阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构_赵雯.pdf

2023,31(2):22258,pages 112doi:10.17520/biods.2022258收稿日期:2022-05-11;接受日期:2022-09-13基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31870008)和北京林业大学杰出青年人才培育项目(2019JQ03016)*通讯作者 Author for correspondence.E-mail:https:/www.biodiversity-阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构赵雯,王丹丹,热依拉木民,黄开钏,刘顺,崔宝凯*北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京 100083摘要:土壤微生物在森林生态系统能量流动和物质循环过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)是我国大兴安岭地区的优势树种,而阿尔山地区是其在我国分布的最南端,受气候变暖影响较为显著,因此探索兴安落叶松林下土壤微生物群落结构对了解和维护我国东北地区森林生态系统的稳定有重要意义。在本研究中,我们从阿尔山白狼镇、天池镇采集兴安落叶松林下土样,通过高通量测序技术,依据97%相似性原则,将细菌序列划分为5,163个可操作分类单位(operationaltaxonomic units,OTUs),真菌序列划分为2,439个OTUs,其中门水平优势细菌为放线菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、绿弯菌门和酸杆菌门,优势真菌为担子菌门和子囊菌门;属水平上,优势细菌为Candidatus_Udaeobacter,优势真菌属为丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)、Piloderma和棉革菌属(Tomentella)。天池镇的细菌多样性显著高于白狼镇,而真菌多样性在两地间无显著差异。土壤pH和阳离子交换量是驱动土壤细菌多样性的主要因子,而土壤全氮和有机碳是驱动真菌多样性的主要因子。土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和阳离子交换量是影响土壤细菌群落组成的重要理化因子,而土壤理化性质对真菌群落组成的影响不显著。绿弯菌门的相对多度与pH显著正相关;担子菌门与土壤全氮和有机碳显著负相关,而子囊菌门与土壤全氮、有机碳和阳离子交换量显著正相关。关键词:兴安落叶松;土壤微生物;高通量测序;群落结构;多样性赵雯,王丹丹,热依拉木民,黄开钏,刘顺,崔宝凯(2023)阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构.生物多样性,31,22258.doi:10.17520/biods.2022258.Zhao W,Wang DD,Reyila MM,Huang KC,Liu S,Cui BK(2023)Soil microbial community structure of Larix gmelinii forest in the Aershan area.Biodiversity Science,31,22258.doi:10.17520/biods.2022258.Soil microbial community structure of Larix gmelinii forest in theAershan areaWen Zhao,Dandan Wang,Mumin Reyila,Kaichuan Huang,Shun Liu,Baokai Cui*School of Ecology and Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083ABSTRACTAims:Soil microorganisms play an irreplaceable role in the energy flow and material cycle of forest ecosystems.Larixgmelinii is the dominant tree species in the Greater Khingan Mountains of China,and the Aershan area is thesouthernmost point of its distribution in China,which is significantly affected by climate warming.Exploring the soilmicrobial community structure under L.gmelinii forest is of great significance to understand and maintain the stabilityof forest ecosystem in Northeast China.Method:In this study,we collected soil samples from Bailang Town and Tianchi Town in the Aershan area and usedhigh-throughput sequencing technique to analyze the soil bacterial and fungal communities in two forest stands.Results:The results showed that(1)5,163 bacterial operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and 2,439 fungal OTUs wereobtained according to a 97%sequence similarity level.The diversity of bacteria was higher in the Tianchi area than inthe Bailang area,but no significant difference in fungal diversity between the two sites.(2)The dominant phyla ofbacteria were Actinobacteriota,Proteobacteria,Verrucomicrobiota,Chloroflexi,and Acidobacteriota,and the dominantphyla of fungi were Basidiomycota and Ascomycota.The dominant bacterial genus was Candidatus_Udaeobacter,andthe dominant genera of fungi were Inocybe,Sebacina,Piloderma and Tomentella.(3)The correlation analysis indicated研究报告赵雯等:阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林土壤微生物群落结构2023年|31卷|2期|22258|第2页that soil pH and cation exchange capacity were the main factors driving soil bacterial species diversity,and soil totalnitrogen and organic carbon were the main factors driving fungal species diversity.(4)Soil total nitrogen,organiccarbon,available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity were important factors affecting soil bacterial communitycomposition,while fungal community composition was not significantly affected by the physical and chemicalproperties of the soil.(5)The relative abundance of Chloroflexi was significantly correlated with pH;the relativeabundance of Basidiomycota was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen and organic carbon,while that ofAscomycota was significantly correlated with soil total nitrogen,organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that soil physicochemical properties have a significant impact on the soilmicrobial community structure in L.gmelinii forest within the Aershan area,and the diversity of bacterial and fungalcommunities also plays an integral role in maintaining the soil ecology and functional environment in this area.Keywords:Larix gmelinii;soil microorganism;high-throughput sequencing;community structure;diversity土壤微生物作为森林生态系统重要的分解者,能够分解进入土壤的动植物残体,将其转化为有机质(Fierer,2017),参与生物地球化学循环(Falkowskiet al,2008;Schimel,2013;Liang et al,2020;Adomako et al,2022),在生态系统能量流动和物质循环中起着不可或缺的作用(林先贵和胡君利,2008;朱平等,2015;Jiao et al,2018;George et al,2019)。同时,土壤微生物中的共生菌可以协助植物定殖(Eldridge et al,2021),促进植物获取养分(Luo et al,2018),与植物的生长发育联系密切,还可以协同植物抵抗干旱,增强植物适应性(Fitzpatrick et al,2019)。此外,植物通过根际分泌物和凋落物等形式来影响土壤微生物群落结构(Hannula et al,2021)。土壤微生物群落的多样性、组成和活性可以反映土壤情况(Harris,2009),且土壤微生物对土壤质量变化敏感,能够较快地指示生态环境和生态系统功能的变化(苟燕妮和南志标,2015)。大兴安岭地区位于我国全球变化敏感区域(李峰等,2006),拥有我国唯一的寒温带森林,分布着以兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)为优势树种的针叶林。兴安落叶松为松科、落叶松属(Larix)的落叶乔木,木材蓄积量丰富,是我国东北地区的重要用材树种之一(孙玉军等,2007)。兴安落叶松的根系可以与土壤真菌形成外生菌根(郭良栋,2012),目前发现的兴安落叶松外生菌根真菌有乳牛肝菌属(Suillus)、蜡伞属(Hygrophorus)、丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、乳菇属(Lactarius)等(刘宏伟等,2014)。大兴安岭典型永久冻土土壤的优势细菌门为放线菌门、疣微菌门、酸杆菌门等10个细菌门类(余炎炎等,2020);优势真菌门为子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门、壶菌门(杨立宾等,2017a)。杨寅等(2020)研究了不同主伐方式对内蒙古根河地区兴安落叶松根际土壤微生