UNWTO-欧盟旅游业趋势（英文版）-2019.8-126页.pdf

European Union Tourism TrendsThis project is co-funded by the European Union$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism TrendsCo-funded by the COSME programme of the European UnionPublication prepared in the framework of the cooperation between UNWTO and the Directorate-General for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEs(DG GROW)of the European Commission(Grant Agreement SI2.729496)with the funding from the European Unions COSME Programme(2014-2020).$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 5Forewords Zurab Pololikashvili,Secretary-General,World Tourism Organization(UNWTO)6 Elbieta Biekowska,European Commissioner for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEs 7Acknowledgements 8Key results 9Chapter 1 Socio-economic environment 11 2 European Union as a destination in the world 15 3 Destinations in the European Union 23 4 Source markets worldwide and in the European Union 29 5 Tourism by EU residents 33 6 Accommodation establishments in the European Union 39 7 International visitors to EU destinations by source markets 45 8 Major extra-EU and interregional source markets for the European Union 49 9 Economic impact of tourism 55 10 EU tourism trends long-term outlook 63Statistical annex 67See full list of tables on pages 67-69 Table of contents$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 6The European Commission and the World Tourism Organization(UNWTO)have a long standing history of cooperation in the field of tourism.This relationship was enhanced with the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding between both organizations in May 2012 and with the April 2016 agreement between UNWTO and the Directorate-General for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEs(DG GROW)of the European Commission for the development of the Enhancing the Understanding of European Tourism project.One of the strategic areas covered by this project is the assessment of tourism market trends.The European Union Tourism Trends report developed under this area places European Union tourism in the context of global tourism trends.The results presented in the report reflect the continued growth of international tourism in recent years.International tourist arrivals(overnight visitors)reached 1,239 million worldwide in 2016,generating euro 1,107 billion in receipts in destinations.Tourism today accounts for 10%of global Gross Domestic Product(GDP),7%of world exports and one in ten jobs worldwide.With a rich cultural heritage and diversity,and comprising some of the largest destinations and main source markets in the world,Europe continues to stand as the most-visited region,welcoming half of the worlds international tourist arrivals.Within Europe,the 28 countries of the European Union account for the bulk of the regions international arrivals,some 81%of Europes total and 40%of the worlds figure.Sustained growth in tourism has been instrumental in supporting the economic recovery of many European countries,largely contributing to job creation,GDP and the balance of payments.Today,tourism is one of the key pillars of the EU strategy for jobs and inclusive growth.We trust this report provides a useful and comprehensive overview of tourism in the European Union and that it enhances the knowledge base of the EU Virtual Tourism Observatory,helping to shape evidence-based policies for the development of future initiatives in tourism in the European Union to the benefit of all its people.Zurab PololikashviliSecretary-General,World Tourism Organization(UNWTO)Foreword$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 7Tourism is important for many countries and regions.As well as creating jobs,tourism helps develop bonds between societies.In the European Union,tourism contributes 10%to EU GDP and creates jobs for 26 million people through its direct,indirect and induced effects in the economy in particular for young people,women and people from a migrant background.Europe is maintaining its leadership in the global tourism market.Recent events have not prevented tourism from maintaining its position and becoming one of the fastest-growing sectors in the European economy,thereby demonstrating its remarkable resilience and flexibility.2017 has been an extraordinary year for tourism in the EU,with an 8%growth compared to 2016,exceeding the worldwide average.Member States together reported 538 million international tourist arrivals last year,accounting for 40%of the worlds total.This is the eighth consecutive year of sustained growth for tourism in the EU.Tourism is a diverse sector with multiple needs;it requires targeted support at all levels to remain competitive in the face of increased competition from destinations outside the EU.Boosting investment,supporting SMEs,exploiting the opportunities of the digital economy and collaborative economy,and equipping tourism professionals with the right skills are only some of the areas that we focus on within the EU.Understanding the potential of European tourism along with its challenges and trends is indispensable in shaping appropriate and forward-looking policies in a continuously changing environment.But effective policies can only rely on sound evidence.And that is why this report is so timely.It provides a broad range of information on the current state of affairs and a look into the future by placing the EU within the global context.It will help those promoting tourism destinations or developing market strategies to find the insight they need.This information will help enhance knowledge about the European and global tourism markets and will be a useful tool for policy makers.Elbieta BiekowskaEuropean Commissioner for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEsForewordPhoto:Velnezers,Latvia,author:Valdis Skudre,courtesy of Latvia Travel.$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 8The European Union Tourism Trends publication is part of Enhancing the Understanding of European Tourism,a joint project by UNWTO and the Directorate-General for Internal Market,Industry,Entrepreneurship and SMEs of the European Commission(DG GROW).The project aims to improve the socio-economic knowl-edge of the tourism sector,enhance the understanding of European tourism and contribute towards economic growth,job creation,thus improving the competitiveness of the sector in Europe.The project covers four strategic areas:1)increased cooperation and capacity building in tourism statistics;2)assessment of tourism market trends;3)promotion of cultural tourism through the Western Silk Road;and 4)promoting sustainable,responsible,accessible and ethical tourism and aims at improving the socio-economic knowledge of tourism,enhancing the understanding of European tourism and contributing to economic growth,job creation and the competitiveness of the sector in Europe.This publication is a research project of the Statistics,Trends and Policy Programme of the World Tourism Organization(UNWTO).The work was carried out under the supervision of programme Director John Kester.Camino Rojo coordinated the research,drafting and editing work.Fernando Alonso,Hee-Jin Cho,Michel Julian and Javier Ruescas contributed at different stages with drafting and revision and Benedick Gibson with proofreading work.UNWTO wishes to acknowledge the support of Unit F4-Tourism,Emerging and Creative Industries of DG GROW and expresses its appreciation to the following peer reviewers who have contributed with their expertise:Srgio Guerreiro from Turismo de Portugal,Jennifer Iduh from the European Travel Commission(ETC),Angelika Liedler and Julia Mauk from Austrias Federal Ministry of Science,Research and Economy,Peter Nash from Tourism Ireland and Markta Vogelov from CzechTourism.Acknowledgements$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 9Key results12345678109The European Union in the World3%Surface area7%Population10%Economy40%International touristarrivals31%International tourism receiptsThe European Union(EU)is an economic and political union comprising 28 member countries with a combined population of 509 million people as of 2016.The economy of the EU is the second largest in the world with a Gross Domestic Product of euro 15 trillion and a GDP per capita of euro 29,200.Within the EU,Southern and Mediterranean Europe is the most visited group of countries with 193 million arrivals in 2016,followed by Western Europe(171 million),Northern Europe(66 million)and Central and Eastern Europe(70 million).Five out of the top ten destinations in the world are located in the European Union:France,Spain,Italy,Germany and the United Kingdom.Six out of ten EU residents made one or more trips in 2015.In total they made 1.2 billion trips and spent 6.0 billion nights,with 58%of trips to,and 75%of nights in,destinations in their own country.EU destinations received 139 million arrivals from outside the Union,of which 56 million from European source markets outside the EU.They received 83 million arrivals from outside Europe,of which 39 million from the Americas,33 million from Asia and the Pacific,6 million from Africa and 5 million from the Middle East.Tourism generates 10%of GDP and represents 9%of total employment in the European Union.International tourism accounts for 6%of EU overall exports and 22%of services exports.Tourism ranks fourth as an export category,after chemicals,automotive products and food.The EU welcomed 500 million international tourist arrivals(overnight visitors)in 2016,accounting for 40%of the worlds total.International tourism receipts reached euro 342 billion,representing 31%of worldwide tourism earnings.Europe is the worlds largest source region for outbound tourism,generating an estimated 618 million arrivals,half of the worlds total,in destinations worldwide in 2016.Four out of the top ten source markets in the world are located in the European Union:Germany,the United Kingdom,France and Italy.EU destinations counted 608 thousand accommodation establishments in 2016 with a total capacity of 31 million bed-places,44%of which were in hotels.Around 1 billion guests spent 3.1 billion nights in EU accommodation establishments.Guests from Extra-EU source markets spent 137 million nights in EU accommodation establishments in 2016,and guests from interregional source markets,276 million.The United States is the top source market outside the EU with 74 million nights,followed by Switzerland(44 million nights),the Russian Federation(32 million nights)and China(25 million nights).UNWTOs long-term outlook Tourism Towards 2030 shows that there is still a substantial potential for further tourism growth in the EU in the coming decades.International arrivals to EU destinations are expected to increase by an average of 9 million a year through 2030(+1.9%a year),with faster growth from source markets outside the EU.Chapter$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 10$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284419470-Friday,August 02,2019 11:36:12 PM-IP Address:49.80.172.117 European Union Tourism Trends 11The European Union(EU)is an economic and political union comprising 28 member countries around the common goals and values of human dignity,freedom,democracy,equality,rule of law and human rights.The main economic engine of the EU is the single market,with rules that apply in all member states enabling the free movement of people,goods,services,and capital.1 This chapter analyses the main social and economic indicators of the European Union based upon data from Eurostat,the statistical office of the European Union,and the International Monetary Fund(IMF).The 28 European Union member statesThe European Union is a unique economic and political union with the majority of European countries as member states.Its predecessor was created in the aftermath of the Second World War with the prime objective to foster economic cooperation the idea being that countries that trade with one another become economically interdependent and so more likely to avoid conflict.The resulting European Economic Community(EEC)was formed in 1958 initially increasing economic cooperation between six countries:Belgium,Germany,France,Italy,Luxembourg and the Netherlands.Since then,22 other members have joined over the years and a large single market(also known as the internal market)has been created.From a purely economic union this has evolved into an organisation spanning common policy areas from climate,environment and health to external relations,security,justice and migration.The change of name to the European Union(EU)in 1993 reflected this evolution.The current 28 EU countries together cover much of the European continent.Categorised by UNWTO subregions,five member states are located in Northern Europe,six in Western Europe,nine in Central and Eastern Europe,and eight in Southern and Mediterranean Europe(table 1.1).In this report,the European Union or EU,refers to the 28 member countries,unless otherwise indicated.The remaining 26 countries located within the UNWTO region of Europe but outside the European Union are referred to as extra-EU.Free movement for more than 400 million EU citizens in the Schengen Area22 of the 28 European Union member states and four associated extra-EU countries comprise the Schengen Area(table 1.1),named after the Schengen Agreement signed in 1985.The Schengen provisions abolish checks at the areas internal borders while tightening controls at the external borders,in accordance with a single set of rules with regard to conditions of entry and the types of visa needed.The border-free Schengen Area guarantees free movement to more than 400 million EU citizens,as well as many non-EU nationals legally residing on EU territory.2 Visitors from outside the EU can also move freely after having entered one of the areas countries Socio-economic environment509 millionEU has a combined population of 509 million 15trillionCombined Gross Domestic Product of euro 15 trillion29,200 euroGDP per capita26The Schengen Area facilitates free movement among 26 European countries$protocol:/www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/