2018年上海高考英语真题（原卷版）.doc

2018年6月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试 上海英语试卷 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a supermarket. B. At the laundry. C. In a clothing store. D. At the tailor's. 2. A. He enjoys working hard. B. He is tired of piles of work. C. His complaint about work is sensible. D. His hard work doesn't pay off. 3. A. He's changing the light. B. He's burning the wires. C. He's dancing on the desk. D. He's checking the bulb. 4. A. £ 100. B. £ 200. C. £ 700. D. £ 600. 5. A. She has no chance to get the job. B. She is sure to be hired. C. There will be a fierce competition. D. Others will not give the chance to her. 6. A. A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably. B. The man's habit of drinking wine keeps him awake all night. C. This man should sleep in a comfortable bed. D. Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the man's insomnia. 7. A. The size of the shirt is probably small for him. B. He doesn't want any new shirt. C. He's exercising to put on some weight. D. The receipt is essential to buy another shirt. 8. A. Lead him to take another flight. B. Provide him with a place to stay tonight. C. Tell his friends to pick him up at the airport. D. Inform him of the new flight in time. 9. A. A very popular hotel. B. The competitive job market. C. The large population of the city. D. The hot news on TV. 10. A. The physics problem is Greek to all the students.B. Professor smith cannot teach the students well. C. The man still doesn't understand the problem. D. It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Britain. B. France. C. Spain. D. America. 12. A. St. Augustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017. B. America became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821. C. The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now. D. The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there. 13. A. The extraordinary history of St. Augustine. B. The hardships St. Augustine once suffered. C. The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine. D. The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The transport system of London is available everywhere. B. Tokyo's lost property office is the biggest one in the world. C. The lost items are an important source of funding for London. D. In most cases, people don't care about the things they lost. 15. A. The lost items are collected all over the country. B. Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones. C. The items that are not claimed will be valuable for the transport. D. Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners. 16. A. Losing shoes enables them to meet new opportunities. B. The lost shoes are meaningless to them. C. They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes. D. Shoes once get lost, ifs difficult to find them back. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. She's discussing business with this man. B. She's looking around a house for rent. C. She's watching the house she wants to buy. D. She is talking about the loan with the bank staff. 18. A. The wine storage area. B. The advanced equipment. C. The relaxing colors of the wall. D. The reasonable layout. 19. A. It's dirty cheap. B. It's unreasonable C. It's unexpected. D. It,s acceptable. 20. A. The householder often ignores customers’ offering. B. The woman is superior to others in buying this house. C. The house agent is uncertain about the woman's offering. D. The house has been ordered in advance by other people. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it ___1___ (cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time ___2___ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, Dr. Gaya Dowling. uWhat we can say is that this is ___3___the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern." The problem isn't just screens ___4___, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) , these patterns of activity and rest arise ___5___habits we develop early in life. uWhat we really need to do is ___6___ (bring) back play for children," says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “ This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ___7___ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction. Sometimes, the parents ___8___complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ___9___ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids一 ____10____ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed Some Very "American" Words Come from Chinese Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them. kowtow The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___11___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means " knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___12___ —such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___13___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___14___to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king. It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection. gung-ho Another borrowed word that came about through ___15___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters " gong" and " he" together mean " work together, cooperate. " The original term—gongyehezudshe—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "... all the soldiers ___16___themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. " He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___17___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___18___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called " touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. ‘‘ The word's ___19___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but ____20____to make it appear more Greek. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___21___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books. They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___22___. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) ___23___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas. To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___24___ have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're ___25___ the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___26___ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to. According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ___27___, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___28___ effect, the study said. In the first ___29___, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___30___and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen： Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood." In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___31___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the ___32___model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. uEven in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___33___ has really sunk in. ‘‘ The ___34___of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___35___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said. 21. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides 22. A. childhood B. neighborhood C. adolescents D. adulthood 23. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes 24. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts 25. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing 26. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized 27. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits 28. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar 29. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion 30. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases 31. A. respectively B. delicately C. seriously D. considerably 32. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster 33. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated 34. A. implement B. postponement C. achievement