2018年上海高考（春考)英语真题及答案.doc

绝密★启用前 2018年1月上海普通高等招生统一考试 英语试卷 （满分150分，考试时间120分钟） 考生注意： 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。 1. Listening Comprehension Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speaks. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Her working all day long. B. The family reunion. C. The annoying housework. D. The intense schedule. 2. A. The kids were frightened by the movie. B. The kids enjoyed the movie. C. The movie is not suitable for kids to see. D. The movie is quite boring. 3. A. She is drinking tea at a table. B. She is interested in reading magazines. C. She likes the pictures in the magazines. D. She doesn’t know any Chinese. 4. A. Supermarket. B. Drug store. C. Barber shop. D. Shopping center. 5. A. He likes cooking food himself. B. He thinks frozen food is healthier. C. He accepts the woman’s invitation. D. He prefers to buy frozen food. 6. A. A full-time student. B. An exchange student. C. A visiting scholar. D. A part-time student. 7. A. She is bossy. B. She is shy. C. She is arrogant (傲慢的). D. She is trustworthy. 8. A. He’s a teacher. B. He’s a writer. C. He's a businessman. D. He’s a journalist. 9. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours. 10. A. The bad weather stopped him. B. His shoes were worn out. C. He didn’t like the biking trip. D. He’s too tired to continue. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation .After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several question. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the question will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. They became more active in water. B. Symptoms of depression disappeared. C. Their digestion developed. D. They suffered from depression. 12. A. Neon lights. B. Kindle screens. C. Overweight. D. Closed window curtains. 13. A. Turn off all the electronic devices. B. Read a book and drink some water. C. Take some sleep pills. D. Go on a diet and lose some weight. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. 71 % of the poor live a day with less than ten dollars. B. The population of people live in poverty has decreased in the past decade. C. Economic growth has made global poverty worse than before. D. The middle class are now one step away from poverty. 15. A. The middle class has expanded in the 111 countries. B. The number of middle class has increased but it is not a global phenomenon. C. Great progress has been made for the people in poverty with impressive results. D. Once getting out of poverty, those people will live a better life. 16. A. The middle class would not allow those poor to make a better living. B. Whatever progress is made, nothing will be changed. C. Good changes are too tiny to make those poor live a totally different life. D. Developed countries suffer from the question from both poverty and the middle class. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. A thunderstorm accident. B. A cable emergency. C. An appointment on Saturday. D. A computer system breakdown. 18. A. Lightning. B. Power failure. C. Cable cut. D. System failure. 19. A. Plug the TV off. B. Keep the cable connected. C. Stay at home. D. Call the cable center for sure. 20. A. On Saturday morning. B. On Saturday afternoon. C. On Tuesday morning. D. On Tuesday afternoon. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A  Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. My Kid-Free Life I had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ________ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ________ (little) laundry. When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) ________ (spend) all the hours before they were born. (24) ________ ________ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs. I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射)？Will they remember the talks about “good choices”? On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ________ vigorously they grow without me. Do I miss them? Yes. Both more and less than I’d guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life? No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) ________ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ________ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now. The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, “I’m sure you will figure it out.” And yet, the spaces (28) ________ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I’ve found. I now have the chance (29) ________ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create. The rooms (30) ________ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back. My home is empty. But overflowing. Section B   Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. Address B. fascination C. governed D. imposing E. offensive F. originally G. overlooking H. rebellion I. reminder J. randomly K. swept Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress (堡垒）, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both(31) ________ and well-fortified the classic European castle is the pinnacle (小尖顶）of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed，and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the (32) ________ of our culture. Castles were (33) ________ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror (34) ________ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English (35) ________. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both (36) ________ and defensive roles in military operations. Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from Which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom(领地). That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they (37) ________ and paid tribute to the lord. They would (38) ________ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites (39) ________ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants’ lives and served as a daily (40) ________ of the lord’s strength. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Humans hate markedly to give workers more than they deserve；and indeed many will settle for less to compensate work equitably. But is this impulse (41) ________ ? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Schafer in Germany. According to Schafer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different (42) ________ think about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the (43) ________ of children, four to 11 years old, in three different cultures. The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted—without adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should (44) ________ the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one (45 ) ________, but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch size—since no effort was involved. (46) ________matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study , as described in a forthcoming issue of the journal Psychological Science. The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to (47) ________, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from the two rural African forager(狩猎) societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that (48) ________ is culturally defined. But why? The scientists offer some (49) ________ on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is (50) ________ for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in the future. In small scale societies, (51) ________，most exchanges take place between people who are (52) ________ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity—rather than to insist on equity in a single transaction. In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom, (53) _______ is an important leveling mechanism, (54) ________ asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is (55) ________. 41. A. unblocked B. universal C. unconscious D. unique 42. A. cultures B. cases C. companies D. aspects 43. A. mood B. behavior C. emotion D. habit 44. A. collect B. load C. stress D. distribute 45. A. really B. deliberately C. equally D. happily 46. A. Scene B. Object C. Culture D. Trend 47. A. productivity B. benefit C. interest D. survey 48. A. tiredness B. business C. thickness D. fairness 49. A. feelings B. thoughts C. lives D. emotions 50. A. useful B. major C. small D. important 51. A. in a word B. in addition C. by contrast D. what’s more 52. A. familiar B. delighted C. satisfied D. same 53. A. cooperating B. smiling C. equaling D. sharing 54. A. forcing B. judging C. balancing D. experiencing 55. A. creative B. imaginary C. innovative D. logic Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) We Have a Painter to Thank for Yellowstone Before artist Thomas Moran set foot in the park, it was seen as unhappy place. After, it was marketed as a wonderland. Before Thomas Moran arrived, Yellowstone in the popular imagination was a harsh, wild place pocked with hellish geysers. After the painter’s work was finished, Yellowstone was established as a national park and marketed as a wonderland. In 1871 Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson had joined the first U. S. government survey of the region. For two weeks Moran filled a sketchbook with the landscape's most stunning sights. The survey results, Jackson’s photos, and Moran’s watercolors—the first color renderings of the area—were presented to Congress that fall. “The photographs were proof that what the artist was showing really existed,” says Eleanor Harvey, senior curator at the Smithsonian American Art Museum. In March 1872 lawmakers officially made Yellowstone a national park, the world’s first. By April, Moran had transformed some of his sketches into a 7-by-l2-foot painting. The gold- splattered valley and billowing Lower Falls of “The Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone” attracted the public. “It is too grand and wonderful for words,” declared the Ladies’ Repository that August, “and none can ever judge of its wonders from any engraving or photograph in mere black and white. Though Moran later painted Lake Superior, the Grand Canyon, and the Rockies, his reputation was so intertwined with Yellowstone that he took to signing his paintings “TYM,” for Thomas “Yellowstone” Moran. 56. What can we know about Yellowstone according to the passage? A. It was a popular park with geysers before Thomas Moran finished transformation. B. It was an imagination of a harsh and wild place. C. It became a national park with the efforts of Moran and Jackson. D. It is an attractive g