移动通信技术的支撑下,可以汇整、拆分、关联更多名医专家的诊疗经验和过往病历,从而为使用者提供更多的临床病例分析和治疗路径,为其进行临床决策提供可靠依据,从而实现临床路径的优化,能有效辅助传统护理的整体质量,弥补常规医疗护理体系的不足,提高及优化医疗资源的配套使用,为方便早产儿看病就医、提升医疗护理质量,从而改善早产儿的营养指标血清ALB、PA、TRF,促进早产儿的生长发育中身长、头围、体质量水平和大脑发育NBNA评分15。本研究未对早产儿胃肠道和免疫功能及家属的焦虑情绪进行纳入分析,因此有待后续扩大研究范围。综上所述,互联网+上门服务能提高早产儿营养指标水平,从而促进早产儿的生长及大脑发育,值得临床推广应用。参考文献1 El-Khuffash A,Jain A,Lewandowski AJ,et al.Preventing disease inthe 21st century:Early breast milk exposure and later cardiovascularhealth in premature infants J.Pediatr Res,2020,87(2):385-390.2 Thabet AM,Sayed ZA.Effectiveness of the premature infant oral mo-tor intervention on feeding performance,duration of hospital stay,and weight of preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care unit:Re-sults from a randomized controlled trial J.Dimens Crit Care Nurs,2021,40(4):257-265.3 Wu CH,Chen HX,Fang XP,et al.The influence of family integratedcare combined with individualized continuing nursing on the physi-cal growth of premature infants and their sense of competence in par-enting J.Chinese Journal of Birth Health&Heredity,2022,30(2):314-318.吴超华,陈红霞,方秀萍,等.家庭参与式护理联合个体化延续护理对早产儿体格生长及母婴育儿胜任感的影响研究J.中国优生与遗传杂志,2022,30(2):314-318.4Tian YT,Zhang Y,Hou XH,et al.Research on the construction andapplication of Internet Nursing Service Platform J.Chinese Journalof Nursing,2020,55(10):1537-1542.田雨同,张艳,侯小花,等.“互联网+护理服务”平台的构建及应用研究J.中华护理杂志,2020,55(10):1537-1542.5HU YM.Zhu Futang practical pediatrics(8thEdition)J.ChineseJournal of Clinicians,2015,43(7):63-65.胡亚美.诸福棠实用儿科学(第8版)J.中国临床医生杂志,2015,43(7):63-65.6Han JL,Wang JG,Cao JG.Review on the early neurological assess-ment of high-risk infants J.Chinese Journal of Child Health Care,2021,29(9):981-985.韩佳乐,王景刚,曹建国.高危儿早期神经学评估方法J.中国儿童保健杂志,2021,29(9):981-985.7 Boss RD.Building relationships in the neonatal intensive care unit toimprove infant outcomes J.Patient Educ Couns,2021,104(7):1503-1504.8 Long F,Zou JJ,Zhong D,et al.Early neurological development anal-ysis in late preterm infants and its influencing factors J.Journal ofHainan Medical University,2019,30(12):1551-1553.龙芳,邹静静,钟迪,等.晚期早产儿早期神经系统发育情况及其影响因素J.海南医学,2019,30(12):1551-1553.9Tiryaki O,Cinar N.Scale development study:Readiness for dis-charge from the neonatal intensive care unit and home care of prema-ture infants by parents J.J Coll Physicians Surg Pak,2021,31(2):171-176.10 Yao J,Mo L,Guo XL,et al.Application of Internet plus multiple link-age on home-based continuous nursing care for PICC in childrenwith malignant tumor J.Chinese Journal of Nursing,2020,55(5):756-761.姚娟,莫霖,郭小利,等.互联网+多元联动模式在恶性肿瘤患儿PICC 居家延续性护理中的应用J.中华护理杂志,2020,55(5):756-761.11 Han S,Cheng HW,Xu XL,et al.Application of Internet+nursingmanagement strategy in patients with novel coronavirus pneumoniaJ.Chinese Journal of Nursing,2020,55(z1):286-287.韩舒,程华伟,徐晓丽,等.互联网+护理管理策略在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者中的应用J.中华护理杂志,2020,55(z1):286-287.12 Wu XL,Zhang YZ,Dai YD.Internet plus hospital-community-familycollaborative and continuous management for primiparas having apreterm birth J.Journal of Nursing Science,2021,36(4):86-90.吴晓蕾,张月珍,戴亚端.早产初产妇互联网+医院社区家庭联动延续管理研究J.护理学杂志,2021,36(4):86-90.13 Zhang YY,Zhang H,Shen M,et al.Effect of continuity nursingbased on APP for“Intelligent Cloud Follow-up”on neural behaviorand growth and development of premature infants J.Modern Clini-cal Nursing,2020,19(11):31-37.张媛媛,张竑,沈敏,等.基于智能“云随访”APP的延续护理对早产儿神经行为和生长发育的影响J.现代临床护理,2020,19(11):31-37.14 Yu M,Fang JL,Zhu LL,et al.Effect of continuous nursing based onWeChat platform on maternal ability and anxiety and depression ofpremature infants discharged from NICU J.China Digital Medi-cine,2019,14(6):17-19.于淼,房京丽,朱兰兰,等.基于微信平台的延续性护理对NICU出院早产儿母亲育儿能力及焦虑抑郁情绪的影响J.中国数字医学,2019,14(6):17-19.15 Yang XX,Zhao L,Lu RC,et al.Effects of“Internet+”hospital-fami-ly standardized feeding management model in premature infants J.Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing,2022,28(7):943-948.杨秀秀,赵磊,卢瑞存,等.“互联网+”医院-家庭联动规范化喂养管理模式在早产儿中的应用J.中华现代护理杂志,2022,28(7):943-948.(收稿日期:2022-08-21)2268