专题05重点语法归纳及专练（练习版）（人教版）.docx

更多资料添加微信号：DEM2008 淘宝搜索店铺：优尖升教育 网址： 八年级下学期期末重难知识点串讲+精练 专题05 重点语法归纳及专练（一） 一、情态动词 should“应该” n should，情态助动词，无人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形，既可以表示义务或责任，也可以表示劝告或建议。 n 否定形式shouldn’t 二、反身代词 n 反身代词有人称和数的变化 I we you you he she it they myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 《反身代词背诵小“窍门”》 一二人称自己人，形物代self进家门；第三人称是宾客，宾格self请进门。 n 反身代词在句中可用作动词或介词的宾语；也可用作主语或宾语的同位语，表示强调。 n 常考含反身代词的短语 u by oneself 独自 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 help oneself to sth. 自助 u teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服 u keep it to oneself 不把某事告诉别人；保守秘密 u think about oneself 为自己着想 look after oneself 照顾自己 【专练】 一、单项选择 1．We enjoyed _____________ at the English party last weekend. A．us B．our C．ours D．ourselves 2．Mrs. Green has no time to help us, so we need to finish the work by ________. A．myself B．themselves C．herself D．ourselves 3．—I don’t care what people think. —Well, you______________. Some opinions are worth weighing. A．might B．should C．could D．would 4．—Lily is intelligent and hard-working. She _________ do well in the singing competition. —Sure. She was born to be a singer. A．should B．might C．can’t D．shouldn’t 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 5．Miss Smith put on her new dress, and looked at _________ (she) in the mirror. 6．Last week the students went skating and enjoyed _________ (them) very much. 7．Helping others is helping _________ (we), so we should try our best to help those in need. 8．Simon entered the library, found _________ (he) a seat by the window and started his work. 9．Jack, help _________ (you) to some salad. It’s just behind you. 三、完成句子 10．你应该早点起床去赶校车。 You _________ _________ _________ early to catch the school bus. 11．你不应该购买你不需要的东西。 You _________ _________ anything that you don’t need. 12．你们应该自己解决这个问题。 You should solve the problem _________ _________. 13．这辆新车可以自动行驶。 The new car can run _________ _________. 14．你应该躺下来好好休息。 You _________ _________ _________ and have a good rest. 四、多句选词填空 用should或shouldn’t填空。 15．I think you _________ go to the hospital at once. 16．As a new driver, you _________ drive your car so fast. It’s very dangerous. 17．When you have a sore throat, you _________ drink more hot tea with honey. 18．—Alice, my head feels hot now. —You _________ go to see a doctor. 19．You _________ be angry with your mother. She is so kind to you. 三、动词不定式作宾语、状语和宾语补足语 n 动词不定式的基本结构：to+动词原形；否定形式：not+to+动词原形 n 动词不定式在句中作的成分 u 作宾语。例如：want, expect, hope, wish, agree, plan, decide, promise等 u 作目的状语。例：To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.(7BU8) u 作宾语补足语。例如：tell, want, advise, ask, help,teach, invite, order等 n 省略to的动词不定式 u 感官动词后用作宾语补足语：see, hear, watch, feel, notice u 使役动词后用作宾语补足语：let, make, have 【专练】 一、单项选择 1．I’ve just watched a TV programme about space. I hope ________on the moon one day. A．walk B．walked C．walking D．to walk 2．—Don't forget__________ off the lights when you leave the classroom. —OK. I'll do that. A．turn B．turns C．turning D．to turn 3．The Birdwatching Society goes to Zhalong Nature Reserve the birds every year. A．to count B．counting C．count D．counts 4．—What’s next? —I’ll have Tony ________ you around. A．to showing B．show C．showed D．shown 5．-I tried to make Alice ___________ her mind but I found it difficult. -Well, I saw you __________that when I went past. A．changed; do B．changes; doing C．change; to do D．change; doing 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 6．Touched by doctors and nurses in Wuhan, Li Ming wants ________ (be) a doctor when he grows up. 7．Social workers in our community are patient enough _______ (explain) how to register Huaishangtong (注册淮上通). 8．Henry’s uncle is planning ____(take) a trip to Dunhuang now. 9．My mother and I went to the airport ________（meet）my father yesterday. 10．________（realize）his lifelong dream, the young man went to Hollywood by himself, with only a few dollars in his pocket. 四、 短语动词 n 动词+介词：look after 照顾, wait for 等待, look for 寻找, hear from 收到某人的来信 n 动词+副词：cheer up 振奋起来, hand out 分发, give away 赠送, put off 推迟, die down 逐渐减弱（注意：动副短语，如果宾语为代词，只能放在代词和副词之间） n 动词+副词+介词：run out of 耗尽, get out of 脱离, look forward to...期待, come up with 想出 n 动词+名词：have a break 休息, make a wish 许愿 n be+形容词+介词：be good at 擅长于, be afraid of 害怕, be interested in 对......感兴趣 【专练】 一、单项选择 1．—Don’t run too fast, or you might __________. —I’ll be careful, mom. A．walk into B．die down C．go off D．fall over 2．—The food in this restaurant is always tasty and cheap! —Yeah, though the owner has been advised to ________ the price more than once. A．cut up B．set up C．put up D．make up 3．—Dad, I’m a little tired. When shall we ________ the bus? —Take it easy, dear. We’ll get to the cinema in ten minutes. A．get off B．get up C．look for D．look at 4．I will ________ the dates on the back of the photos, because they are symbols of my childhood. A．put up B．put off C．put down D．put away 5．Let’s ________ these old books in the bookcase and give them to the children in need. A．work out B．clear out C．check out D．find out 6．—How can we help the children from the poor villages? —As students, we can ________ our old books and clothes to them. A．take away B．go away C．throw away D．give away 7．Today, Wechat becomes very popular, and more and more people like to use it to __________ each other. A．depend on B．fight with C．fall over D．communicate with 8．You must ________, or you can not catch up with the early bus. A．grow up B．hurry up C．hand up D．pick up 9．It’s polite to ________ the food on your plate. Don’t waste food. A．cut up B．put up C．eat up D．stand up 10．—Lily failed the match. She must be very sad. —Let’s go and ________. A．wake her up B．cheer her up C．pick her up D．clean her up 五、情态助动词could n “向对方提出请求或征求对方许可”，语气较委婉。 功能 委婉地向对方提出请求 征求对方的许可 常用句型 Could you (please)...? Could I/we...? 含义 请你......好吗？ 我/我们可以......吗？ 回答 肯定： Yes, sure./Yes, I can./Sure./OK./No problem./Of course (I can)./With pleasure. 否定： No, I can’t./Sorry, I can’t. I have to.../ Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t./I’d love to ,but... 肯定： Yes, sure./Yes, you can./Sure./Of course (you can)./Go ahead. 否定： No, you can’t./No, you mustn’t./Sorry, you can’t./Sorry, I’m afraid you can’t./Of course not. n Could you please...?否定形式Could you please not...? 【专练】 一、单项选择 1．—Mom, ________ you please buy some snacks? —Sure. A．must B．may C．could D．should 2．—________ I go to the movies with Anna tonight, mom? —Of course you ________. But don’t stay out too late. A．Could, can B．Should, should C．Could, would D．Can, should 3．—Mom, could I hang out with my friends tonight? —________. It’s not very safe. A．Yes, you could B．No, you couldn’t C．Yes, please D．Sorry, you can’t 4．We will hold an English party next week. _________ you come to the party? A．Must B．Should C．Could D．May 5．—________ I use the computer, Mom? —Yes, you can. But you have to finish your homework first. A．Should B．Could C．Must D．Would 二、完成句子 6．你能告诉我怎样使用这台机器吗？ Could you ________ me ________ ________ ________ this machine? 7．—你能和我们一起去水族馆吗？ —是的，我能。 —________ you ________ to the aquarium with us? —Yes, ________ ________. 8．“彼得，你能倒垃圾吗？” “当然可以，妈妈。” —Peter, ________ out the rubbish? —________, Mom. 9．我可以邀请我的朋友们来参加一场派对吗？ ____________________ my friends __________ a party? 10．我想买辆小汽车。你能借我一些钱吗? I want to buy a car. _________ _________ _________ me some money? 三、句型转换 11．Could you please not shout in the library? (改为同义句) __________ shout in the library, please! 12．Could you please clean your room now?（改为否定句） Could you please ________ ________ your room now? 13．Could you please help me do the dishes? (作肯定回答) __________, __________. 14．Could you please come over now? (写出否定答语) _________________________________________ 15．Could I bring some food and drinks? (写出肯定答语) _________________________________________ 六、常用表达建议的句子 n Why not do sth.?=Why don’t you do sth.? “你为什么不做某事呢？” n What/How about doing sth.?“做某事怎么样？” n Let’s do sth. “让我们做某事吧。” 七、 用情态动词could, should来提出建议 n could，should都可用来提出建议，但could语气更委婉、客气。should意为“应该/应当”，could意为“可以/可能”。 n 当征求别人的意见时，常用should。 八、 although，so that，until的用法 n although 意为“尽管/虽然”, 常可与though互换使用，如在句尾多使用though， 引导让步状语从句。 u 注意：although或though不可but共同使用在同一个句子中。如果要强调前后两部分的对比, 可在主句前加 yet 或 still。 n so that意为 “为了.../以便......”，引导目的状语从句，从句中通常含情态动词can, may, might等。 【拓展】so that引导的目的状语从句可与in order that或in order to互换使用。 n until在肯定句中，动词需使用延续性动词，表示“直到……为止”，即主句中的动作一直持续发生到until后的动作发生为止; until在否定句中，使用短暂性动词, 意为“直到……才……” 【专练】 一、单项选择 1．—Let’s go shopping for some orange juice. —________ And we can also buy some coffee for Mum. A．Excuse me! B．Good idea! C．Never mind. D．I’m sorry. 2．—What a sunny day! Why not go cycling? —___________. A．No, I don’t mind B．You’d better not C．That sounds great D．It’s my pleasure 3．We should protect the environment _______ we can make a better world to live in. A．so that B．even though C．as soon as D．even if 4．It was great in the end   ________ we had a terrible time at the beginning. A．if B．unless C．when D．although 5．They didn’t go home ________ they finished their work. A．because B．where C．until D．while 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 6．Could you please _______ (call) me, Liu Wei? 7．What about _______ (have) dinner with me, Maria? 8．Would you like _______ (spend) your holiday in New York? 9．You’d better _______ (come) here before six. 三、同义句转化 10．Although Mr. Smith is ninety years old, he can climb the mountain. (同义句转换) Mr. Smith is ninety years old, _______ he can climb the mountain. 11．My mother got up early so that she could catch the first bus. (同义句转换。) My mother got up early _______ _______ _______ she could catch the first bus. 12．Jack didn’t have dinner before his mother came back.(同义句转换) Jack _______ have dinner _______ his mother came back. 九、过去进行时 n 定义：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。 n 构成：was/were+现在分词 n 句型结构： u 肯定句: 主语+was/were+doing+其他. u 否定句: 主语+was/were+not+doing十其他. u 一般疑问句: Was/Were+主语+doing+其他? l 回答:Yes, 主语+was/were; No, 主语+wasn't/ weren't. u 时间状语: at that