2012年高考英语真题（天津自主命题）（解析版）.doc

2012年天津市高考英语试卷解析版 参考答案与试题解析 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项． 1．（1分）﹣﹣﹣Can I have a day off tomorrow，Mr．Johnson？ ﹣﹣﹣__________．I can manage without you．（　　） A．Forget it B．I'm afraid not C．It depends D．Of course 【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：﹣﹣约翰逊先生，明天我可以请一天的假吗？ ﹣﹣当然可以，没有你我能应付． 【解答】答案D．A项"休想；算了吧"；B项"我恐怕不行"；C项"视情况而定"；D项"当然"；根据答语中"I can manage without you"可知，明天没有你我能应付，说明是同意对方请假．因此D项符合语境，故选D． 【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆． 2．（1分）The letters for the boss___________ on his desk but he didn't read them until three later．（　　） A．were put B．was put C．put D．has put 【考点】F4：一般过去时的被动语态．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：给老板的那些信（被）放在他的办公桌上，但他直到三天后才读． 【解答】答案A 此处The letters 和put之间是被动关系．由but he didn't read可知，应该用过去式，即：一般过去时的被动语态． 故选：A． 【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态．主要看句子的主语和动词之间是主动还是被动关系，然后再根据时间状语确定时态． 3．（1分）You were working too hard．You'd better keep a ________between work and relaxation．（　　） A．promise B．lead C．balance D．diary 【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：你工作太卖力了．你最好在工作和休息之间保持平衡． 【解答】答案C A项"许诺，承诺"； B项"领导，榜样"；C项"平衡"；D项"日记"．由句意可知"是在工作和休息之间保持平衡"．故选C项． 【点评】考查名词词义辨析．要掌握每一个名词的意思，然后再根据句意选择合适的名词即可． 4．（1分）The dog may be a good companion for the old．_______，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage．（　　） A．Besides． B．However C．Therefore D．Instead． 【考点】91：并列连词．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：狗对老年人来说可能是好伙伴．然而，遛狗可能会很不方便． 【解答】答案：B　A项"除…之外"；B项"然而"；C项"因此"；D项"相反的"．前一句有good，后一句又有disadvantage．前后意思转折，应该用转折连词．故选B项． 【点评】考查连词．主要要弄清每一个连词的意思，然后再根据句意选择合适的连词即可． 5．（1分）﹣﹣﹣You have to believe in yourself．No one else will，if you don't． ﹣﹣﹣__________．Confidence is really important．（　　） A．It's not my cup of tea B．That's not the point C．I don't think so D．I couldn't agree more 【考点】JI：语言交际．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：﹣﹣﹣你必须要相信你自己．如果你不相信你自己，就没有人能相信（你）． ﹣﹣﹣我非常赞同．信心真的很重要． 【解答】答案D．A项"那不是我感兴趣的"；B项"那不是问题的关键"；C项"我不这么认为"；D项"我完全赞同"；根据答语中"Confidence is really important"可知，相信自己（对自己有信心）是很重要的，与上句中所表达的观点"You have to believe in yourself"是一致的．也就是说完全赞同对方所表达的观点．因此D项符合语境，故选D． 【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆． 6．（1分）Only after Mary read her composition the second time_________ the spelling mistake．（　　） A．did she notice B．she noticed C．does she notice D．she has noticed 【考点】GB：倒装句．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：只有当玛丽第二次读了她的作文后，她才注意到拼写错误． 【解答】答案A 此处是部分倒装．因为"Only+状语"置于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即：用一般疑问句的语序．排除B、D两项．由于句子是一般过去式，所以选A项． 【点评】考查倒装．只要掌握在哪几种情况下用部分倒装即可．此题是"Only+状语"置于句首，句子部分倒装．特别要注意的是"Only+主语"置于句首，句子不到装． 7．（1分）I wish to thank Professor Smith，without_______help I would never have got this far．（　　） A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 【考点】58：连接代词；H2：非限制性定语从句．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意为：我希望感谢史密斯教授，要是没有了他的帮助，我不可能走这么远． 【解答】答案：B 本题定语从句的先行词是Professor Smith，在定语从句中，关系代词应该指代先行词，并在从句中作为help的定语．选项中只有whose可以放在名词前面做定语． 故选：B． 【点评】解答定语从句的关键是 分析句子成分，如果定语从句的句子成分很完整就使用关系副词；如果句子缺少主语，宾语，表语或者定语的时候就使用关系代词．同时也要注意一些关系词的特殊用法，尤其是that的特殊用法，既要注意普遍性，也要注意特殊性．特别关注：Whose是可以放在名词前面做定语的关系代词，如果缺少定语，用whose引导定语从句，或是of which the+名词/the+名词+of which．要特别注意which引导非限制性短语从句的用法． 8．（1分）It's quite warm here； we __________turn the heating on yet．（　　） A．couldn't B．mustn't C．needn't D．wouldn't 【考点】A6：情态动词；G4：否定句．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意为：今天这里相当暖和，我们没必要开暖气． 【解答】答案：C 根据上文"这里相当暖和"，可以推知下文应该是：我们没必要开暖气．couldn't不可能；mustn't禁止；needn't不需要；wouldn't不会．根据语境，本题应该选择C． 【点评】考查情态动词要注意句子所表达的含义中含有什么样的语气． 9．（1分）It doesn't matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing﹣﹣﹣both roads lead to the park．（　　） A．whether B．how C．if D．when 【考点】92：从属连词．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：你在十路口向右拐还是向左拐都没关系﹣﹣两条路都可以到达公园． 【解答】答案：A 此题考查主语从句．It是形式主语，真正的主语是whether引导的从句．和or连用时，用whether引导主语从句．if作"是否"讲时，不引导主语从句． 故选：A． 【点评】考查主语从句．主要要记住引导主语从句的连词，然后根据句意选择连词即可． 10．（1分）The secretary arranged a（n）___________time and space for the applicants to have an interview．（　　） A．important B．spare C．public D．convenient 【考点】64：形容词词意辨析．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：秘书为申请人安排了合适的被采访的时间和地点． 【解答】答案：D A项"重要的"； B项"闲暇的，多余的"；C项"公众的"；D项"方便的，便利的"．由句意可知，此处是指"方便的时间和地点"．故选D项． 【点评】考查形容词词义辨析．要掌握每一个形容词的意思，然后再根据句意选择合适的形容词即可． 11．（1分）He got up late and hurried to his office，_________the breakfast untouched．（　　） A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【考点】B3：现在分词；HJ：结果状语从句．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：他起床晚了，然后匆匆忙忙地去了办公室，没有吃早饭． 【解答】答案：C 此处是现在分词作结果状语．由于got up late 所以"没吃早饭"，这是自然而然的结果，用现在分词做结果状语．而不定式也可以做结果状语，只是表示"出乎意料"的结果． 故选：C． 【点评】考查现在分词作结果状语．主要要区分开与不定式作作结果状语的不同．现在分词做结果状语表示自然而然的结果；而不定式做结果状语，只是表示"出乎意料"的结果． 12．（1分）The three of us___________around Europe for about a month last summer．（　　） A．travelled B．have travelled C．had travelled D．travel 【考点】E2：一般过去时．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意：去年我们当中的三个人在欧洲旅行了大约一个月． 【解答】答案：A 由时间状语last summer．可知，动词应该用一般过去式，指发生在过去的动作．故选A项． 【点评】考查一般过去式．主要掌握一般过去式的定义及一些时间状语即可． 13．（1分）Parents and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand each other better．（　　） A．open B．narrow C．widen D．leave 【考点】A8：实义动词．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意为：家长和孩子应该多交流，来缩小他们之间的代沟，以便他们能够更好地理解彼此． 【解答】答案：B open意思是"打开"，narrow形容词的意思是"狭窄的"，作为动词意思是"（使） 变窄，缩小"，widen意思是"拓宽"，leave意思是"离开"． 根据下文"so that they can understand each other better．"可知，家长和孩子之间应该缩小他们之间的代沟，所以本题应该选择B． 【点评】了解各个选项的词义，再结合句意选择正确的选项． 14．（1分）Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony．（　　） A．while B．when C．where D．though 【考点】HI：地点状语从句．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意为：为了毕业典礼，一切东西都已精确地放在了他想要地方． 【解答】答案：C 根据 was placed （被放在）可知其后为地点状语，where引导地点状语从句，在从句中作地点状语，这里缺少地点状语"所放的位置"，故C项符合语境． 故选：C． 【点评】分析句子中主句和从句之间的关系，特别是主句中的谓语动词，然后根据需要选择适当连词． 15．（1分）We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold __________us a ride home．（　　） A．didn't offer B．wouldn't offer C．hasn't offered D．hadn't offered 【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．菁优网版权所有 【分析】句意为：昨天要不是Harold载我们回家，我们可能就叫出租车了． 【解答】答案：D 主句中的谓语"would have called a taxi"表示本句所表达的内容与过去事实相反，从句中应该用过去完成时．所以本题选择D． 【点评】考查此类题型，需要理解表示于过去事实相反的假设中的句型结构．句型：条件从句：过去完成时；主句：should（would）have+过去分词 第二节：完形填空（共1小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分） 16．（30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项． I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it，when I was 13．My parents took us there for camping．On the way out，I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1Capitan，a（16）　B　 rock of 3，300feet straight up．I touched that giant rock and knew（17）　A　 I wanted to climb it．That has been my life's passion （钟爱） ever since﹣﹣﹣（18）　D　 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite．I've long made Yosemite my （19）　B　． About 15years ago I started seeing a lot of（20）　C　，like toilet paper，beer cans，and empty boxes，around the area．It's（21）　A　 me why visitors started respecting the place（22）　C　 and treated such a beautiful home﹣like place this way． I tried （23）　B　 trash（垃圾）myself，but the job was too big．I would （24）　D　an hour or two on the job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later．Finally，I got so（25）　C　 it that I decided something had to change． As a rock﹣climbing guide，I knew（26）　D　about organizing any big event．But in 2004，together with some climbers，I set a date for a（27）　A　．On that day，more than 300people （28）　B　．Over three days we collected about 6，000pounds of trash．It was amazing how much we were able to（29）　C　．I couldn't believe the（30）　D　 we made﹣﹣﹣the park looked clean! Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere．In 2007alone，2，945people picked up 42，330pounds of trash and（31）　C　 132miles of roadway． I often hear people（32）　B　 about their surroundings．If you are one of them，I would say the only way to change things is by（33）　A　 rather than complaining．We need to teach by （34）　C　．You can't blame others（35）　D　 you start with yourself． 16．A．distant B．huge C．narrow D．loose 17．A．immediately B．finally C．gradually D．recently 18．A．imagining B．painting C．describing D．climbing 19．A．garden B．home C．lab D．palace 20．A．material B．resources C．waste D．goods 21．A．beyond B．against C．over D．within 22．A．more B．most C．less D．least 23．A．throwing away B．picking up C．breaking down D．digging out 24．A．kill B．save C．wait D．spend 25．A．satisfied with B．delighted in C．tired of D．used to 26．A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 27．A．cleanup B．party C．picnic D．concert 28．A．dropped out B．showed up C．looked around D．called back 29．A．demand B．receive C．accomplish D．overcome 30．A．plan B．visit C．contact D．difference 31．A．crossed B．measured C．covered D．designed 32．A．talk B．complain C．argue D．quarrel 33．A．doing B．thinking C．questioning D．watching 34．A．method B．explanation C．example D．research 35．A．although B．if C．when D．useless 【考点】L1：记叙文；MB：健康环保类阅读；N3：上下文逻辑推测．菁优网版权所有 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．文章讲述了"我"把Yosemite National Park当做自己的家．当"我"看到里面有大量的垃圾时，开始是自己，后来组织大家捡垃圾．由此"我"明白改变事情的方法是动手去做，而不是抱怨． 【解答】答案：16﹣﹣﹣20 BADBC 21﹣﹣﹣25 ACBDC 26﹣﹣﹣30 DABCD 31﹣﹣﹣35 CBACD16．B．从下文的thatgrant rock可知选B． 17．A．immediately立即，马上．句意：我触摸到那块巨石时，立刻知道我想攀登它． 18．D．根据17空后的climb可知． 19．B．根据22空后的such a beautiful home﹣like place可知． 20．C．根据like 后面列举的内容可知． 21．A．beyond超出．句意：我不理解游客为什么不爱护这个地方… 22．C．根据上文游客在这样一个美丽的地方丢弃大量的垃圾，故选less． 23．B．根据上文，我看到游客丢垃圾很心痛，于是自己去捡起那些游客丢弃的垃圾．pike up 捡起；throwaway 扔掉；breakdown出故障，抛锚；谈判破裂； digout发掘、找到． 24．D．花费时间做某事用spend sometime on sth．故选D． 25．C．根据上文的"…only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later"，以及下文的"…that I decided something had to change"可知作者自己疲惫了单独捡垃圾． 26．D．根据下一句"but"后的内容，可知此句意思为作者不知道如何组织大型活动． 27．A．根据下文中的超过三百多人参加捡垃圾以及下一段中的"each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere"，可知此处选A（清扫）． 28．B．根据下一句"over three days we collected about 6，000 pounds of trash"可知"那一天，超出三百多人参加了清扫垃圾的活动"，故选B（出席，到场）． 29．C．根据上一句"over three days we collected about 6，000 pounds of trash"可知选C（完成）． 30．D．根据破折号后的"the park looked clean"可知，因为我们把公园里的垃圾捡完了，公园变得干净了，与以前不同了，故选D． 31．C．此句的意思是"单独2007一年中，2，945 个人捡了42，330磅垃圾，覆盖了132英里的路面"． 32．B．根据33空后的"complain"可知选B． 33．A．此句意思是"我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做，而不是抱怨"，故选A． 34．C．句意为"我们需要榜样"，故选C． 35．D．句意为"我们不能责备别人，除非以身作则"，故选D． 【点评】做完形填空时，要了解完形填空题的设空原则，用正确的思维解题，不抠字词用法，不断章取义．先浏览全文，概括大意，然后再根据对上下文文意的理解和行文逻辑的把握来答题． 第二部分：阅读理解（共4小题；每小题2.5分，满分49.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项． 17．（12.5分）Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe，controlled manner on campus（校园）．Obey rules and regulations．Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists，and always use your lights in dark conditions． Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack﹣﹣﹣even if you are only away for a minute．Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety．It's fast，easy，and free．Registration permanently records your serial number，which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen． Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly． Helmet A necessity，make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly． Lights Always have a front headlight﹣﹣﹣visible at least 500feet in front of the bike．A taillight is a good idea． Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider，you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths．Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine．The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph，unless otherwise posted．Always give the right of ways to walkers．If you are involved in an accident，you are required to offer appropriate aid，call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go． Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes．Trees，handrails，hallways，and sign posts are not for bicycle parking，and parking in such posts can result in a fine． If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules，you will be fined．Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus，you could be fined for： No bicycle registration﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣25dollars Bicycleparkivngbanned﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣30dollars Blocking path with bicycle﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣40dollars Violationofbicycleequipmentrequirement﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣﹣35dollars 36．Registration of your bicycle may help you　A　． A．find your stolen bicycle B．get your serial number C．receive free repair services D．settle conflicts with walkers 37．According to the passage，what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders？　D　． A．Brakes． B．A helmet． C．A headlight． D．A taillight． 38．When you ride a bicycle on the campus，　C　． A．ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B．cycle at a speed of over 15mph C．put the walkers'right of way first D．call the police before leaving in a case of accident 39．If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus，you could be fined　B　． A.25 B.30 C.35 D.40 40．What is the passage mainly about？　A　 A．A guide for safe bicycling on campus． B．Directions for bicycle tour on campus． C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus． D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus． 【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P4：逻辑推理．菁优网版权所有 【分析】本文讲述的主要是在校园里要安全使用自行车，以及校园内骑自行车时要遵守的交通规则．首先为了防盗，要对使用的自行车进行登记；其次，必须得保证自行车的刹车性能良好，要调整好刹车；必须配有头盔，并且确保头盔符合当前的安全标准以及大小要合适；自行车必须得有一个前大灯，可见度至少要能照到自行车前500英尺．校园骑车的交通规则：只能在街道上或标有自行车标记的路上骑车，违者将罚款；并且限速每小时不能超过15英里，要给步行者让路；一旦发生了事故，需要提供适当的帮助，保护好现场，并且电话报警，等到警察允许了才能离开．要将自行车停在校园内的预留位置，禁止乱停乱放，否则会导致罚款．最后还规定了各种罚款的细则． 【解答】36 A 细节理解题．根据Theft Prevention部分中的"Registration permanently records…in the possible recovery of the bike stolen．"自行车登记可以永久记录你的序列号，这样会对被盗自行车有可能失而复得有用．所以给自行车登记可以帮你找到丢失的自行车，故选A． 37 D 细节理解题．根据Equipment部分，"Brakes Make sure that…Helmet A necessity，make sure…Lights Always have a front headlight…A taillight is a good idea．"文中提到：必须得保证刹车性能良好，要调整好刹车；头盔是必需品，确保你的头盔符合当前的安全标准并且尺寸合适；自行车总得要有一个前大灯，可见度至少能照到自行车前500英尺；因此以上配套都是必须的．所以A．B．C都不正确．根据"A taillight is a good idea．安装一个尾灯也不错．"可知，可以自愿安装尾灯，它不是必需的．故选D． 38 C 细节理解题．根据"Riding on Campus"部分中的"Always give the right of ways to walkers"可知，在校园骑车时，总是要给步行者让路．所以"要将给步行者让路放在首位"是正确的．故选C． 39 B 细节理解题．根据"Bicycle Parking"部分中的"Trees，handrails…result in a fine．树木、扶手、走廊、和标志杆，这些地方不允许停放自行车，否则会导致罚款"以及"Bicycle parking banned﹣﹣﹣﹣30dollars"违章停放自行车﹣﹣﹣罚款30美元．所以将自行车停在树下会罚款30美元，故选B． 40 A 　主旨大意题．A．自行车校园安全指南；B．自行车校园之旅；C．校园自行车比赛规则；D．校园骑摩托车的规定；通读全文可知：本文讲述的主要是在校园里安全使用自行车，以及校园内骑自行车时要遵守的交通规则．所以A是正确的．故选A． 【点评】做阅读理解题时，首先要快速浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；然后结合后面的题目，进行有针对性的细节阅读． 18．（12.5分）Barditch High School decided to an All﹣School Reunion．Over 450 people came to the event．There were tours of the old school building and a picnic at Confederate Park．Several former teachers were on hands to tell stories about the old days．Ms．Mabel Yates，the English teacher for fifty years，was wheeled to the Park． Some eyes rolled and there were a few low groans（嘟囔声）when Ms．Yates was about to speak．Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from and old woman who had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined． Then Ms．Yates started to speak： "I can't tell you how pleased I am to be here．I haven't seen many of you since your graduation，but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies．I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students．Although I haven't appeared in person，I have attended your college graduations，weddings and even the b