八年级英语下册学习资料.doc

新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结 Unti1 what’s the matter? 短语归纳 1. too much 太多 2.lie down 躺下 3. get an X-ray 做个X光检查 4.take one ’s temperature 量体温 5. put some medicine on ......在....上敷药 6.have a fever 发烧 7.take breaks /take a break 休息 8.without thinking twice 没多想 9. get off 下车 10.take sb to the hospital 送某人去医院 11.wait for等待 12.to one’s surprise 使.......惊讶的 thanks to多亏于；由于 14.in time及时 15. think about 考虑 16.have a heart problem患有心脏病 17. get into the trouble 遇到麻烦 18.do the right thing做正确的事情事情 19.fall down 摔倒 20.put ...... on sth把...放在某物上 21. get hit/sunburned 摔伤/烧伤 22.be interested in 对.....感兴趣 23. be used to 习惯于.... 24.take risks/take a risk 挑战 25.lose one’s life 失去生命 26.because of 因为 27.run out of 用完 28.cut off 切除 29.get out of 从...出来 30.make a decision/decisions 做决定 31. be in control of 掌管；管理 32.give up 放弃 用法归纳 1. need to do sth .需要去做某事 2.see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 3. ask sb sth 询问某人某事 4.expect sb to do sth 期望某人做某事 5. agree to do sth 想要做某事 6.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 7. want to do sth 想要做某事 8.tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 9. have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 10.use sth to do sth用某物去做某事 11. be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 12.seem to do sth 好像做某事 13. keep on doing sth 继续做某事 14.mind doing sth 介意做某事 语法点 1. 询问某人的健康问题及遇到麻烦的表达方法 2. 情态动词should的用法 情态动词should的用法 表示劝告与建议，也表义务与责任 第一人称问句中，征询建议要记清 3.不定代词的用法 相关阅读方法 推理判断阅读法 精细解读 1. What’s the matter (with you)? 怎么了？出什么事了？ What’s the trouble/ the problem / wrong with sb./ sth.? 2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu have a fever have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache头疼 3. 身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛 4. much too+ 词，意为 ，too much+ 词，意为 。 5. enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。 good enough足够好，enough money=money money 6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied 7. maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right. may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry. 8. sound like+名词代词和从句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth. It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The music sounds nice. 9. need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物； need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing. 10. get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上车 11. agree 同意，赞同；同意做某事 ，同意某人的看法、观点 。 12. trouble问题，麻烦 ；be in trouble ，make trouble ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth 。 13. right away=right now=at once，意为 。 14.【复习】 advice [不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见 ， give sb. advice on sth.就某事给某人建议； advise [动词] advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. doing sth . 15. 【复习】exercise 动词意为 ，可数时意为 ，不可数时意为 。 16. hurt 及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物动词，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly. 17. clean 【动词】 ，clean the classroom ，【形容词】 ，cleaner意为 。18. hit （用手或器具）打；击打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。 19. be used to sth./ doing sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. “变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit. 20. 【复习】free [形容词]空闲的free time；免费的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird. free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由He could not free his arm. 21. run out用完，用尽 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 物sth. tun out. 某物用尽了。 人sb. run out of物sth..人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night. 22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险 23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj. 24. decision 【名词】决定；抉择； make a decision make a decision to do sth.= 。 25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control无法控制，无法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中 26. 【复习】mind意为 ，mind doing sth. , Would you mind my opening the window? 27. give up (doing) sth. 放弃（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形式，也可不接，如 Never give up easily. 二、重要短语 1. have a cold 2. have a stomachache 3. see sb. do sth. 4. shout for help 5. expect (sb.) to do sth. 6. to one’s surprise 7. thanks to … 8. think about… 9. be interested in sth. 10. lose one’s life 11. save one’s life 12. take a risk=take risks 13. cut off 14. keep on doing sth. 三、重点语法 【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。 数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 myself yourself himself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves   【用法】 1. 可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn’t quite herself today. 3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。 如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短语当中。 如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学 enjoy oneself 玩得高兴，过得愉快 help oneself to sth 请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）. hurt oneself摔伤自己 say to oneself自言自语 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下 buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西 introduce oneself 介绍……自己  【提醒】 1. 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。 如：我自己能完成作业。 （误）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself. 2. 反身代词表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的东西”，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达“某人自己的（东西）”时，须要用one’s own. 如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons. 【练习】 1. My classmate, Li Ming, made a card for _________ just now. 2. Bad luck! I cut _________ with a knife yesterday. 3. They tell us they can look after_________ very well. 4. My cat can find food by_________ . 5. Help __________to some beef, boys. 6. Jenny enjoyed_________ in the park yesterday afternoon. 7. We can finish our homework by_________ . 8. The blind girl lost_________ in the beautiful music. 9. Xiao Hui, can you introduce _________ to us ? 10. Bill wants to teach_________ French from now on.  Unit 2 I’ll help to clean the city parks 短语归纳 1. clean up 打扫干净 2.cheer up （使）变得更高兴；振奋起来 3. give out 分发 4. used to 曾经......；过去........ 5. give away 赠送；捐赠 6.set up 建立；设立 7. make a difference e up with 想出 9. put off 推迟 10.put up 张贴 11. call up 打电话给 12.help out 帮助.....摆脱困难 13. care for 照顾；照看 14.give up 放弃 15. try out for 参加选拔 e true 实现 17. run out of 用光 18.take after 与.....相像 19. fix up 修理 20.be similiar to 与......相似 用法归纳 1. need to do sth 需要做某事 2.make plan to do sth 制定计划做某事 3. ask sb (not ) to do sth 要求某人（不要）做某事 4. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 5.give up +时间+to do sth放弃时间做某事 6. get a feeling of.....有......感觉 7.decide to do sth 决定做某事 8. help sb (to)do sth 帮助某人做某事 9.make a difference to 对......产生影响 10. make it possible for sb to do sth 使得做某事对某人来说是可能的 单元课文出现的好句子 1. We need to come up with a plan to tell people about the city park clean-up. 我们要相处一个计划来告诉人们关于这个城市公园清洁日的事。 2. We can’t put off making a plan.我们不能推迟制定计划了 3. We could put up signs. 我们可以张贴标志牌。 拓展链接 动词+副词 短语 cheer up 使高兴起来 clean up 打扫干净 put up 张贴 mix up 修理 give away 赠送 give out 分发 give up 放弃 use up用光 get up 起床 hand in 上交 put off 推迟 pick up 捡起 think over 仔细思考 turn down 关小音量 set up 建立 set off 出发 look out 小心 动词+介词 短语 look after 照顾 belong to 属于 take after 与....相像 hear from 收到.....来信 hear of 听说 pay for 支付 wait for 等待 动词+副词+介词 短语 get out of 避免 come up with 想出 catch up with 追上赶上look forward to 期待盼望 go on with 继续 动词+名词 短语 have a rest 休息一下 take a walk 散步 make mistakes 犯错 have a try 试一下 take place 发生 tell a lie 撒谎 make a decision 做决定 动词+名词+介词 短语 have a look at 看一看 make a friend with 与.....交朋友 have a word with 与....交谈 have a drink of 喝一点 pay attention to 注意 make fun of 取笑 Be+形容词+介词 短语 be late for 迟到 be angry with 生气 be fond of 喜欢 be good at 擅长 be good for 对...有好处 be short of 缺乏 be similiar to 与......相似 be strict with 对......严格要求 be pound of 骄傲 自豪 语法点 动词不定式归纳 只跟动词不定式做宾语的动词 决心学会有希望（ decide,learn,wish,hope） 同意计划莫假装（agree,plan,pretend） 忘记拒绝会失望（forget,refuse,fail） 准备设法来帮忙（prepare,try,manage,help） 提供请求负担起（offer,beg,afford） 记得阻止理应当（remember stop,be supposed） 相关阅读方法 词义猜测阅读法 习题链接 1. -Tom failed the exam again -Sorry to hear that. We should do something to . A. cheer him up B.cheer on him C.cheer him on D.cheer uo him 2.The boys volunteer three hours up the park near their school. A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. with cleaning 3. The woman in red a teacher.She works in a hospital now. A. used to be B. is used to be C.was used to be D.is 4. The old man lives ,but he doesn’t feel . A. al