专题14 阅读理解（D篇）（教师版）.doc

更多资料添加微信号：DEM2008 淘宝搜索店铺：优尖升教育 网址： 九年级期末题型突破14 阅读理解（D篇） 阅读单选（D篇） 一 Tom Avery is one of the only 41 people ever to have reached both the South and North Poles. He was born in December 1975 and brought up in England, Brazil and France. His passion (强烈爱好) for adventure began when he was just seven years old and first read about the expeditions (探险) of famous explorers. Perhaps this was the start of his plan to put together the ultimate (终极的) journey — to the very top of the world, the North Pole, following the route taken by Robert Peary in his 1909 adventure. Both Peary and Avery set off from Cape Columbia in Canada. Peary had a larger team and in fact had four support groups. Every 160 kilometers, a group would leave plenty of food and then turn back. The team therefore got smaller the further north they travelled. While Avery didn’t have as many on his team, they did have food dropped by plane for them at four locations. Avery’s team also had the obvious benefit of modern technology, but Avery doesn’t believe this made a big difference. He credits (把……归功于) his team’s success to the 16 Inuit dogs that pull the sledges (雪橇). “It wouldn’t have been possible without them,” he said. “Your speed depends on the dogs and how quickly you can get a sledge through the ice.” His team were travelling at the end of winter and this meant that the ice was thinner and could easily break under a person’s weight. This was an added danger. Another difference between both men’s journeys was that Peary was far more experienced than Avery and had already been on several trips to the Arctic. Peary claimed (声称) to have reached the North Pole in 39 days, but some historians argue that this was not possible. Avery’s team actually beat this time and became the fastest to get there on foot. Avery says, “We told everyone we could do it and that we wouldn’t fail. But it certainly wasn’t easy.” 1．What is the purpose of the text? A．To explain why Avery and Peary travelled to the North Pole. B．To compare Avery and Peary’s personalities. C．To describe ways of reaching the North Pole. D．To describe two difficult journeys to the North Pole. 2．How did Peary’s North Pole expedition differ from Avery’s? A．Peary’s team was smaller than Avery’s. B．Avery’s team was offered food by air. C．Avery started from a different place. D．Peary took a very different route. 3．Avery believed that having modern technology ___________. A．slowed his team down B．improved the safety for the team C．wasn’t of great importance D．helped his team to travel faster 4．How did Avery feel about the Inuit dogs? A．He was very thankful to them. B．He would take more dogs next time. C．He was surprised at the speed of the dogs. D．He thought they were well-trained. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Great Danger in the Arctic! B．Record-breaking Journey to the North Pole C．How to Lead a Successful Team D．Finding a New Route to the Arctic 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 【分析】 本文介绍了汤姆·艾弗里沿着罗伯特·皮尔在1909年的冒险中所走的路线，踏上世界最高峰——北极。介绍了艾弗里和皮尔的共同点和不同之处。 1． 主旨题。本文介绍了艾弗里和皮尔北极之旅。可知本文的目的是描述两次前往北极的艰难旅程。故选D。 2． 细节题。根据第2段第1句可知“Both Peary and Avery set off from Cape Columbia in Canada.”可知Ｃ错误。根据第1段最后一句“Perhaps this was the start of his plan to put together the ultimate (终极的) journey — to the very top of the world, the North Pole, following the route taken by Robert Peary in his 1909 adventure.”可知D错误。根据第2段最后一句“While Avery didn’t have as many on his team, they did have food dropped by plane for them at four locations.”可知艾弗里的团队比皮尔里的小，艾弗里的团队由飞机提供食物。可知A错误，B正确。 3． 细节题。根据第3段第1句“Avery’s team also had the obvious benefit of modern technology, but Avery doesn’t believe this made a big difference.”可知艾弗里认为拥有现代技术并不重要。故选C。 4． 细节题。根据第3段第2句“He credits (把……归功于) his team’s success to the 16 Inuit dogs that pull the sledges (雪橇).”可知“他非常感谢因纽特人的狗。”故选A。 5． 最佳标题。本文介绍了登上北极的两个人汤姆·艾弗里和罗伯特·皮尔。在1909年的冒险中所走的路线，踏上世界最高峰——北极。介绍了艾弗里和皮尔的共同点和不同之处。可知课文的最佳标题《创纪录的北极之旅》。 二 The world's nights are getting surprisingly brighter. This is bad news for all kinds of creatures, including humans － as light pollution is becoming worse, taking away the darkness of night almost everywhere. Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's artificially-lit* outdoor area grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016. So did night time brightness. Light pollution was even worse than that, according to the German-led team, because satellites cannot observe some of the LED lighting, especially blue light. "Honestly, I had hoped that with LEDs we were improving the situation, for this new lighting technology has been developed to use less energy. But it turns out quite disappointing. ", said Kyba, the lead author of the study. "Asia, Africa and South America, for the most part, have seen an increase in artificial night lighting. The cities in developing nations are brightening quite rapidly. Other bright places include greenhouses in the Netherlands and areas of agriculture. More and more places are fixing outdoor lighting because of its low cost and the growth in communities' wealth," the scientists said. One of the co-authors, Franz Holker of the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin, said things were already in a terrible situation. "Many people are using light at night without really thinking about the cost," Holker said. "Not just the economic cost, but also the cost that you have to pay for environmental damage." The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious, according to the researchers. People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health. The life of birds, fish, insects and bats can be harmed. Plants can have longer growing periods. And people may forget about seeing stars or the Milky Way if the light pollution continues. Kyba and his team suggest avoiding bright lights whenever possible and using more useful ways to shine light on places such as parking lots or city streets. For example, dim, closely spaced lights can provide better visibility than bright lights that are more spread out. 6．Why is light pollution becoming worse according to the passage? A．Because LED lighting gives off blue light. B．Because there is increasing artificial lighting. C．Because people can pay for the electricity bill for home. D．Because scientists didn't suggest avoiding artificial lighting. 7．What can we learn from the passage? A．We can use bright lights in city streets. B．LED lighting can help reduce light pollution. C．Maybe we can't see the stars because of light pollution. D．The cities in developing nations don't fix outdoor lighting. 8．What does the underlined word "marred" probably mean? A．recorded B．controlled C．improved D．influenced 9．What's the best title of the passage? A．The Disadvantages of LEDs B．Brighter Nights Are Dangerous C．What Causes Light Pollution D．Ways to Reduce Light Pollution 【答案】 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 【分析】 本文主要介绍了光污染的问题。世界的夜晚越来越亮，这对包括人类在内的各种生物来说都是个坏消息。光污染影响人们的睡眠，损害人们的健康。影响动植物的正常的生活等。文章最后建议尽可能避免明亮的灯光，减少光污染对环境造成的危害。 6． 细节题。根据第2段第1句“Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's artificially-lit* outdoor area grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016.”可知“光污染越来越严重的原因是因为人工照明越来越多。”故选B。 7． 细节题。根据倒数第2段最后一句“And people may forget about seeing stars or the Milky Way if the light pollution continues.”可知也许因为光污染我们看不见星星。故选C。 8． 词意猜测题。recorded记录，记载；controlled控制；improved改进，改善，提高；influenced影响。根据上文“The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious, according to the researchers.（研究人员称，增加人工光的影响是显而易见的。）”可知此句“People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health.”句意是：人们的睡眠会受到影响，这反过来又会损害他们的健康。故下画线单词“marred”可能的意思是“影响”；故选D。 9． 主旨题。本文主要介绍了世界的夜晚越来越亮，这对包括人类在内的各种生物来说都是个坏消息。光污染影响人们的睡眠，损害人们的健康。影响动植物的正常的生活等。文章最后建议尽可能避免明亮的灯光，减少光污染对环境造成的危害。故这篇文章最好的标题是《明亮的夜晚是危险的》；故选B。 三 This painting is called The Fighting Temeraire. Temeraire is the name of the big, old sailing ship that you can see on the left of the picture. People chose this picture to be the greatest painting in Britain. J. M. W. Turner painted it in 1839. It shows the old sailing ship, the Temeraire, on the River Thames near London. There’s a small tugboat pulling the old ship. It’s in fact taking the Temeraire on its last journey. The old ship is going to the breaker’s yard. In the background we can see the sun setting. The picture, however, is more than just a painting of two boats in the evening. The artist wanted to show the end of an era (时代). The time of the beautiful, old sailing ships is coming to an end. That’s why we see this happening at sunset. In the little, brown tugboat we can see the new industrial era starting. The tugboat is small and dark and it’s making a lot of smoke, but it’s very strong, because it’s pulling the much bigger ship. The painting shows a real event. Turner watched the Temeraire taking its last journey up the Thames, but he changed some of the details. He painted the old ship white and gold so that it looks like a ghost. In fact, the real ship was black and yellow. We also see the sun setting behind the ship, but in fact, the ship travelled towards the sunset. However, Turner wanted to show the sun setting on the time of the beautiful old sailing ships. Turner painted The Fighting Temeraire when he was quite old, so perhaps he wanted to show the sun setting on his own life, too. He loved the painting and he never sold it. You can see it today in the National Gallery in London. 10．The Fighting Temeraire _______. A．is the name of a big sailing ship B．was thought the best painting in Britain C．shows two nice new ships D．was painted by a famous young artist 11．The old ship was pulled to the yard ______. A．to be painted new B．to be repaired C．to be broken up D．to be sold 12．What does the tugboat stand for according to the passage? A．The new industrial era. B．The beautiful old era. C．The painter’s own life. D．The white and gold ghost. 13．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A．The c