【英语解析】2郑州市2020年高中毕业班第一次质量预测.pdf

1/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好郑州市 2020 届高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语试题卷优能营地事业部英语教研组第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ALooking for work?Tutors Wanted:Math/Science/Humanities+Test PreparationJob Posted:2 days agoWage:$27 30 per hourJob Type:Part-timeSchedule:Afternoons,evenings,weekdays,weekendsJob description:Were looking for tutors to join us before the next school year starts.Our suitable candidate will be able to assist middle and high school students with testpreparation and academic work in Math,Science and/or Humanities.Well pay for your training before this fall and can also offer flexible summer tutoringchances,including teaching group classes.Once our fall semester starts on August 21,well have even higher demand for tutoringsessions on Sundays from 1 p.m.to 8 p.m.as well as from3 p.m.to 9 p.m.Monday-Thursday.What we offer:Flexible scheduling.Tutors work from 15 to 30 hours per week depending onavailability and student demand.Free Sunday dinners during the academic year.Fun staff gatherings.2/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好 Health insurance reimbursement(补偿)for staff working over 30 hours per week.We are 5 minuteswalking distance from the Menlo Park Caltrain Station.Applicants must：Have a good command of the subjects they tutor.Be willing to tutor students through the full academic year.Application instructions:Email us your resume(简历)Tell us why you want to join Academic Trainers and describe your experience oftutoring students if you have any.Let us know your scheduling preferences and potential start date.Tell us which of the subjects you are able to tutor-Math,Science and/or Humanities.21.Which period of time needs the most tutors during the academic year?A.Saturday and Sunday mornings.B.Friday afternoons and evenings.C.Monday and Thursday mornings.D.Sunday afternoons and evenings.22.What can a tutor enjoy who works more than 30 hours per week?A.Comfortable accommodation.B.Free job training every month.C.Health insurance reimbursement.D.Free meals during the academic year.23.What qualification should a suitable candidate have?A.He/She must tutor all the subjects part-time.B.He/She must be good at the subjects they tutor.C.He/She must have a previous tutoring experience.D.He/She must work every evening through the academic year.体裁：应用文主题：家教招聘。3/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好文章大意：新的学期开始之前，招聘家教，对工作的性质，要求，条件，申请方式等进行了详细的描述。21.D【命题意图】考察细节理解【解题思路】根据题干理解，可将答案定位在 Job description 这一主题下面的第四段，Once our fall semester starts on August 21,we will have even higher demand for tutoringsessions on Sundays from 1 p.m.to 8 p.m.as well as from 3 p.m.to 9 p.m.Monday-Thursday.所以最需要家教的时间是周日下午和晚上。选择 D。22.C【命题意图】考察细节理解【解题思路】根据题干中的 more than 30 hours per week,可定位于文章中 Whatwe offer 这一段中，每周工作超过 30 个小时的家庭教师可享受到健康保险补偿，因此选择 C 答案。A 和 C 选项在文章中没有提及。D 答案在文章中 Free Sunday dinners,周日的晚饭是免费的，但是选项中 free meals 把范围扩大了，D 答案错误。正确答案 C。23.B【命题意图】考察细节理解题。【解题思路】根据题顺序原则可以定位于文章中 Applicants must 这一段，Have a goodcommand of the subjects they tutor.必须掌握好所教授的科目，因此答案选择 B。A 答案错在 all 一词上面；C 答案和 D 答案在文章中没有提及。BIf there was a subject at school that made me anxious,it was science.Maybe thatsbecause in my tenth grade,I couldnt understand my physics teachers instructions,causingme to accidentally set fire to the classroom.So,when my husband and I decided tohome-school our daughters,we made a deal:he would teach science,while I would handle4/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好everything else.But thats not how things have been going these past few weeks,since myhusband has been too busy to teach the girls.Recently,while out on my morning hike before starting lessons,I noticed that the sky wasa beautiful blue,and the air was filled with the sweet smell of flowers.That s why I decidedthat the days lessons would be taught outside,although I remembered that my daughtershadnt had any science classes from my husband for a while.I returned to the house to get the girls ready.We headed up into the forest,settlingourselves by a pond that rarely has any visitors.My daughter Saoirse started to pick up pondweeds and catch frogs,while my other daughter Ula looked at me,waiting to be instructed.Ihanded her a drawing board and colored pencils.We wait,I told her,and see if somethingcomes along.In the meantime,just draw whats around you.”We worked for more than an hour,hardly speaking.A bird flew across the water,and thensettled in a front of a fallen tree.I quickly told Ula,worried that shed not seen the creature.But she had,and she started drawing it.An hour later,she shed not finished her picture and Istared down at it.She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy.But there was oneother interesting fact about this drawing:she also drew me,sitting beside her.I realized,as I stared at this childs drawing of us watching a bird,how Id lived for 40years,gathered 10 years of higher education,and never understood the foundation of sciencebefore this moment.The foundation of science is a sense of wonder;it isnt about accuratelyreciting words from a textbook.It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy livesand amazing at the world around us.24.How did the author feel about science when in school?A,She was nervous about it.B.She was fond of it.C.She was confused about it.D.She was eager for it.25.The underlined word“it”in Paragraph4 refers to“”A.the fallen treeB.the forestC.the birdD.the picture26.Which of the following best describes Ula?A.Shes very outgoing.B.Shes good at observing.C.Shes very hard-working.D.She shares interests with her sister.5/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好27.What is the foundation of science in the authors opinion?A.Attention to accuracy.B.Curiosity about the outside world.C.Determination to find out the truth.D.Ability to understand teachers instructions.体裁：记叙文文章主题：科学的价值文章大意：从作者自身学习科学的经历出发，在女儿的画作中逐步改变态度，认识到学习科学的真正含义。24.A【命题意图】推理判断题【解题思路】根据文章第一段第一句话，If there was a subject at school that made meanxious,it was science.可知 anxious 和 nervous 是同义词替换，科学总是让作者感到焦虑，紧张，因此答案选 A。25.C【命题意图】词义猜测题【解题思路】根据题干定位于文章第四段。But she started drawing it.第四段第一句中，Abird flew across the water,and then settled in front of a fallen tree.一只鸟从水面上飞过所以答案选择 C。26.B【命题意图】考察细节理解【解题思路】根据文章第四段的后半部分，An hour later,she finished her pictures and Istared down at it.She drew the bird on her paper with amazing accuracy.But there was oneother interesting fact about this drawing;she also drew me,sitting beside her.在作者女儿的6/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好画作中很容易看出来，非常擅长观察。因此答案选择 B。27.B【命题意图】考察细节理解题【解题思路】根据题干中的“foundation”一词定位于文章的最后一段。The foundationof science is a sense of wonder;It is first and foremost about stepping outside our busy livesand amazing at the world around us.学习科学的目的在于使我们对整个世界充满好奇。因此答案选择 B。CSomething strange has been happening to me lately:Women in the street have beentelling me Im brave.My act of courage isnt much-I just stopped coloring my hair.I had brown hair thatstarted going gray when I was 30.So,like a lot of women,I started dyeing(染)it.It wasexpensive and time-consuming.And my hair grows fast,so I needed to go back to the hairsalon(美发厅)every 5 weeks.Many people seem to enjoy holding onto their youth for as long as possible,giving offthe impression that they don t have much wisdom or many accomplishments.But our hairstarts to turn gray and suddenly we start spending$500 or more a year to cover somethingour male colleagues dont need to cover.Of course,People should do what they want with their own body-my mother is 91 andstill has blond hair,and why not?I just wish more of us would feel that it was OK to beourselves,because going gray has done more for me than saving me time and money.I like my natural hair,just as it is.I like how it has got curly and full again.It isrecovering after years of being damaged by chemicals.I also like that it has given me someneeded attitude in a society that makes youth seem so important,while being against maturity.It reminds me that Im not a kid anymore-and this isnt a bad thing.Not being a kid anymoremeans I read the books I want,and not the books i feel I should read.It means not wastingmy time at events I don t need to attend when Id rather be with my family and friends.7/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好When I see my hair in the mirror,its a reminder that my time is limited,and I shouldspend it doing what matters.Theres nothing shameful about growing older And pretendingits not happening is a way of giving up our power.I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the idea that people lose valueas they age,instead of gaining it.I see gray hair as my flag and Im letting it fly proudly.28.How does the author feel about coloring hair?A.It shows peoples great courage.B.It is a good way to hold onto youth.C.It shows wisdom and accomplishments.D.It is not worth the time and money spent on it.29.What should we do when we grow old according to the author?A.Give up our power.B.Pretend to be still young.C.Accept it and act positively.D.Read as many books as possible.30.What is the authors main purpose in writing this passage?A.To explain why youth is valued.B.To share her opinion on growing older.C.To stress the importance of different attitudes.D.To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of aging.31.Which can be the best title for the passage?A.Holding OntoYouthB.Dyeing Your HairC.Gaining Value WithAgeD.Valuing Wisdom OfAge体裁：记叙文议论文主题：坦然面对变老，正视年龄文章大意：叙述自己由染发到不染发态度的转变，而感慨坦然面对变老正视年龄的经历28.D8/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好【命题意图】考察事实细节题。【命题意图】根据题干定位词：color hair 可以在第四段最后一句找到答案，I just wishmore of us would feel that it was OK to be ourselves,because going gray has done more forme than saving me time and money.可以看出坦然做自己就好，头发变灰白接受年龄比节省时间和金钱带来的感受更重要。因此选 D29.C【命题意图】考察事实细节题【解题思路】根据文题顺序一致原则，该题的答案在倒数第二段。Theres nothingshameful about growing older.And pretending its not happening is a way of giving up ourpower.考生只需要从倒数第二段的第二句把该段读完答案就可以选出 C。30.B【命题意图】考察主旨大意题【解题思路】因为全篇通过不再染发阐述对于变老的思考和态度，在文章五六七段都提到了自己坦然面对白发，面对年龄的感慨，故选 B。31.D【命题意图】考察主旨大意题【解题思路】文章全文脉络是由染发提出问题，有反思有感慨，最后得出坦然变老的态度。通过最后一段第一句 I see my gray hair as a little act of rebellion(反叛)against the ideathat people lose value as they age,instead of gaining it.可以看出:不是获得，虽然文中最后有 gaining 这个词，但是更多的要面对要珍惜，是提醒。故选 D。DAIDS may be one of the most undesirable diseases in the world.Luckily,there is nowhope forAIDS patients.According to a recent paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine，Chinesescientists have successfully used CRISPR technology-a method of gene editing-to treat apatient with HIV.While it may not have cured the patient fully,it still represents a huge step9/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好forward in fighting the disease.The patient was a 27-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with both AIDS andacute lymphoblastic leukemia(淋巴母细胞白血病),a type of blood cancer.Despite hisbleaksituation,doctors offered him a little hope:a bone marrow(骨髓)transplant to treathis cancer and an experimental treatment for his HIV.They used this chance to edit the DNAin bone marrow stem cells(干细胞)from a donor before transplanting the cells into thepatient.Specifically,the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete agene known as CCR5,which encodes(给编码)a protein that HIV uses to get inside humancells.Without the gene,HIV is unable to enter cells.Talking about the gene,lead scientistDeng Hongkui told CNN,“After being edited,the cells and the blood cells they produce havethe ability to resist HIV infection.”Nineteen months after the treatment,the patientsleukemia was in complete remission(缓 解)and donor cells without CCR5 remained,according to the research paper.Though the transplant didnt cure the mans HIV,it still showed the effectiveness ofgene-editing technology,as there was no indication of any unintended genetic changes-amajor concern with past gene-editing treatment experiments.Amesh Adalja,a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in theUnited States,who was not involved in the study,praised the treatment.“They did a verycreative experiment,and it was safe,”he told Live Science.“It should be viewed as asuccess.”Deng believes gene-editing technology could“bring a new dawn”to blood relateddiseases such as AIDS and sickle-cell anaemia(镰状细胞贫血).“Thanks to this newtechnology,the goal of a functional cure forAIDS is getting closer and closer,”he said.32.The underlined word“bleak”in Paragraph3 probably means“_”.A.hopelessB.unstableC.embarrassingD.unique33.How did the treatment fight against HIV?10/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好A.By identifying and killing HIV.B.By changing the structure of HIV.C.By preventing HIV entering cells.D.By removing a protein HIV feeds on.34.What is the result of the treatment?A.Gene-edited cells are able to resist HIV infection.B.The number of cells infected by HIV has decreased.C.CCR5 and other genes in the patients cells are changed.D.Unintended genetic changes have taken place in the patients cells.35.What can we know about the experiment?A.It pointed out the problems of gene treatment.B.It provided a new way to cureAIDS patients fully.C.It could offer a safe treatment for blood-related diseases.D.It was the first example to use gene-editing tool to treatAIDS.体裁：说明文主题：治疗艾滋有了新曙光文章大意：世界上最难治疗的疾病之一艾滋病现在有了新希望，通过改变基因编码的方法，给治疗艾滋病带来了曙光。32A【命题意图】考察词义辨析题。【解题思路】根据语境义可以看出来，前面有 despite 是尽管虽然的意思，后半句是doctors offered him a little hope，医生提供了一线希望，所以他的状况应该暗淡的，无希望的，B 选项是不稳定的，C 选项是尴尬的，D 选项是独一无二的，故答案选 A。33C【命题意图】考察事实细节题。11/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好【解题思路】根据第四的第一句 Specifically,the treatment involved using the gene-editingtool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCR5，which encodes(给编码)a proteinthat HIV uses to get inside human cells.Without the gene,HIV is unable to enter cells.如果没有这个基因，HIV 没有办法进入细胞，故答案是 C。34A【命题意图】考察事实细节题。【解题思路】根据文章第四段After being edited,the cells and the blood cells they producehave the ability to resist HIV infection.直接可以选出答案 A。35.C【命题意图】考察细节推理题。【解题思路】本题可以用排除法。A 选项是以偏概全，B 选项通过第二段 While it may nothave cured the patient fully 可知是偷梁换柱，D 选项是无中生有，C 选项通过最后一段最后一句 Thanks to this new technology,the goal of a functional cure for AIDS is gettingcloser and closer 可知符合文章内容与推测，故选 C。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Are people less or more happy when they get older?A study in 2018 found that peoplegenerally become happier and experience less worry after age 50.In fact,it found that by theage of 85,people are happier with their life than they were at 18.Arthur Stone in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at Stony BrookUniversity in New York led the study.His team found that levels of stress were the highestamong adults between the ages of 22 and 25.36Happiness was the highest among the youngest adults and those in their early 70s.But12/23新东方新东方 老师好老师好the people least likely to report feeling negative emotions were those in their 70s and 80s.The survey also found that men and women have similar emotional patterns as they growolder.37The researchers also considered possible influences like,having young children beingunemployed or being single.Bu,they found that influences like these did not affect the levelsof happiness and well-being related to age.38One theory is that,as people get older,they become more than thankful for what