小六英语第15讲：阅读指导（一）（学生版）.docx

添加微信：car4900，免费领小学资料 第15讲 阅读指导（一） 阅读技巧 一、加强按意群阅读的训练 按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。 试比较：（1）I / usually / go / to / school / by / bike.（目光停顿7次）， （2）I usually / go to school / by bike.（目光停3次）。 其中，（1）为逐词读，（2） 为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为 宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？ 二、我们在平常可以试试以下两个方法： 1. 快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。 　　2.把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。 随着阅读的深入，要学会根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选 择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。 三、培养语言预测能力 　　所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I go to school by ... 时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank you for ... 时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He likes listening ... 时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little Water Drop goes higher and ... 时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。 眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。 四、避免翻译 在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。 五 跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。 猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：Her friend Judy likes playing the violin. But Sally doesn't play any instruments. She doesn't like music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响阅读，只需要通过上文中的violin和下文中的music，就能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。 1 让学生初步掌握阅读的技巧，提高阅读速度和对文章的整体理解能力 2 帮助学生慢慢克服阅读的障碍 Long,long ago people made the first lightening(闪电).But they had to keep the fire burning,for they couldn't start it again if there was no lighting.Later,they found out hitting two pieces of stone together could make a spark(火花).The spark could fire dry leaves.In this way they could make the fire again if it went out .Then people also learned to make a fire by rubbing(摩擦).They made a hole on a piece of wood and put a smaller stick into the hole. They turned the stick again and again.After a few minutes they got a fire. 　　As years went by, people learned other way to make a fire.Sometimes they used the heat from the sun.They held a piece of glass in the right way and made a piece of paper on fire. 　　About two centuries ago, people began to make matches.Matches brought people a quick and easy way to make fires.Today matches are still being used, but people have more new ways to make fires.One of them is to use an electric fire starter.Of course an electric fire starter is much more expensive then a box of matches, But it is very useful. 　　1. From the text we know that a spark can________. 　　A.fire and leaves　　B.burn anything 　　C.burn dry leaves　　D.keep fire burning 　　2. We can also get a fire by__________. 　　A.making a hole on a big piece of wood 　　B.putting the smaller stick into the hole 　　C.turning the stick hard for a while 　　D.all above together 　　3. Matches have been used ___________. 　　A.for about two thousand years 　　B.for about two hundred years 　　C.since people began to use fire for cooking 　　D.since people used the heat from the sun 　　4. From the text, we know that _________. 　　A.electric fire starters are widely used 　　B.people haven't used matches since they had electric fire starters 　　C.today there are only two ways to make fire 　　D.some forest fires happen from lighting 　　5. Which of the following is the right order of the ways to make fires that people got to know? 　　a.with a match　　b.from the sun 　　c. from lightening　　d.by rubbing 　　e. with an electric fire starter 　　A.a,b,c,d,c 　　B.b,c,a,e,d C.c,d,b,a,e 　　D.d,a,c,b,e A 阅读理解：A.选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里。（15分） Many people don’t have the same hobbies, but they can still be good friends. Li Yang and Wang Li are good friends. Li collects stamps and often shows them to Wang. Wang doesn’t like collecting things. He likes swimming. Wang often asks Li to go swimming with him, but Li always says he is busy. Yes, he is always busy with his stamps. “ You should collect something,” Li often says to Wang. Wang likes playing the violin, but Li doesn’t. Li likes playing the piano. They like to help each other. That’s why they are good friends. ( )1、Wang Li and Li Yang are ______. A. twins B. friends ( )2、Wang Li and Li Yang ______ the same things. A. like B. likes ( )3、Wang Li likes _________. A. collecting stamps B. swimming ( )4、Li Yang doesn’t like ______. A. playing the violin B. playing the piano ( )5、Li Yang and Wang Li ____have the same hobbies. A. doesn’t B. don’t B B. 阅读，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致，对的 打“ √ ”，错的打 “ ×”。 Li Qing and Li Ping are twins. They’re thirteen. They live with their uncle and aunt in Guangzhou. Their uncle has a son. His name is Li Hai. Li Qing, Li Ping and Li Hai study at Yucai Primary School, but they’re not in the same class. Li Hai’s parents are teachers. They teach Chinese at Yucai Primary School.They work hard. All their students like them. The three children go to school together. They eat their lunch at the school canteen. After school, they often play ping-pong together. ( ) 1. Li Qing and Li Ping are brothers. ( ) 2. Li Qing and Li Ping are Li Hai’s cousins. ( ) 3. Li Qing, Li Ping and Li Hai are classmates. ( ) 4. Li Hai’s parents work at the same school. ( ) 5. Li Hai, Li Qing and Li Ping have lunch at school. C My father is tall and has short, gray hair. He wears glasses with heavy, , black frames. But I just saw a picture of him from 1968. What a surprise! In the picture, he’s 15 years old. He’s short and he has glasses with small, round frames. He has long, yellow hair and it’s really straight. He’s wearing blue jeans and a T-shirt with the word “Love”. I’m 15 years old now. I’m average height and I have short hair. My hair isn’t yellow, it’s blue. My dad thinks it’s strange, but my friends think it’s great. I wear glasses, but my glasses have bright red frames. They’re so cool! I have an earring in one ear, too. Dad really can’t understand that, I never wear blue jeans. I like big, baggy pants and long T-shirts. Most of my T-shirts have pictures of my favorite rock bands on them. ( ) 1. What kind of glasses did Father wear when he was fifteen years old? He wore . A. glasses with heavy, black frames B. long and yellow glasses C. glasses with bright red frames D. glasses with small, round frames ( ) 2. What color is my hair? It’s ______________. A. yellow B. blue C. gray D. red ( )3. What do I like to wear? I like to wear _____________. A. blue jeans and a T-shirt B. yellow jeans and a T-shirt with the word “love” C. big and baggy pants and long T-shirts D. blue jeans and an earring ( )49. What’s on my father’s T-shirt? A. The word “love”. B. Heavy and black frames. C. Pictures of rock bands. D . An earring. ( )50. Who has an earring in one ear? A. My dad does. B. I do. C. My father does. D. My Friends do. 先阅读短文，然后回答问题：(5%) This is a nice classroom. You can see some boys and girls in it.Do you know the boy in a black and green shirt? His name is Mike. He sits beside the window. The boy behind Mike is Liu Tao. He’s a Chinese boy. He likes stamps. He has many Chinese stamps. The girl next to him is Lucy. She’s American. Her twin sister is Lily.They are in the same row but in different groups. Look at the girl in a green dress. She is Wang Ying. She sits between Mike and Helen.She’s Helen’s good friend. 1What colour is Mike’s shirt? _______________________. 2 Where’s Lucy? ___________________________. 3Who are in the same row? ______________________________. 4 What’s the name of the girl’s in the green dress? _____________________________________. 5 Who is the nearest to the teacher’s desk? ______________________________________. 一、 选出下列单词中划线部分读音不同的选项，将其序号填入题前括号内(1×5分) 　　( )1. A. forget B. her C. work D. nurse 　　( )2. A. these B. father C. think D. mouths 　　( )3. A. any B. catch C. black D. stamp 　　( )4. A. book B. good C. food D. classroom 　　( )5. A. pens B. teachers C. apples D. cats 　　二、根据所给中文、英文释义及首字母提示完成句子(1×5分) 　　6. How many ____________ (猴子) does the zoo have ? 　　7. He listens to the teacher as ___________(仔细) as his cousin. 　　8. The old man lived in a __________(not quiet) street, so he couldn’t sleep well every day. 　　9. W___________ (the fourth day in a week) is my busiest day. 　　10. My ideal school starts at 9:00 a.m. and f_________ at 3:00 p.m.. 　　三. 根据句意写出所给单词的正确形式。(1×5分) 　　11、Look! One of the children __________(swim)in the lake. 　　12、Lily is much __________(health) than her sister. 　　13、They _________(fly) to the UK, didn’t they ? 　　14、Is _________(eat) too much good or bad for your body ? 　　15、Mr. Lee _______________ (give) us a talk on the history of China tomorrow, isn’t he? 　　四. 选择最佳答案。(1×10分) 　　( )16.--- Could you help me , please ? 　　--- _____________________. 　　A. Yes , please . B. Yes , I could. C. Yes, I can. D. You’re welcome . 　　( )17.There is _____________sheep on the hill . 　　A. little B. a few C. a little D. few 　　( )18.There is ______ “h ” , ______ “o”，_______“u ” and ______ “r ” 　　in the word “hour ”. 　　A. an ; an ; a ; an B. a; an; a; a C. a; an ; an; a D. an; an ; an ; an 　　( )19.---I had a really good weekend at my uncle’s. 　　---___. 　　A. Oh, that’s very nice of you. B. Congratulations. 　　C. It’s a pleasure. D. Oh, I’m glad to hear that. 　　( )20.---Can I get you a cup of tea? 　　---_____. 　　A. That's very nice of you B. With pleasure 　　C. You can, please D. Thank you for the tea 　　( )21---Does she work here? 　　---No, but these days she _____ here. 　　A. helps B. help C. is helping D. helping 　　( )22. ---__________ today! ---Yes. Shall we have a picnic in the open air? 　　A. What fine weather is B. How fine weather it is 　　C. What a fine weather it is D. How fine the weather is 　　( )23. I _____tired yesterday, so I ________ go shopping with her. 　　A. am, don’t B. was, am not C. was, didn’t D. am, am not 　　( )24. ---Could you get to the park before 3 o’clock? 　　---__________. I’ll still be at the meeting then. 　　A. I think so B. Yes, I could C. I’m afraid not D. I’m afraid so 　　( ) 25. Miss Gao is ________teacher. She teaches _____ English. 　　A. our, my B. us, me C. us, our D. our, us 　　五. 根据明信片内容及26-30的提示语，将英文代号A-E填在相应的横线上(1×5分) 　　To_____A________ 　　You’re an excellent person. I am sure your new job will be a great success. 　　Best wishes from 　　Mrs Bell 　　Dear__B___________ 　　Wish you every success in your exams. We’ll be thinking of you. 　　All our love, 　　Granny & Grandpa 　　Dear___C________ 　　People like you make the world brighter with the special things you do. 　　Love from 　　Andy 　　To____D______ 　　Hoping that good health will soon be yours. 　　With very best wishes from 　　everyone at Better Books 　　To dear ____E______ 　　Life is boring without you. Hurry back. 　　Love, 　　Angela 　　26_____________________ Simon is working in another city for four weeks. 　　27 __________________ Mary is in hospital. 　　28 __________________John has just started a new job. 　　29 __________________Karen will start her final exams next week. 　　30 __________________Ann cleaned her friend's house when her friend was on holiday. 　　六、完型填空 (1×10分) 　　“Where is the university?” This is a question that many visitors to Cambridge(剑桥)ask. But no one can give them a __(31)__answer, for there is no wall to be found _(32)___ the university. The university is the city. You can find classroom buildings, __(33)__, museums and offices of the university all over the city. And most of its members are the students and_(34)__ of the thirty—one colleges(学院). 　　Cambridge was already a_(35)_ town long before the first students and teachers arrived 800 years ago. It grew up by the river Granta, and the river was once __(36)__ the Cam. A__(37)__ was built over the river as early as 875，so the town got its name “Cambridge”. 　　In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries more and more land was used for college buildings. The town grew much __(38)__ in the nineteenth century after the opening of the railway in 1845.Cambridge became a__(39)__ in 1951 and now it has a population of over 100,000. Many young students in other countries_(40)_ to study at Cambridge. 　　( )31. A. true B. clear C. right D. wrong 　　( )32. A. around B. in C. near D. about 　　( )33. A. cinemas B. libraries C. zoos D. parks 　　( )34. A. parents B. farmers C. teachers D. doctors 　　( )35. A. interesting B. old C. new D. usual 　　( )36. A. said B. called C. spoken D. talked 　　( )37. A. bridge B. building C. station D. house 　　( )38. A. smaller B. slower C. slowly D. faster 　　( )39. A. city B. college C. country D. village 　　( )40. A. stop B. hate C. hope D. dislike 　　七、阅读理解(1×5分) 　　(A) 　　No.1 Business Hours 　　Mon.toWed. 9:30a.m.—6:00p.m. Thurs. 9:30a.m.—8:00p.m. 　　Fri.toSat. 9:30a.m.—6:00p.m. 　　Sun. closed No.3 Opening Hours 　　Monday—Saturday 　　10:00a.m.—5:00 p.m. 　　Sunday 　　2:30 p.m.—6:00 p.m. 　　No.2 Bill’s Supermarket 　　O P E N 　　DAYS A WEEK 　　8:00a.m. to 8:00p.m. No.4 Opening to the Public 　　9:00 a.m.—5:00 p.m. 　　Monday to Friday 　　( ) 41. If you work at No.1, you have to work longer hours on_____. 　　A. Tuesday B. Thursday C. Saturday D. Sunday 　　( ) 42. Which two are open every day? 　　A.No.1 and No.2 B.No.1 and No.4 　　C.No.3 and No.4 D.No.2 and No.3 　　( ) 43. If four people work for the four different places, how many of them needn’t go to work 　　on Sunday morning? 　　A. One. B. Two C. Three D. Four 　　( ) 44. No.4 can probably be______. 　　A. a government(政府) office B. a hospital 　　C. a restaurant D. a hotel 　　( ) 45. Bill’s Supermarket is open ______ a day. 　　A.8 hours B.12 hours C.14 hours D.16 hours 　　八、阅读下面文章并根据要求回答问题 (1×5分) 　　The Arts Cinema is open 7 days a week, showing lots of American and foreign films. Next week it will show an Australian film called“Midnight Meeting”. It is set in Sydney in the 1960s. You can see that film from Monday to Thursday. It will be on twice a day at 6:30 and 9:10 in the evenings. The film lasts two hours and fifteen minutes. Tickets are $ 4, but there is a special student ticket at $2.60 for all the films. Please bring your student card if you want the cheaper ticket. 　　The nearest car park to the cinema is in Hamlet Street. It’s just five minutes’walk from the cinema. If you need further information, phone 8813962 during office hours-9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday to Friday. 　　Answer each of the following questions in no more than SIX words.(每题答案不超过6个词) 　　46 In which country is the film “Midnight Meeting” made? ______________________________. 　　47 When can people see that film? __________________________