1DepartmentofDiagnostics1stAffiliatedHospitalChenMing2Equipment〔器材〕：Stethoscope〔听诊器〕；Position〔体位〕：Supine〔卧位〕orseated〔坐位〕—apatient；standingtotherightsideofthepatient〔anexaminer〕；Environment〔环境〕：Quiet〔安静〕；Exposure〔暴露〕：Striptowaist〔腰部〕；Lightening〔光线〕：Good；leftside；tangent〔切线〕；Knowledgeofanatomy〔解剖知识〕：thorough〔全面〕Considerateandgentle。Physicalexaminationofheart(心脏检查)—3Midsternalline〔胸骨中线〕orAnteriormidline〔前正中线〕Midclavicularlines〔锁骨中线〕Anterior,middle,andposterioraxillarylines〔腋前、中、后线〕Sternalangle〔胸骨角〕--connectedwith2thcostalcartilage〔与第二肋软骨相连〕Intercostalspace〔肋间隙〕Physicalexaminationofheart(心脏检查)—landmarksoftopographicanatomy〔解剖标志〕4Inspection(望诊)Palpation(触诊)Percussion(叩诊)Auscultation(听诊)心脏检查Physicalexaminationofheart(心脏检查)5Tangentlightening〔切线方向光线〕；Sameheightasthorax(与胸廓同高〕。Inspection〔望诊〕--gist〔要点〕6Precordialprominence〔心前区隆起〕：Rightventricularhypertrophyatpuberty〔儿童发育完成前右心室肥大〕★Congenitalheartdisease(先天性心脏病)★Rheumaticheartdisease(风湿性心脏病)★Massivepericardialeffusionintheadult〔成人大量心包积液〕。Inspection〔望诊〕--Deformityofthoraxes〔胸廓畸形〕7Inspection〔望诊〕--Apicalimpulse〔心尖搏动〕Definition〔定义〕：Heartcontracts〔心脏收缩〕impactscorrespondingsiteoffrontchest〔心尖向前冲击前胸壁相应位置)apicalimpulse(心尖搏动)。8Inspection〔望诊〕Normalapicalimpulse〔正常心尖搏动〕：★Location----The5thintercostalspace〔第五肋间〕,0.5～1.0cmmedialtoleftmidclavicularline〔左锁骨中线内侧0.5～1.0cm〕；★Diameter----2.0～2.5cm。Inspection〔望诊〕--Apicalimpulse〔心尖搏动〕9Physiologicalfactors〔生理性因素〕：★Leftlateralposition〔左侧卧位〕----extendtotheleft〔向左移〕for2.0～3.0cm.★Rightlateralposition〔右侧卧位〕----extendtotheright〔向右移〕for1.0～2.5cm.Inspection〔望诊〕--Displacementofapicalimpulse〔心尖搏动移位〕10Pathologicalfactors〔病理性因素〕：★Heartitself...
