2021年高考英语真题（北京自主命题）（解析版）.docx

2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 北京卷·英语 本试卷共11页，共100分．考试时长90分钟． 考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效． 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回． 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． Recently，I took a trip home by train．I got a seat opposite a middle-aged man with sharp eyes，who kept____1____a young woman in a window seat with a little boy on her lap．The woman's eye fell on the man's face，and she immediately looked down and____2____her scarf． As the night wore on，people began to close their eyes，but the seats were so uncomfortable that only a very heavy sleeper could manage to get any____3____．The woman looked over at the man．He was still staring at her．She looked back at him with fire in her eyes．I was beginning to get____4____，too． The train moved on．The little boy was ____5____ awake on his mother's lap，but the woman dropped off to sleep．A moment later，he began to____6____the half-open window—one leg went over it．The man jumped up and ____7____the child just before he fell out． The____8____ woke up the woman．She seemed to be in____9____，and then reality dawned （显现）．“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her. ．“So I have been watching the whole time．”The woman was _____10_____，and so was I． 1. A. guiding B. bothering C. watching D. monitoring 2. A. adjusted B. changed C. packed D. waved 3. A. air B. joy C. space D. rest 4. A. nervous B. embarrassed C. angry D. disappointed 5. A. almost B. still C. hardly D. even 6. A. drag B. climb C. knock D. push 7. A. grabbed B. rocked C. touched D. picked 8. A. alarm B. quarrel C. risk D. noise 9. A. sorrow B. relief C. panic D. pain 10. A. astonished B. confused C. concerned D. inspired 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. A 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了火车上一位男子救下了爬上窗户的顽皮孩子的善举，最初孩子的母亲因为男子总是盯着他们，对男子的第一印象不好，而最后得知原因十分惊讶。故事告诉我们很多事情不能只看表面。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在一位中年男子对面的座位上，他目光敏锐，一直在注视着一位坐在靠窗座位上的年轻女子，她的腿上坐着一个小男孩。A. guiding 带领；B. bothering 打扰；C. watching 看着； D. monitoring监控。根据上文“with sharp eyes”（有着敏锐的目光）以及下文第二段“He was still staring at her．”（他仍然盯着她看。）可知，中年男子一直在看着女子，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：女人的目光落在了男人的脸上，她立刻低下头，整理了一下围巾。A. adjusted 调整；B. changed改变； C. packed 包装 ；D. waved 挥动，根据空格处and 前的动词低下头和空格后的围巾，可知女人因为感到尴尬而低头故意整理围巾，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：夜渐渐深了，人们开始闭上眼睛，但座位太不舒服了，只有睡得很沉的人才能设法休息。A. air 空气；B. joy 娱乐；C. space 空间；D. rest 休息。根据空格前点明时间是夜晚了和后面睡得很沉的人，可知是为了获得一些休息。故选D。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也开始生气了。 A. nervous 紧张的；B. embarrassed 尴尬的；C. angry生气的；D. disappointed 失望的。根据with fire in her eyes以及空格后too，可知“我”和女人的情绪是一样愤怒生气的，故选C。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：小男孩躺在妈妈的腿上还醒着，但是妈妈已经睡着了。A. almost 几乎；B. still 仍然；C. hardly几乎不；D. even甚至。根据but the woman dropped off to sleep，可知母亲已经睡着，男孩是醒着的，推断出来是仍然醒着的。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：过了一会儿，他开始爬上半开着的窗户——一条腿跨过了窗户。A. drag拖拉；B. climb 爬上；C. knock敲打；D. push推动。根据空格后one leg went over it，可知小孩是在爬窗户，脚才迈了出去，故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在孩子掉下去之前，那人跳起来抓住了他。A. grabbed 抓着；B. rocked 摇晃；C. touched 接触；D. picked挑选。根据before he fell out可知，男人跳起来是为了阻止孩子掉下去，所以要抓住他，故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：噪音把那个女人吵醒了。A. alarm 闹钟；B. quarrel吵架；C. risk 风险；D. noise噪音。根据上文The man jumped up and grabbed the child just before he fell out可知，男人和孩子一定是弄出了很大的动静和声音，故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她似乎在恐慌，然后明白过来。A. sorrow悲伤；B. relief减轻；C. panic恐慌； D. pain痛苦。根据上文可知，女人一醒来看到男人抓着自己的孩子，女人对男人的印象不好，因此作为母亲一定是很恐慌的，故选C。 【10题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：女人很惊讶，我也很惊讶。A. astonished惊讶；B. confused 困惑的；C. concerned 关心的；D. inspired受到鼓舞的。根据空格前的对话“Your child has been looking for an opportunity to climb out of the window，”the man said as he gave the child back to her..“So I have been watching the whole time.”(“你的孩子一直在找机会爬出窗户，”男人说着把孩子还给了她。“所以我一直在看。”),可知女人对男人的印象不好，但是男人却救了他们的孩子，所以最后女人是感到意外和惊讶的，故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____ (idea)．Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything ____12____ happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it ____13____ (connect) things，your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream． 【答案】11. ideas 12. that 13. connects 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。 【11题详解】 考查可数名词的数。句意：科学家们还不能完全确定，他们有不同的想法。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”，形容词作定语，后接可数名词复数；idea想法，可数名词。故填ideas。 【12题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：当你睡觉时，你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切，试图将新经历与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知，空处需用连接词引导定语从句，先行词是不定代词everything，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以此处需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故填that。 【13题详解】 考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Sam is an in-real-life streamer（播主），and he live streams himself just going about his day．While riding his bike home ____14____ a cold night，he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself．The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ____15____ she lived．Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ____16____（safe） wait for the police to take her home． 【答案】14. on 15. where 16. safely 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了生活博主Sam救助一个老妇人的故事。 【14题详解】 考查介词。句意：在一个寒冷的夜晚，当他骑着自行车回家时，他遇到了一个看起来悲伤的老妇人独自在街上游荡。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。故填on。 【15题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：这个可怜的老妇人不能说清楚她住在哪里。介词about后是宾语从句，根据句意，此处用where“在哪里；……的地方”符合句意，从句中作地点状语，故填where。 【16题详解】 考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 There ____17____(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,____18____(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,____19____(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need ____20____ (invest) in disaster prevention. 【答案】17. has been 18. caused 19. resulting 20. to invest 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章指出过去20年里，极端天气事件数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的，引发重大自然灾害，造成了极大的经济损失，因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。 【17题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语over the past 20 years可知，此处使用现在完成时，a dramatic rise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has been。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events与cause是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填caused。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：2000年至2019年，全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起，造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系，且表示一种自然的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填resulting。 【20题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：研究结果表明，急需投资于灾害预防。根据语境可知，此处表示未来的动作，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to invest。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． A If you are planning to start a career in the field of education，science，or culture，then an internship（实习） at UNESCO will be ideal for you． Who can apply？ l You have completed your full-time university studies；or． l You are studying in a graduate program for a master's degree． l Applicants in technical assignments must have reached the last year of their studies in a technical institution． What are the requirements？ l You must be at least 20 years old． l You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French． l You must have an excellent knowledge of office-related software． l You should be able to work well in a team and adapt to an international working environment． l You should possess strong interpersonal and communication skills． What do you need to prepare？ l Visa：You should obtain the necessary visas． l Travel：You must arrange and finance your travel to and from the location where you will do your internship． l Medical insurance：You must show proof of a comprehensive health insurance valid（有效的）in the target country for the entire period of the internship．UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period． l Medical certificate：You must provide a medical certificate indicating you are fit to work． l Motivation letter：You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form． Your application will be accessed by UNESCO managers and will stay in our database for six months．We do not respond to every candidate．If selected，you will be contacted by a manager．If you do not receive any update within six months，it means that your application has not been successful． 21. According to this passage，applicants are required to________． A. hold a master's degree in science B. have international work experience C. be fluent in either English or French D. present a letter from a technical institution 22. What will UNESCO provide for the internship period？ A. Limited medical insurance coverage． B. Training in communication skills． C. A medical certificate for work． D. Financial support for travel． 23. What should applicants do before filling out the application form？ A. Contact UNESCO managers． B. Get access to the database． C. Keep a motivation letter at hand． D. Work in a team for six months． 【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是联合国教科文组织的实习项目。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据What are the requirements？部分的You should have a good command （掌握） of either English or French（你应该精通英语或法语）可知，申请者必须精通英语或法语，故选C。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据What do you need to prepare？部分的UNESCO will provide limited insurance coverage up to USD30,000 for the internship period（联合国教科文组织将为实习期间提供不超过3万美元的有限保险）可知，教科文组织为实习期间提供有限的医疗保险，故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的You should have your motivation letter ready before filling out the application form（在填写申请表之前，你应该准备好你的动机信）可知，在填写申请表之前，申请人应将动机信放在手边，故选C。 B I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期） project of volunteering at a non-profit organization．When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind． Then，an OIC representative gave us some details，which somewhat interested me．After doing some research， I believed that we could really do something for those kids．When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible，and make them into kits——one kit，one child． The most rewarding day for our group was project day，when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together．When I saw the various supplies we had collected，it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child．Over the past four months，I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed．While making the kits，I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it．I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on．When the kits were completed，and ready to be sent overseas，the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget． In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education． 24. How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning？ A. It would affect his/her initial plans． B. It would involve traveling overseas． C. It would not bring him/her a good grade． D. It would not live up to his/her expectations． 25. What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project？ A. Images of Iraqi children． B. Research by his/her classmates． C. A teacher's introduction． D. A representative's comments． 26. The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to________．. A. become OIC volunteers B. further their education C. study in foreign countries D. influence other children 27. What can we conclude from this passage？ A. One's potential cannot always be underrated． B. First impression cannot always be trusted． C. Actions speak louder than words． D. He who hesitates is lost． 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 27. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者一开始认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help，my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children （OIC）．My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（当老师向我们介绍了需要我们帮助的不同组织时，我最后的选择是伊拉克儿童行动(OIC)。我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动项目不会达到他的期望。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“When I went online to the OIC website，I saw pictures of the Iraqi children．Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望） and need that I joined this project without hesitation．”（当我上网访问OIC 网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸上传递的信息是绝望和需要帮助，我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。）可知，伊拉克儿童图片帮助作者改变了他对这个项目的态度。故选A。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，作者的伊拉克儿童行动组织帮助十个伊拉克儿童继续接受教育。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind．”（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）和最后一段“In the beginning，I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person．Now that our project is over，I realize that I have affected not only one life，but ten．With our efforts，ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education．”（一开始，我鼓励自己去改变另一个人的生活。现在我们的项目结束了，我意识到我不仅影响了一个人的生活，而且影响了十个人的生活。在我们的努力下，十名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知，一开始作者认为加入伊拉克儿童行动不会达到他的期望，但是最后通过努力对自己和他人带来影响，说明第一印象不总是可信的。故选B。 【点睛】 C Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse. Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”. A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway. The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets w