2022年高考英语真题（浙江自主命题）【1月】（解析版）.docx

2022 年 1 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷） 第一部分听力（共两节, 满分 30 分） 做题时, 先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后, 你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题纸上。 第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 7. 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选 项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后, 你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。 每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much is the shirt? A. £19. 15 B. £9. 18 C. £ 9. 45 答案是 C。 1. Where are the speakers going to meet? A. In a lab. B. In a cafeteria. C. In a classroom. 2. What will Jeff take to school tomorrow? A. An apple pie. B. A carrot cake. C. A roast chicken. 3. What are the speakers talking about? A. Visiting a neighbor. B. Getting a library. C. Attending a meeting. 4. What will Jim probably do this weekend? A. Finish a project. B. Take a class. C. Have a rest. 5. Why does Amanda want to learn to play the guitar? A. To record popular songs B. To perform her own music. C. To become a guitar teacher. 第二节 供 15 小题；每小题 1. 5 分, 满分 22. 5 分） 听下面 5 段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最 佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题 5 秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第 6 段材料, 回答第 6、7 题。 6. What does the woman want to do? A. Open a bank account. B. Cancel a credit card. C. Withdraw some money. 7. Where will the woman go? A. Brown College. B. Dudley Road. C. Kingfield Street. 听第 7 段材料, 回答第 8 至 10 题。 8. What does the woman do? A. She's a secretary. B. She's a manager. C. She's a salesperson. 9. What time will the meeting probably be over? A. At 1:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 3:00. 10. What does the man want to do before Friday? A. Meet Mr. Smith. B. Write a document. C. Move to a new office. 听第 8 段材料, 回答第 11 至 13 题。 11. Whose graduation day is it today? A. Annie's. B. Steve's. C. Jane's. 12. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Arrive early . B. Sit near the stage. C. Take some pictures. 13. What is the relationship between speakers? A. Brother and sister. B. Fellow teachers. C. Schoolmates. 听第 9 段材料, 回答第 14 至 17 题。 14. How does Laura sound at the beginning of the conversation? A. Anxious. B. Regretful. C. Surprised. 15. What do we know about Peter? A. He has got a new job. B. He has four children. C. He has a big house. 16 What did Jim choose to work from home? A. To look after the kids. B. To get more sleep. C. To accompany his wife. 17. What is Peter going to do this afternoon? A. Hold a dinner. B. Give Sally a call. C. Attend a meeting. 听第 10 段材料, 回答第 18 至 20 题。 18. What is Jennifer Green doing? A. Conducting a class. B. Presenting a speaker. C. Recommending a book. 19. Where is Professor Bastian's book about? A. Trips for escaping unhappiness. B. Benefits of painful experiences. C. Ways to develop reading ability. 20. What is Professor Bastian going to do next? A. Share his stories. B. Discuss his plans. C. Explain his views. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分 35 分） 第一节（共 10 小题;每小题 2. 5 分, 满分 25 分） 阅读下列短文从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中选出最佳选项, 并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机)in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate (房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job. Merebeth’s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas. This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking. It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, “When I am on the road, I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.” 1. Why did Merebeth changed her job? A. She wanted to work near her home. B. She was tired of working in the office. C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver. D. Her former employer was out of business. 2. The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to ? A. make money. B. try various jobs. C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places. 3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job? A. She has chances to see rare animals. B. She works hard throughout the year. C. She relies on herself the whole time. D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述 Merebeth 从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专家。 【1 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做了 10 年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，Merebeth 之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选 D。 【2 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线词的意思是“渴 望去不同的地方旅行”。故选 D。 【3 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth 在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选 C。 【点睛】 B The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world. Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century earlier. "It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modern America. Klein, a noted historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel. The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they put it to more uses than anyone else. " Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home. Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power delivery. To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one. 4. What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity? A. It is closely linked to the steam age. B. It began earlier than proper thought. C. It is a little-studied period of history. D. It will come to an end sooner or later. 5. What can be inferred about Ned? A. He was born in New York City. B. He wrote many increasing stories, C. He created an electricity company. D. He lived mainly in the 19th century. 6. What is the text? A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report. 【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。 【4 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在 Klein 看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选 A。 【5 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein 创造了一个人物 Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity.”（同时，在 19 世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned 见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在 19 世纪。故选 D。 【6 题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative into an interesting one.”（为了构建他的故事，克莱因创造了奈德这个角色，一个虚构的人物，在一个人的一生中见证了蒸汽和电力革命给美国带来的进步。这是一种有助于将长篇故事 变得有趣的技巧。）可知，这篇文章是一篇书评。故选 B。 【点睛】 C The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women. Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said : "These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. " For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts. A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other cardiovascular problems. These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness. "However this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups. 7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph? A. Positive effects of doing exercises. B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged. C. Experimental studies on diseases. D. Advantages of sporty woman over man 8. Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise? A. To predict their maximum heart rate. B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity C. To change their habits of working out D. To detect their potential health problems 9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study? A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B. Data collection was a lengthy process. C. Some participants withdrew from it. D. The results were far from satisfactory. 10. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness 【答案】7. A 8. B 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时罹患失智症的几率会大大降低。 【7 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近 90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）可知，第一段提到了健身锻炼的好处。故选 A 项。 【8 题详解】 细节理解题。根据上文“These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.”（这些发现令人兴奋，因为在中年时改善人们的心血管健康可能会延缓甚至防止他们患上痴呆症。）以及本段“For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.”（在这项研究中，191 名平均年龄为 50 岁的女性进行了自行车运动测试，直到她们精疲力竭，以测量她们的心血管峰值能力。）可知，做这项实验的目的是为了测试女性的心血管峰值能力。故选 B 项。 【9 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.”（这些女性在随后的四十年里测试了六次失智症状况。）可知，此次实验的数据收集是一个长期的过程。故选 B 项。 【10 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia （失智症） in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.”（新的研究人员发现，身体健康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近 90%，而且确实如此，与不太喜欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。）以及文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患失智症的几率会大大降低。故选 C项。 【点睛】 第二节（共 5 小题;每小题 2 分满分 10 分） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11 Pick the most important. 12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle I want. Combine your activities. Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13 Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find people in your company who share common interest