UNWTO-关于包容性旅游目的地的全球报告：模式和成功案例（英文版）-2019.8-114页.pdf

Global Report on Inclusive Tourism DestinationsModel and success stories2Table ofContentsTable of Contents Forewords Preface Executive Summary Chapter 1:How UNWTO works in inclusive tourism(work done to date)Chapter 2:The scenario:Tourism as a tool for inclusion 2.1 A more unequal,better-connected world 2.1.1 Increasing population,economic growth and inequality 2.1.2 Poverty,gender and age:the many faces of exclusion 2.1.3 The speed of development is also the speed of technology 2.2 Tourism and inclusion 2.2.1 A large global industry 2.2.2 A connected,diverse and competitive market 2.2.3 Tourism as a strategic sector for more inclusive development Chapter 3:Inclusive tourism destinations:a new approach to tourism development 3.1?3.2 Context to promote the construction of inclusive tourism destinations 3.3 Main aspects of tourism destinations that determine the path towards inclusion 3.4 Complementarity with other approaches to inclusion Chapter 4:The Model for inclusive tourism destinations 4.1 Preliminary analysis 4.2 Three agendas 2 6 8 9 12 16 16 17 17 18 20 20 21 22 26 26 27 28 29 30 30 31 34.3 Instruments 4.3.1 Instruments for inclusion 4.3.2 Instruments for competitive innovation in destinations 4.3.3 Instruments for governance 4.4 Sequence of actions 4.5 Measurement system 4.5.1 Attributes of the measurement system 4.5.2 From the model to visual data 4.5.3 Multi-layered approach to measurement 4.5.4 From data to intelligence 4.6 Plan for implementation at national or regional level 4.6.1 Plan for adoption at national or regional level 4.6.2?inclusive tourism destinations 5.1 The global agenda for development 5.2 How the model contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)Chapter 6:Success stories 6.1 Tarhiata programme 2021,State of Michoacn,Mexico 6.1.1 Project description 6.1.2 Main challenges and solutions adopted 6.1.3 Actions taken 6.1.4 Results obtained 6.1.5 Possibility of replicating the experience 6.2 Bridging the Gap,Township Inclusive Tourism in Gauteng,South Africa 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 35 35 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 46 46 46 48 49 51 52 53?6.2.1 Project description 6.2.2 Main challenges and how they were addressed 6.2.3 Action taken 6.2.4 Main results 6.3 Mekong Tourism Forum 2017 in Luang Prabang,LAO PDR an inclusive and experiential concept for small towns 6.4 VisitScotland:The ScotSpirit Breaks 6.5 CENFOTUR:Education as a tool of social inclusion in tourism 6.6 Chemonics:Innovating the future of work for youth in Jordan 6.7 Korea Tourism Organization:Tour Dure a Local Tourism Revitalization Project Led by Residents 6.8 World initiatives in line with inclusive tourism destinations 6.8.1 Tourism Indigenous Employment Champions Network,Queensland,Australia 6.8.2 Indy Guide,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan,Mongolia,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan 6.8.3 The Indonesian Agro Tourism Association(AWAI),Nglanggeran village,Yogyakarta,Indonesia,Asia 6.8.4 Dourotur,Douro,Portugal.Europa 6.8.5 Kara-Tinga and Karamoja Tourism Development,Uganda,Africa 6.8.6 Egbok Mission,Cambodia 6.8.7 Hashoo Foundation,Pakistan 6.8.8 Napo Wildlife Center,Ecuador 6.8.9 People to People Tourism,Kenya 6.8.10 Promotion of culture and tourism for local development in Ruta Lenca,Honduras Chapter 7:Inclusive tourism destinations,towards 2030 Chapter 8:Next steps 53 55 56 57 57 61 65 67 70 72 72 73 74 74 75 76 76 77 78 79 80 84 Annex I:Tables Annex II:Instruments 1 Instruments for inclusion 2 Instruments for competitive innovation 3 Tools for governance Glossary Abbreviations and acronyms 88 98 98 100 101 102 105?Global Report on Inclusive Tourism Destinations6?Tourism is by its very nature an activity that promotes inclusion.More than 1.3 international arrivals were registered in 2017,meeting other people from other cultures and leaving almost nowhere in the world untouched by the sector.Tourism helps to provide 1 in 10 people in the world with direct or indirect work,and as it grows each year is a living record of the positive,unifying power of our ever more connected,informed and outward-looking world.If well planned and managed,inclusive tourism has the capacity to help to bridge the gaps that exist in our global,connected society and ultimately contribute to minimizing?fast-growing economies.And in many regions,youth and female labour participation in the tourism sector is above parity when compared with other economic sectors.Tourism and associated sectors,with their entry-level job opportunities in a wide range of economic areas,can be crucial for these and other disadvantaged groups of society to enter the labour market and become empowered and more?the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations,on gender equality,reduced inequalities,inclusive and sustainable economic growth,and decent work for all.Not only do travellers themselves come from a wider spectrum of socioeconomic backgrounds than ever before,but the tourism sector has expanded to reach into many communities in fast-growing and established economies alike.So by creating inclusive tourism destinations,projects and activities in line with responsible tourism principles,we can enable all people to feel included in society and we can bring the widest possible range?more inclusive tourism will better unlock tourisms power to unite people across diverse cultures in a spirit of tolerance,respect and discovery.To this end I would like to express my gratitude to globaldit,our?highlights the need to foster discussion on and examine new approaches to inclusive tourism in order to drive long-term sustainability in the sector.This must be the primary aim as we work to carry out the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030,which has at its heart the United Nations core values of equality,human rights and human dignity.For this we need holistic and coordinated action by international bodies,individuals,companies and institutions?have contributed to this report:the Gauteng Tourism Authority,CENFOTUR,Korea Tourism Organization,VisitScotland,Chemonics and Airbnb,as well as the other contributors:the State of Michoacn,the Ashoka Foundation,the Global Sustainable Tourism Council,the Mekong Tourism Coordinating?SDG Fund and Ekin Consulting.Building on this initiative,I call for further and deeper collaboration and development of partnerships focused on inclusive tourism?tourism stakeholders.As globalization,interconnectivity and a growing consumer class lead to ever more people travelling,the world will continue seeming to get smaller and inclusion will become even more of a priority.I trust that this publication will serve as an important tool for the tourism community to create and promote inclusion in destinations,and a valuable reference for all tourism stakeholders in developing best practices for a more inclusive sector.ForewordsGlobal Report on Inclusive Tourism Destinations7?The United Nations 2030 Agenda is the current strategic?countries,regardless of their level of development,agreed on a collection of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to make this world a better place.This Global Report,prepared by the UNWTO in collaboration?dit,is inspired by the SDGs and presents a roadmap for tourism destinations to tackle their evolution towards socially inclusive growth models.Our intention is to present a practical toolkit to be completed,re-oriented and enriched by destinations to better serve their needs and characteristics.Any destination can be inclusive.Inclusion happens when?board,especially to underprivileged groups,to participate?stakeholders involved in the tourism ecosystem to shift their mindsets.The public administration must lead the process and incorporate new management models based?creators of wealth and employment,must incorporate social goals to their business objectives and go beyond the“compensatory”approach to Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR)programmes.Citizens must embrace inclusiveness as a social value.And,evidently,underprivileged groups must gain new knowledge of the tourism activity as a source of opportunities both for their integration in the productive model and for enjoyment of leisure time.Real change happens when there is a measurable impact over a critical mass of people,companies,destinations and countries.Inclusive tourism cannot be an isolated stance,but a collective commitment to be gradually incorporated into a global strategy encompassing mature and emerging destinations.More public policies are needed to structure?interests,goals,programs and resources found at all levels of government,and to build consensus among political,economic and social stakeholders.Finally,Id like to highlight our wholehearted conviction that tourism can be,and should be,a key policy instrument for?inequality,in line with the SDGs.It is thus imperative that?sustainable and socially responsible development paradigm.In this sense,the model proposed in this Global Report contributes directly to SDG 8 Decent work and economic growth and SDG 10 Reduction of inequalities;but also SDG 5 Gender equality and SDG 17 Global partnership for sustainable development.We developed this practical approach from the corporate goal of contributing our share to making this world a better place for all.Global Report on Inclusive Tourism Destinations8This Global Report:Inclusive Tourism Destinations has been drawn up by the team of the globaldit?with the World Tourism Organization.It sets out a Model for inclusive tourism destinations from a supply point of view,in which inclusion refers to the capacity of the tourism system to integrate disadvantaged groups so that they can?tools that have proved to be appropriate in various places and contexts for improving access to tourism activities for the most disadvantaged groups in society,converting them into suppliers of tourism services or suppliers to the sector.The Model comprises an open,coordinated set of good public policy practices but does not aim to be a thorough,closed model to promote inclusion.It is an initial working approach to which other plans of action can,and should,be added,taking into account the characteristics of each destination and the goals considered.?main challenges faced by destinations in todays competitive context,and for doing so in a socially sustainable,inclusive way.The Model for inclusive tourism destinations is based on:An analysis of the current situation of the global tourism market and of trends that will determine how it evolves over the next few years;Standard methodologies that are widely accepted in the areas in which they are applied;?accepted for addressing aspects of inclusion or action on the tourism value chain;The experience acquired by globaldit and the World Tourism Organization in the design and development of sectoral programmes;The knowledge of 10 experts who have greatly enhanced this Global Report,by contributing?specialist areas,such as technology,gender equality,inclusion and public administration,among others;?Each of them has helped us to understand the problems faced in destinations every day and the creative ways in which they are being resolved;It is clear that the model is perfectly consistent with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)2030 and with the objectives of the International Year of Sustainable Development for Tourism promoted by UNWTO.PrefaceGlobal Report on Inclusive Tourism Destinations9Executive Summary?Over the last 30 years,the number of people living in extreme poverty has decreased by 50%and,today,the number is less than 800 million.However,inequality continues to increase throughout the world.The economies of developing countries,where 83%of the worlds population lives,are growing fast.However,this growth comes with increasing inequality which undermines prospects for progress for millions of people.Thus,?and inequality unless it is both sustainable and inclusive.None of this can be analysed without also considering the technological revolution that is taking place-the greatest paradigm shift seen by mankind in such a short amount of time.Technology is bringing about profound changes in economic,social and political structures.Information and communication technology(ICT)is expanding our capacity for planning far-reaching actions,operating in complex?public organizations and generating competitive capacity.?technology and are prepared to take on new opportunities.Technology is,therefore,a factor for both development and exclusion.The increase of inequality and todays technological revolution therefore depict a medium-term scenario marked by an urgent need to act in order to eradicate the most extreme forms of poverty and the availability of tools allowing us to step up production capacity and management?Tourism is a large global industry that accounts for approximately 10%of global gross domestic product(GDP)and total employment.With its excellent prospects for growth in the medium term,tourism is a strategic sector for countries all over the world.This is especially true for developing countries,in which large proportions of the population are emerging from poverty and entering the middle classes,and in?especially in the most vulnerable areas.Tourism is a sound and resilient industry that helps bring stability to countries balance of payments.It also creates economic opportunities in areas that other industries do not reach,strengthening and diversifying the business fabric.The tourism sectors capacity to generate economic growth is clear.It is a growing sector in emerging economies and can have a huge impact on local economies as an economic driver and generator of employment.However,the extent of its impact largely depends on the value chain,what it comprises and where it comes from.Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises(SMEs)are strategic in economic development processes.In developing countries,?Global Report on Inclusive Tourism Destinations10SMEs are important economic drivers.One of every four new jobs created in the next few years will be related to tourism.Tourism is also one of the greatest creators of inclusive employment because it employs many people in skilled and low-skilled jobs.Furthermore,the very nature of tourism makes it a diverse industry-one that can be developed on both a small and a large scale.However,in order for tourism development to be inclusive,a new approach is needed in operating methods and in the relations between destinations.Continuous inclusion will arise,not out of isolated actions,but by setting up a new methodology that takes the social component into consideration when promoting tourism growth.This means that new dynamics are needed in destinations to guarantee access for all,especially for disadvantaged groups,to the?For the purpose of this Global Report,an inclusive tourism?sustainability,in which inclusion refers to the tourism system in the destination and the vocation for inclusion of the receiving society.Therefore,an inclusive tourism destination?on its own particular attributes,transforms