八年级英语上册学习资料.doc

Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? Activities：（写出动词过去式） go on vacation去度假 be on vacation 度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间 taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course当然 feel like给……的感觉；感受到feel like doing sth go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为 one bowl of… 一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on继续 take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出来 不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, enough, every 等，以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语，而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。 复合不定代词：由some，any，no，every加上-body,-one,-thing构成的不定代词，叫做复合不定代词。 somebody = someone某人 something 某物，某事 anybody = anyone任何人 anything什么事物，任何事物，无论什么事物 nobody = no one没有人，不重要的人 nothing没有东西，什么也没有;不重要的人或事 everybody = everyone每人,人人,所有人 everything每一个事物，一切 词组：for nothing(徒劳，没有好结果，免费)，nothing but(仅仅，只不过)， It’s nothing. (不用谢，不必在意) anybody else(别人) （1）复合不定代词只相当于名词,在句子中作主语、宾语和表语，而不能作定语。 Everything is made of elements.任何东西都是元素构成的。（作主语） I have nothing to say toady.我今天没什么可讲的。（作宾语） That`s nothing.没什么。（作表语） （2）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 （3）代替与-thing构成的复合不定代词，用it；代替与-body, -one构成的复合不定代词，一般用they，在正式文体中可用he。 如：Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they ？ Everyone knows what he has to do, doesn’t he ? 每个人都知道他必须做什么，不是吗？ （2）something和anything的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情要告诉你。（肯定句） Someone is asking to see you.有人要见你。 （肯定句） Has anything happened ？出什么事了吗？ （疑问句） We can`t decide anything now.我们现在不能作什么决定。 （否定句） If you want anything, call me.你要是需要什么可以给我打电话。（条件状语从句） （3）复合不定代词被定语所修饰时，形容词或不定式等其他定语则须放在它们的后面。 There is nothing wrong with the machine.这机器没出什么毛病。（形容词） This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。（形容词） Is there anything important in today``s newspaper?今天报纸上有什么重要消息吗？（形容词） Do you want anything to drink ?你想喝点什么吗？ If there is anything I can do for you , please tell me.如果有什么我能帮你的，请告诉我。 ④除与-thing构成的复合不定代词外，即everyone、everybody、someone，somebody都有所有格形式；当其后有else时，’s要加在else后面。如： That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine. 那一定是别人的外衣，不是我的。 ⑤everyone=everybody, anyone=anybody, 只指人，不能与of短语连用；every one, any one可指人也可指物，一定要与of连用才可以。如：Is anybody here? 有人吗？ You can take any one of these. 你可以随便拿一个。 ⑥与some-，any-构成的复合不定代词的用法与some, any的用法相同。与any-构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中，not…any-构成完全否定，但没有any-…not的说法；与some-构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中 【巧记复合代词分合】：分合皆能单独用，后加of合不成。 【巧学不定代词】：不定代词美名扬，修饰成分后边藏；单数动词作谓语，何时何地都一样。 buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物 taste + adj. 尝起来…look+adj. 看起来…smell 闻起来 sound 听起来 feel 感觉起来 taste delicious…look beautiful…smell terrible … sound wonderful… feel comfortable /tired / bored/ nothing…but+动词原形 除了……之外什么都没有 seem+（to be）+ adj. 看起来…… No one seemed to be bored. seem to do sth. arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地 decide to do sth.决定去做某事 try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.开始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事 keep on doing sth. 反复做某事有小停歇 Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢？ so+adj.+that+从句 如此……以至于…… it is + adj. + for sb. +to do sth对某人来说做…怎么样 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 要求某人（不要）做某事 want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人（不要）做某事 1.anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today. seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave. 4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin . 1)创办，开办： He started a new bllkshop last month. 2)机器开动： I can’t start my car. 3)出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning. 5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）= more than My father is over 40 years old. 在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard. 超过： I hear the news over the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world. 6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。 We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much. Much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。 The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast. 分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头： much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。 too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。 7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。 He can’t take a walk because of the rain. because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。 I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit2 How often do you exercise? help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球 stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课 go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 sb. spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光 be bad for对……有坏处 sb. spend time / money on sth.在某方面花费时间/金钱 be good with与……友好相处 sb. spend time /money in doing sth.在做某事上花费时间/金钱 be good at sth./ doing sth 擅长某事/做某事 be friendly with sb. 与某人友好相处 be friendly to sb. 对某人友好 be kind to sb. 对某人友好 go camping去野营 not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的 such as比如；诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医 morn than多于；超过 less than少于 help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样？/ ……好不好？ want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句？ ……有多少……? 主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。 ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事 ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事 by doing sth. 通过做某事 What’s your favorite……?你最喜爱的……是什么？ the best way to do sth.做某事的最好方式 Which…do you like best? 你最喜欢 词语辨析： 1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。 How often do you play sports? Three times a week. how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。 How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler? how for 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。 How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers. 1. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time. I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week. 还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。 The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay. 2. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。 How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party? 3. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story. 4. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. 5. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty. find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. 6. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed. 7. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years. 9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。 I’m afraid we can’t come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。 Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question. I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别： sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。 Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up? sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week? some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story? some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long. I ‘ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here? Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. That’s Tara, isn’t it? Are you as friendly as your sister? I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends. more outgoing更外向 as…as…与……一样…… the singing competition唱歌比赛 be similar to与……相像的/类似的 be the same as和……相同；与……一致 be different from与……不同 care about关心；介意 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 be like a mirror像一面镜子 the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使显现；使表现出 get better grades取得更好的成绩 reach for伸手取 in fact事实上；实际上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的 touch one’s heart感动某人 be talented in music有音乐天赋 be good at擅长…… be good with善于与……相处 have fun doing sth.享受做某事的乐趣 be good at doing sth擅长做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与……一样…… It’s+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事……的。 词语辨析： laugh v. & n. 笑 We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。 We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。 He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。 （与at连用）嘲笑 Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他