HackerRank-2019程序员技能报告（英文）-2019.1-28页.pdf

2019Developer Skills RUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258IntroProgramming is like artboth the process of writing code and the code in itself.Converting an idea that only existed in your head into reality is an unparalleled feeling.Its a kind of mindfulness that keeps you in a state of flow when you love the work you do.And,when your product impacts millions of developers and helps them find the right place to workits both exciting and scary!At HackerRank we have had the opportunity to build a product thats used by a community of more than 5 million developers (more than 20%of the worlds developer population)and more than 1,200 customers to match every developer to the right job based on skill.The underlying infrastructure of the hiring process is going through a dramatic shift.Candidates are now being evaluated based on their skills and not their pedigree.This opens up a lot more opportunities for developers and smart companies worldwide are recognizing this and making the shift.We surveyed our community with questions ranging from which technology they find the most promising to what they look for in a job and during the interview process.More than 70,000 developers participated in the survey(thats right!)and enclosed is a treasure trove of insight on whats happening in the land of developers.Enjoy the report and as always feel free to tweet hackerrank or email us your comments.Lets build an even playing field!Vivek RavisankarCo-founder&CEOHackerRUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Calculators are the new gamesDevelopers first coding projects have evolved over the course of two generations.More specifically,if youre a developer over the age of 38,chances are your first project was a game.Meanwhile,younger generations were most likely to build a calculator as their very first project.Some developers had unique first projects.Here are a few of our favorites:I created a program that contained all the math and physics rules to help me solve my homework assignments.“Hacked”a flash game to give me infinite health and ammunition.I built a“What college should I go to?”randomizer.First coding project by age30%20%10%0CalculatorBasic functional websiteGameDesktop appManagement systemMobile appTo-do listHello,World21 and under22 to 3738 to 5354 to USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258JavaScript:2018s most popular languageWhen comparing the most popular languages that developers were learning year over year,we found that developers were learning JavaScript at the most rapid rate.In 2018,73%of developers said they knew JavaScript,up from 67%in 2017.This also makes JavaScript 2018s most well-known language,compared to Java in 2017.Student developers are the exception.Only 42%of student developers in 2018 said they knew JavaScript.This could be because JavaScript isnt taught in most university computer science programs,so more developers learn JavaScript once theyre out of school and creating applications for work.Languages known in 2017 vs.2018Known in 2017Known in 2018JavaScriptJavaCPythonC+PHP01020304050607080C#TypeScriptPascalRubyPerlGoSwiftScalaKotlinHaskellLuaClojureRustErlangOCamlRUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Developers are as eager as they were last year to learn Go,Kotlin,and Python in 2019.Interestingly,developers interest in Scala has dropped,whereas their interest in TypeScript has increased.Scala was the 3rd most popular language that developers planned to learn in 2018 but dropped to 6th place in 2019.TypeScript went from being the 5th most popular language to learn to#4.The lan-guages rising popularity is most likely because of the ubiquity of JavaScript and the fact that many major JavaScript frameworks use TypeScript.In fact,almost a quarter of developers know Typescript this year,up from 15%last year.JavaScriptJavaCPythonC+PHPC#TypeScriptPascalRubyRPerlGoSwiftScalaKotlinHaskellLuaClojureRustErlangOCamlJulia010%20%30%40%Languages developers want to learn in USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258React poised to overtake AngularJS in 2019AngularJS continues to be the most popular framework that developers know.However,more and more developers have begun to learn React.The percentage of developers who know React jumped from 20%in 2017 to 26%in 2018.Frameworks known in 2017 vs.2018Known in 2017Known in 201805101520253035AngularJSSpringReactExpressJSASPDjango.NETCoreRuby on RailsVue.JSStrutsJSFBackbone.JSCocoaMeteorEmberPyramidPUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258The number of developers who know React is likely to keep increasing.Its the#1 framework that developers want to learn in 2019.The transition from Angular 1 to Angular 2 did not allow for backwards compatibility,which could explain why develop-ers are moving towards a different framework.React is also considered to be simpler and more flexible than AngularJS,making it poised to overtake AngularJS.Frameworks developers want to learn in 201930%20%10%0Angular JSSpringReactExpressJSASPDjango.NETCoreRuby on RailsVue.jsStrutsJSFBackbone.jsSparkCocoaMeteorEmberPyramidPadrinoDespite developers taking a stronger interest in React,companies appetite for this front-end framework outpaced the number of developers who knew React in 2018.The JavaScript ecosystem is constantly evolving and often difficult to keep up with,but its obvious that learning React is a worthwhile investment for developers.Frameworks hiring managers want vs.frameworks developers know40%30%20%10%0ReactAngular JSSpringVue.js.NETCoreDjangoExpressJSRuby on RailsASPSparkBackbone.jsStrutsCocoaJSFEmberMeteorPyramidPadrinoHiring Managers who want _Developers who know _USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258IoT is the most realistic new techInternet of Things(53%),just above Deep Learning(50%),is predicted to be the most adopted new technology in the next two years.The increasing connectivity of homes,cars,and even cities is evidence of this technology having the best chance of real-world application by 2020.Application of Deep Learning is expanding from mobile speech recognition software to places like the healthcare sector and automotive industry,which could explain why developers consider it a realistic technology.As IoT and Deep Learning continue gaining momentum,its clear that picking up the skills needed to work on these technologies will be valuable for developers.On the other end of the spectrum,with a fluctuating cryptocurrency market but also the support of many of the biggest companies in the world,blockchain is an unpredictable technology.20%of developers said the real-world application of blockchain in the next two years is overhyped.The real world application of technologies by 2020100%80%60%40%20%0Internet of ThingsDeep learningCloud MLComputer VisionAugmented or virtual realityBlockchainQuantum computingOverhypedUnrealisticUnsureSomewhat realisticVery USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Developers who listen to music while working were most likely to turn to dance and electronic music to help them get into the flow of coding.Developers who are 21 years old or younger were more likely than any other age group to listen to hip-hop and rap while working.Dance and electronic music fuel coding sessionsBest music to listen to while coding051015202530354045Dance/Electronic/HouseClassicalRockPopMetalHip-hop/RapSoul/BluesFolkR&BReggae21 and under22 to 3738 to 5354 to USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Developers struggles are real.and we wanted to find out what frustrated them the most.Junior developers particularly despised badly written documentation while senior developers thought spaghetti code was the worst.The#1 pet peeve:Badly written documentationThe#1 pet peeve at workWhen asked about their biggest bug in production,deploying untested or broken code was the most common response.We also found that 10%of developers admitted to wiping out the entire database.One of the biggest bugs:Wiped out databaseThe biggest bug in productionDeployed untested or brokencodeWiped out databaseShut down production serverTurning on Firewall withoutallowing SSH accessForgot to turn the IIS back onafter deployment(Server down)Other020%40%60%Badly writtendocumentationSpaghetti codeEverything is a top priorityEstimates treated asdeadlinesGhost bugs“Works on my machine”Irrelevant messages fromrecruitersMeeting invitationsChat pings(Slack,Hipchat,etc.)01020304050607080Junior DeveloperSenior Developer or HUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-02582018 was the year of taking action from employee walkouts to company boycotts.In fact,58%of developers polled took action in response to concerns about their company.Examples of concerns included affiliations with privacy misuse and censorship.Close to 40%of developers approached their leadership about their concerns regarding their company.23%quit their job or began looking for another position in response to misgivings.58%of developers took action in response to concerns about employersActions taken in response to concerns about employersTalked to your leadership aboutyour concernsQuit your job or looked foranother jobWouldnt recommendworkplace to othersProtested in personal capacity,but kept my work life separateRefused a projectOpenly expressed concerns onsocial mediaOtherNone of the above010%20%30%40%USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Conventional wisdom dictates that younger generations are more likely to take action and older generations are more content with the status quo.Thats not what the data tells us.Across the board,the older the developers,the more likely they were to refuse to work on projects,protest,discourage others from joining companies,quit their jobs,look for new jobs or speak to management in response to concerns about their company.The only exception to this is when it comes to social media.Developers who are 21 years old or younger were the most likely to openly express concerns on social media.Actions taken in response to concerns about employers according to ageTalked to your leadership aboutyour concernsQuit your job or looked foranother jobWouldnt recommendworkplace to othersProtested in personal capacity,but kept my work life separateRefused a projectOpenly expressed concerns onsocial mediaOtherNone of the above020%40%60%21 and under22 to 3738 to 5354 to USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258Silicon Valley has largely been composed of immigrants,with 57%of its technical workforce born outside of the United States.But,our survey found that 4 in 10 developers were negatively impacted by immigration policies in 2018.Nearly 1 in 5 developers who applied for a US work visa were denied.In fact,many developers were discouraged from even applying.Almost 25%of developers stated that US immigration policies discouraged them or others they knew from applying to jobs in the country.4 in 10 developers have been negatively impacted by immigration policies in 2018Immigration policies impact access to tech talentImpact of US immigration policies on all developers surveyedDiscouraged me(orsomeone I know)fromapplying to jobs in the USUnable to get a work visaMade recruitment of techDecided not to attenduniversity in the USDelayed founding orexpanding company in USStarted a tech companyoutside of the USNot applicableNone of the above010%20%30%40%USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258The demand for developers in the United States is expected to grow much faster than average in the next 5 years.However,US employers are starting to have difficulty finding the developers they need.30%of US hiring managers said immigration policies made recruitment of tech talent difficult in 2018.Impact of US immigration policies on US hiring managers vs.global hiring managersMade recruitment of techtalent more difficultDiscouraged me(orsomeone I know)fromapplying to jobs in the USHired offshore tech talentDelayed founding orexpanding company in USUnable to get a work visaStarted a tech companyoutside of the USDecided not to attenduniversity in the USNone of the aboveNot applicable051015202530354045US Hiring ManagersGlobal Hiring MUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258A poor interview experience is a surefire way to lose top candidates in todays competitive tech talent market.Developers were most likely to be turned off by employers who dont provide enough clarity around roles or where theyll be placed.49%said lack of values alignment was a turn-off and 14%reported not enough diversity on the panel was a deal-breaker.The#1 way to lose developer candidates:Unclear rolesWhat turns developers off from employersNot enough clarity on role orwhere Ill be placedLack of(or slow)follow upNot aligned with my culture orvaluesBrainteasers or other irrelevantquestionsNot enough prep for what toexpect/processNegative press coverageNot enough diversity on thepanelOther020%40%60%80%USA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258The most important factors for developers,across all job levels and functions,was the opportunity for professional growth and work-life balance.Developers are voracious learners by nature and necessity,given techs rapidly changing pace.The importance of work-life balance for both senior and junior is aligned with studies which have found that employees who do significant amounts of overtime are at a large risk of burnout,leading to a decrease in productivity,high turnover,and even health concerns.Professional growth and work-life balance matters mostWhat developers look for in a jobProfessional growth&learningWork-life balanceCompetitive compensationInteresting problems tosolveFlexibility(schedule,remote)Company culturePreferred tech stackStrength of engineeringteamValues aligned with yoursPrestigious company brandWorkplace diversityHiring manager qualityVacation policiesOther01020304050607080Junior DeveloperSenior Developer or HUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258For developers working in North and South America,compensation was the third most important aspect of a role.Even though Asian-Pacific,European,Middle Eastern,and African developers ranked having interesting problems to solve at work higher than salaries,compensation was still one of their top 5 priorities.What developers look for in a job in different regionsProfessional growth&learningWork-life balanceCompetitive compensationInteresting problems tosolveFlexibility(schedule,remote)Company culturePreferred tech stackStrength of engineeringteamValues aligned with yoursPrestigious company brandWorkplace diversityHiring manager qualityVacation policiesOther01020304050607080APACEMEAAMERICASUSA:+1-415-900-4023India:+91-888-081-1222UK:+44-208-004-0258MethodologyMore ResearchHackerRank conducted a study of developers to identify trends in developer skills,work,and