*技术与方法*新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术在反向病原学研究中的应用王亚丽1，麻锦敏1，陈路2，邹弈君3，江佳富4，陈唯军1,3摘要：以微生物组学和宏基因组学为基础的新技术的飞跃式发展为新微生物的发现提供了无可比拟的优势。反向病原学理念公开提出后，在指导新发突发传染病的主动防控实践方面也正在发挥越来越多的作用，在公共卫生和疾病防控领域应用越来越广。新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术进一步支撑和促进反向病原学研究，在发展评估新微生物致病潜力的理论、策略和方法方面有了一定的进展。在此，本综述梳理了新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术在反向病原学研究中的作用实践、以及面临的挑战，期望促进人们对病原体的认识和理论技术创新。关键词：新型宏基因组/宏转录组学技术；反向病原学；未来传染病；新发传染病中图分类号:R211;R183.5文献标志码:A文章编号:1003−9961（2023）05−0581−05Applicationofnovelmetagenomics/metatranscriptomicstechnologiesinreverseetiologyresearchWangYali1,MaJinmin1,ChenLu2,ZouYijun3,JiangJiafu4,ChenWeijun1,3.1.BGIPathoGenesisPharmaceuticalTechnology,BGI-Shenzhen,Shenzhen518085,Guangdong,China;2.BeijingMacroµ-testBio-TechCo.,Ltd.,Beijing101300,China;3.CollegeofLifeSciences,UniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China;4.StateKeyLaboratoryofPathogensandBiosecurity,AcademyofMilitaryMedicalSciences,BeijingInstituteofMicrobiologyandEpidemiology,Beijing100071,ChinaCorrespondingauthor:ChenWeijun,Email:chenwj@genomics.cnAbstract:Therapiddevelopmentofnewtechnologiesbasedonmicrobiomesandmetagenomicsprovidesunparalleledadvantagesinthediscoveryofnovelmicroorganisms.Sincethepublicationofconceptofreverseetiology,ithasplayedanincreasinglyimportantroleinguidingtheactivepreventionandcontrolpracticeofemerginginfectiousdiseasesandhasbeenwidelyusedinthefieldsofpublichealthanddiseasepreventionandcontrol.Newmetagenomics/metatranscriptomicstechnologieshavefurthersupportedandfacilitatedreverseetiologyresearch,andsomeprogresseshavebeenmadeinthedevelopmentoftheories,strategiesandmethodologiesforassessingthepathogenicpotentialsofnovelmicroorganisms.Thispapersummarizestherole,applicationofnewmetagenomics/met...
