555 Circuits 50个.pdf

For our other free eBooks,Go to:1-100 Transistor CircuitsGo to:101-200 Transistor CircuitsGo to:100 IC CircuitsTo learn about the development and history of the 555,go to these links:http:/ general discussion about the development of the transistor http:/ of the 555-Page1http:/ of the 555-Page2http:/ of the 555-Page3http:/ of the 555-Page4http:/ of the 555-Page5http:/ of the 555-Page6http:/ of the 555-Page7http:/ of the 555-Page8http:/ of the 555-Page9http:/ of the 555-Page10For a list of every electronic symbol,see:Circuit Symbols.For more articles and projects for the hobbyist:see TALKING ELECTRONICS WEBSITE See TALKING ELECTRONICS WEBSITE email Colin Mitchell:.auThis set of 555 projects has increased to the largest on the web,with many circuits designed by me as a requestfrom readers.The whole site has been copied by lots of other sites without any reference or acknowledgement tome.But you can see the circuits are mine by the way they have been drawn and none of the other sites keep updating with the latest additions.This is the only site that teaches you how to learn and remember how a 555 works and this is very important when you want to design a new circuit.CONTENTSYou will find many of these circuits talked-about and produced on bread-board(with videos)on:http:/www.555-timer- and:http:/www.555-timer- High TriggerActive Low TriggerAlarm Sounds(4 sounds)Alarm-1(Home Alarm-1)Alarm 4-ZoneAmplifier using 555Animated DisplayAudio Frequency MeterAutomatic Curtain CloserAutomatic Garden LED StripAstable MultivibratorBasic 555 OscillatorsBattery Charger (voltage doubler)Beep shortBi-Coloured LEDBike Turning Signal Bi-Polar LED DriverBi-Stable 555Building the CircuitsBurglar Alarm 4-ZoneCapacitor Charge Pump Car Lights Flasher-warning flasherCar TachometerCharge Controller-prevents overchargeCharge Pump Chaser-3 ChaseClark ZapperNormally Closed TriggerOne-Shot 555Organ Phase Control with XR-L555(low power)Pin 4 ResetPolice Lights 1,2,3Police SirenPowering A ProjectPulse ExtenderPulser-74c14Push-ON Push-OFF Push PullPush-Pull-high currentPWM Controller-FET buffer PWM-transistor buffer-and via pin 5see also Motor PWMQuad 555-LM558Quadrupler-4 times!Railroad Lights(flashing)Railway TimeRain AlarmRamp GeneratorReaction Timer GameReplacing 556 with two 555sReplacing TTL 555 with CMOS 555Reset PinResistor Colour CodesClicks Uneven Calculator 555 7555CMOS 555Constant CurrentContinuity TesterCrossing LightsCurtain CloserDark DetectorDC to DC Converter 3.7v to 5vDelay-also called a TimerDelay before turn-on Dice LED Dice Cct-2Dice to 7-Segment DisplayDisplay-AnimatedDivide by 2Dog-Bark StopperDoorbell for front door and back doorDriving A Bi-Coloured LEDDriving A RelayDriving White LEDsDuty Cycle 1:1 (50%)Fade-IN Fade-OUT LEDsFading LEDFastest 555 OscillatorFlasherFlashing IndicatorsFlashing Railroad LightsFlip Flop see also ToggleFour Alarm SoundsFrequency DividerFrequency Meter Function of each 555 pin H-BridgeH-Bridge Push-Pull-high currentH-Bridge with PWMHeadlight Flasher-faulty circuitHeadlight SelectorHee Haw SirenHee Haw Siren with one 555Higher Sinking CurrentHigh Frequency 555 OscillatorHome Alarm-1How to use the 555HysteresisImproving the output of a 555Increasing Sinking CurrentIncreasing Output Push-Pull CurrentInverter 12v to 240vInside the 555Jammer for TVKitt ScannerKnight RiderLaser Ray SoundLatchRe-triggerable 555Reversing A Motor RouletteSchmitt TriggerScreamer Siren-Light ControlledServo ControllerServo TesterSET or RESET?Note this!Shoot-throughShort BeepSimplest 555 OscillatorSinewave OutputSiren 100dBSolar Tracker-not suitable for 555Square Wave OscillatorStepper Motor ControllerStun GunSubstituting a 555-Part 1Substituting a 555-Part 2Supply(170v)for Nixie TubesSwitch DebounceTachometerTE555-1 Stepper Motor ControllerTE555-2 Animated DisplayTE555-3 4 Alarm SoundsTE555-4 DiceTE555-5 LED FxTicking BombTilt SwitchTimer-5 secondsToggle A RelayToggle 555 555 ON/OFF Flip FlopTouch SwitchTouch ON-OFF -more Touch Sw CctsToy Organ Traffic LightsTraffic Lights-4 way Transistor TesterTrigger Timer-74c14Tripler-&quadTurning SignalTV Remote Control JammerUseless MachineUneven ClicksUniversal 555 Up/Down Fading LEDUsing the 555VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator)Voltage Doublersee alsoBattery ChargerVoltage TriplerVoltage InverterVoltage Multiplier x10timesWarning Flasher-car lights flasherWater Level DetectorLatch A RelayLatch-using transistorsLED Dice LED Dice Cct-2LED DimmerLED FlasherLED Flasher using LM386LED Flasher with LDRLED FXLED Strip IlluminatorLevel ShifterLight Controlled Screamer SirenLight DetectorLights-Traffic LightsLMC555 CMOS 555LM386 LED FlasherLM558-Quad 555Long Delay Timer-NEW CHIP$8.00Long Duration TimerLow Current Timer-7555 CMOS 555Low Frequency 555 Oscillator Low Power 555Machine Gun Make any 555 Project on a PC boardMark-Space RatioMemory Cell see also Toggle Flip FlopMercury Switch Detector-faulty circuitMetal Detector Missing Audio DetectorMissing Pulse Detector-faulty circuitModel Railway Time Monostable 555Morse KeyerMosquito RepellerMotor Controller(stepper Motor)Motor Controller(servo motor)Motor Over-runMotor PWMMultivibrator-AstableMusic BoxNegative VoltageWailing SirenWhat is the 555?Zapper(Dr Clark)Zapper-Voltage Multiplier Zener Diode Tester2 Minute Timer-74c143x3x3 Cube3-Chase Chaser3 secs HIGH 60 secs LOW3.7v to 5v DC to DC converter4 Alarm Sounds4 way Traffic Lights4-Zone Burglar Alarm1-10 Minute Auto Turn Off5 Seconds Delay10 Minute Timer-74c1412v DC to 12v DC Battery Charger12v DC to 19v DC12v to 240v Inverter50%Duty Cycle100dB Siren170v Supply for Nixie Tubes555s-a list of substitutes555+4017 Display$4.50555 Amplifier555 CMOS version LMC555555 Kit of Components555 Printed Circuit Board555 Pinout555 Pins-Remembering the pins555 Mistakes(No-Nos)555 on 24v555 Timer Calculator555 VCO556 Dual Timer 558 Quad 5557555 CMOS Calculator7555 Low Current Timer(delay)WHAT IS THE 555?The 555 is an 8-pin chip that can be turned into lots of different things(building blocks).The circuit inside the 555 is just an amplifier with 2 inputs and an output.The parts you add to the chip determine the final result(effect).In most cases you add a capacitor and resistor to produce a circuit known as a TIME DELAY CIRCUIT and the chip has a detection-pin and an amplifier(also called a power amplifier)to product an output.It is not a timer,delay or oscillator but is capable of being converted into these and maybe 100 other circuits.Just call it the 555THE 555 CHIPINTRODUCTIONThis e-book covers the 555.The 555 is everywhere and it is one of the cheapest and most-rugged chips on the market.It comes as a TTL 555 and will operate from 4v to about 16-18v.(dont use less than 5.5v)It costs from 20 cents(eBay)to$1.20 depending on the quantity and distributor.The circuitry inside the chip takes about 10mA-even when the output is not driving a load.This means it is not suitable for battery operation if the chip is to be powered ALL THE TIME.The 555 is also available as a CMOS chip(ICM7555 or ICL7555 or TLC555)and will operate from 2v to 18v and takes 60uA when the circuitry inside the chip is powered.The 7555 costs from 60 cents(eBay)to$2.00We call the TTL version 555 and the CMOS version 7555.This is called ELECTRONICS JARGON.The 555 comes as a single timer in an 8-pin package or a dual timer(556)in a 14 pin package.The 7555 comes as a single timer in an 8-pin package or a dual timer(7556)in a 14 pin package.The 555 and 7555 are called TIMERS or Timer Chips.They contain about 28 transistors and the only extra components you need are called TIMING COMPONENTS.This is an external resistor and capacitor.When a capacitor is connected to a voltage,it takes a period of time to charge.If a resistor is placed in series with the capacitor,the timing will increase.The chip detects the rising and falling voltage on the capacitor.When the voltage on the capacitor is 2/3 of the supply the output goes LOW and when the voltage falls to 1/3,the output goes HIGH.We can also do other things with the chip such as freezing or halting its operation,or allowing it to produce a single HIGH-LOW on the output pin.This is called a ONE-SHOT or MONOSTABLE OPERATION-but it still takes 10mA while sitting around.When the chip produces an output frequency above 1 cycle per second,(1Hz),the circuit is called an OSCILLATOR and below one cycle per second,it is called a TIMER.But the chip should not be called a 555 Timer,as it has so many applications.Thats why we call it a 555.(triple 5)Another thing you have to be aware of is the voltage on output pin 3.It is about 1-2v LESS THAN rail voltage and does not go to 0v(about 0.7v for 10mA and up to 1900mV for 200mA sinking current).For instance,to get an output swing of 10v you will need a 12.6v supply.In electronic terms the 555 has very poor sinking and sourcing capabilities.One way to understand how the chip operates is to remember that pin 7 goes LOW when pin 3(the output pin)goes LOW.When pin 3 goes HIGH,pin 7 goes open circuit(it does not go HIGH-it goes HIGH IMPEDANCE).When in 4 is taken LOW,(it needs to be as low as 0.5v)the chip stops operating,but it still takes 10mA.For photos of nearly every electronic component,see this website:https:/www.egr.msu.edu/eceshop/Parts_Inventory/totalinventory.phpYou can also search the web for videos showing the 555 in action.Here are a few:Making A 555 LED Flasher Video TutorialThree 555 LED Flasher555 Timer FlasherFading LED with 555 timerEach website has lots more videos and you can see exactly how the circuits work.But there is nothing like building the circuit and thats why you need to re-enforce your knowledge by ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION.Learning Electronics is like building a model with Lego bricks.Each topic or subject or area must be covered fully and perfectly,just like a Lego brick is perfect and fits with interference-fit to the next block.When you complete this eBook,you can safely say you will have mastered the 555-one more building block under your belt and in the process you learn about DC motors,Stepper motors,servos,4017 chips,LEDs and lots of other things.Any one of these can take you off in a completely different direction.So,lets start.Colin Mitchell TALKING ELECTRONICS.auTo save space(and get everything on a single page)we have not provided lengthy explanations of how any of the circuits work.This has already been covered in TALKING ELECTRONICS Basic Electronics Course,and can be obtained on a CD for$10.00(posted to anywhere in the world).See Talking Electronics website(http:/)for more details on the 555 by clicking on thefollowing four pages:555-Page 1 555-Page 2 555-Page 3 555-TestMany of the circuits have been designed by Colin Mitchell:Music Box,Reaction Timer Game,Traffic Lights,TV Remote Control Jammer,3x3x3 Cube,while others are freely available on the web.But this eBook has brought everything together and covers just about every novel 555 circuit.If you think you know everything about the 555,take the 555-Test and you will be surprised!SI NOTATION All the schematics in this eBook have components that are labelled using the System International(SI)notation system.The SI system is an easy way to show values without the need for a decimal point.Sometimes the decimal point is difficult to see and the SI system overcomes this problem and offers a clear advantage.Resistor values are in ohms(R),and the multipliers are:k for kilo,M for Mega.Capacitance is measured in farads(F)and the sub-multiples are u for micro,n for nano,and p for pico.Inductors are measured in Henrys(H)and the sub-multiples are mH for milliHenry and uH for microHenry.A 10 ohm resistor would be written as 10R and a 0.001u capacitor as 1n.The markings on components are written slightly differently to the way they are shown on a circuit diagram(such as 100p on a circuit and 101 on the capacitor or 10 on a capacitor and 10p on a diagram)and you will have to look on the internet under Basic Electronicsto learn about these differences.Heres a 555 built from transistors by Eric Schlaepfer in honor of Hans Camenzined,who invented the 555:You can build your own 555 from this Instructable:http:/ buy a kit for$35 from Evil Mad Scientist:http:/ kit is ideal for a school science project.Here is the circuit and assembly instructions.WARNING!Before making any 555 project,remember the chip takes about 10mA ALL THE TIME and cannot be turned off.The output(the driving power)of a 555 is about 200mA while the CMOS versions are only about 50mA.The chip is not really suited for doorbells and circuits as the 10mA will rapidly drain the battery.The 555 does not like 5v supply.Use 6v supply(minimum)when designing a circuit and then see if it works on 5v.This is a REAL TRAP!NEW!FROM TALKING ELECTRONICSA new range of 555 chips have been designed by Talking Electronics to carry out tasks that normally need 2 or more chips.These chips are designated:TE 555-1,TE555-2 and the first project to use the TE 555-1 is STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER TE555-1.Its a revolutionary concept.Instead of using an old 8-pin TTL 555 chip,you can use a new TE555-1,2,3 8-pin chip and save board space as well as components.These new chips require considerably less external componentry and the possibilities are endless.Depending on the circuit,they can have a number of timing and frequency outputs as well as a power-down feature that consumes almost no current when the circuit is not operating.See the first project in this series:STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLLER TE555-1.See also:Stepper Motor Controller projectSee also TE 555-2 TE555-3 TE 555-4 TE555-5555 TIMER CALCULATORA program to work out the values for a 555 in Astable or Monostable mode is available from Andy Clarksons website:http:/555-timer-circuits.uk/555-Timer.zip (987KB).Name a folder:555 Timer.Unzip and run 555 Timer setup.exeSetup will produce a desktop icon.Click on icon for program.Set the voltage for the 555 then use the Astable or Monostable tabs to design your circuit.Read the Help screen to understand the operation of:Hold Output and smallest.Here is another 555 calculator by Jeff:555 Timer CalculatorThis calculator will provide a number of component values for the delay you want or the frequency.You can specify“10ms”or“4.5kHz”in the text fields.How often do you want the timer to produce an output?secondsWhat frequency do you want the timer to operate at?Hertz7555 CMOS CALCULATOR see 7555The 555 comes in a low-power CMOS version.The drive-current from pin 3 is less than the TTL 555.At 5v,a 7555 will deliver 2mA and sink only 8mAAt 12v a 7555 will deliver 10mA and sink 50mAAt 15v a 7555 will deliver 100mA and sink 100mAUse the following 7555 calculator to find the OUTPUT FREQUENCY in Astable mode or OUTPUT TIME in Monostable mode:7555 CMOS CalculatorHeres a 555 made with 22 transistors by Malcolm Faed.See his video.See his Electric Vehicle website.How are your powers of observation?Can you find the LED:THE POWER SUPPLYSometimes you will see a circuit as shown in the f