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专题02 单词词性分类(汇总)【练习】(人教版).docx
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练习 专题02 单词词性分类汇总【练习】人教版 专题 02 单词 词性 分类 汇总 人教版
期末复习之单词词性分类汇总 单词词性:动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、数词等。词性是解题的关键 。首先要从句子结构入手,谓语动词和形容词是所有词性中相对容易判断出来的;其次再根据技巧判断出其他词性;最后根据其他关键信息判断词形的改变。 1. 助动词结构: 主语(冠词/名词等)+ 谓语(动词)+ 宾语(冠词/代词/名词等)。 I did my homework. 2. 系动词结构: (1)主语(冠词/名词等)+ 系动词(be动词/感官动词)+ 表语(形容词)。 You are excited. You look excited. (2)主语(冠词/名词等)+ 系动词(be动词/感官动词)+ 表语(名词)。 She is a teacher. They are students. (二)动词呈现 动词:表示动作的词语,动词一般作谓语,通过谓语动词可以判断动词的形式。 1. 解题步骤 第一步:熟记词义; 第二步:根据句子结构,判断词性为动词; 第三步:根据语境、固定搭配,判断时态、其他动词形式。 2. 解题技巧 【技巧一】助动词后除主语外要紧跟动词(原形); 助动词一般出现在疑问句和否定句。分别有:do、does、did、will、would。 否定形式:don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, won’t, wouldn’t。 1. They don't realize that that wasn't always the case.  2. I sure do miss you something fierce! 3. Why did I not marry King Grisly-beard? 【技巧二】情态动词后除主语外要紧跟动词(原形); 情态动词:can、could、need、should、must、may、might等。 否定形式:can’t, couldn’t, needn’t, mustn’t, may not, might not。 1. I can realize all my dreams.  2. I'll miss you, kiddo. 3. They could communicate with her. 【技巧三】介词to后一般是动词(原形); 介词可跟动词、名词和动名词。一般to 后跟动词原形。 1. She wasn't slow to realize what was going on. 2. Don't expect it to improve overnight. 3. It was too good an opportunity to miss.  【技巧四】不带to的不定式,其后也跟动词(原形); 一感(feel sb do sth.);二听(hear/listen to sb do sth);三让(make/let/have sb do sth);四看(watch/see/look/notice sb do sth);help sb(do/to do sth)。 1. Let me dig a hole. 2. Please make him realize the importance of healthy food 3. Nowadays, phone calls and messages help us communicate with others more often. 【技巧五】有些固定句型后要用动词(原形); had better do sth, Why not do sth. 1. We'd better hurry or we'll miss the train.  2. Why not book the tickets in advance? 【技巧六】以上情形都没有,找主语,一般主语后就是谓语动词(有时态变化); 主语一般在句子开头,主语是名词的形式。常见有人名(Tom)、人称代词主格(She/he/They等)、形物代+名词(My bag)等,一般紧跟主语后的就是谓语动词。 再根据时间、标志词、结构判断时态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1. She realized the stress he was under just now. 2. People communicate with words. 3. I still dream of home now. 【技巧七】以上情形都没有,注意连词前后主语是同一个时,时态保持一致。 1. I'll come by this evening and pick up the books. 2. I returned home and explained why I so late. 原形 词性&释义 动词三单 过去式 动词ing (现在分词/动名词) arrive v. 到达 arrives arrived arriving blow v. 吹 blows blow-blew-blown blowing bring v. 带来;取来 brings bring-brought-brought bringing camp v. 扎营;搭帐篷 camps camped camping climb v. 爬 climbs climbed climbing cook v. 做饭 cooks cooked cooking could modal v. 能;可以 could could - cross v. 横过;越过 crosses crossed crossing cut v. 砍;切 cuts cut-cut-cut cutting describe v. 描述 describes described describing draw v. 画 draws draw-drew-drawn drawing drive v. 开车 drives drive-drove-driven driving enjoy v. 享受;喜爱 enjoys enjoyed enjoying feed v. 喂养;饲养 feeds feed-fed-fed feeding feel v. 感受;觉得 feels feel-felt-felt feeling fly v. 飞 flies fly-flew-flown flying follow v. 遵循;跟随 follows followed following forget v. 忘记;遗忘 forgets forget-forgot-forget forgetting grow v. 种植;生长;发育 grows grow-grew-grown growing hear v. 听到;听见 hears hear-heard-heard hearing join v. 参加;加入 joins joined joining jump v. 跳;跃 jumps jumped jumping keep v. 保持;保留 keeps keep-kept-kept keeping kill v. 杀死;弄死 kills killed killing learn v. 学习;学会 learns learned learning leave v. 离开;留下 leaves leave-left-left leaving listen v. 听;倾听 listens listened listening live v. 居住,生活 lives lived living make v. 使成为;制造 makes make-made-made making may modal v. 也许;可能;可以 may might - milk v. 挤奶 milks milked milking miss v. 怀念;思念;错过 misses missed missing move v. 移动 moves moved moving pick v. 采;摘 picks picked picking put v. 放 puts put-put-put putting read v. 读;阅读 reads read-read-read reading relax v. 放松;休息 relaxes relaxed relaxing remember v. 记住;记起 remembers remembered remembering run v. 跑;奔 runs run-ran-run running save v. 救;救助 saves saves saving shout v. 呼叫;喊叫 shouts shouted shouting sing v. 唱歌 sings sing-sang-sung singing sit v. 坐 sits sit-sat-sat sitting skate v. 滑冰 skates skated skating speak v. 说(某种语言);说话 speaks speak-spoke-spoken speaking spend v. 花(时间、钱等) spends spend-spent-spent spending start v. 开始;着手 starts started starting stay v. 停留;待 stays stayed staying teach v. 教;讲授 teaches teach-taught-taught teaching tell v. 讲述;告诉 tells tell-told-told telling turn v. 转向;翻 turns turned turning use v. 使用;运用 uses used using visit v. 拜访;参观 visits visited visiting wake v. 弄醒;醒 wakes wake-woke-woken waking wash v. 洗 washes washed washing wear v. 穿;戴 wears wear-wore-worn wearing will v. 将要,会 will would willing wish v. 希望 wishes wished wishing would modal v.(表示意愿)愿意 would would - write v. 写作;写字 writes write-wrote-written writing (三)名词呈现 名词:事物的名称,分为可数名词和不可数名词(需要借助一定的称量工具)。 1. 解题步骤 第一步:熟记词义; 第二步:根据句子结构、固定搭配,判断词性为名词; 第三步:根据语境、固定搭配,判断名词的可数名词复数形式、其他形式。 2. 解题技巧 【技巧一】介词of后跟名词; 1. 20cm of snow were expected today. 2. Never had he been so free of worry. 【技巧二】冠词、指示代词、不定代词、形容词性物主代词、形容词后跟名词。 冠词(a/an/the);指示代词(this/these/that/those);不定代词(some/any);形容词性物主代词(my/our/her/his/its/their);形容词(new/old/beautiful/good)。 1. The show was just awesome. 2. We need some brushes. 3. Where did you buy that dress? 【技巧三】a/an、this/that后跟可数名词单数。 these、those后跟可数名词复数; some、any后可跟可数名词复数和不可数名词; 形容词性物主代词后可跟可数名词单复数、不可数名词,视具体语境而定; 形容词后可跟可数名词单复数、不可数名词,视具体语境而定。 原形 词性&释义 可数名词复数 不可数名词 其他形式(词性转化) actor n. 演员 actors actress n. 女演员 actresses Africa n. 非洲 Africa age n. 年龄 age air n. 空气 air American n. 美国人;美洲人 Americans America n. 美国 animal n. 动物 animals artist n. 艺术家 artists art n. 艺术 Australia n. 澳大利亚 Australia baby n. 婴儿 babies badminton n. 羽毛球运动 badminton badminton bank n. 银行 banks beach n. 海滩;沙滩 beaches beef n. 牛肉 beef bike n. 自行车 bikes boat n. 小船 boats bowl n. 碗 bowls bridge n. 桥 bridges bus n. 公共汽车 buses butterfly n. 蝴蝶 butterflies cabbage n. 卷心菜;洋白菜 cabbage cake n. 蛋糕 cakes Canada n. 加拿大 Canada candle n. 蜡烛 candles candy n. 糖果 candies car n. 小汽车;轿车 cars cat n. 猫 cats center n. 中心;中央 centers chess n. 国际象棋 chess child n. 儿童 children cinema n. 电影院 cinemas club n. 俱乐部;社团 clubs country n. 国;国家 countries countryside n. 乡村;农村 countrysides cow n. 奶牛 cows crime n. 犯罪活动 crimes criminal n. 罪犯 criminals crossing n. 十字路口 crossings cross v. 穿过 danger n. 危险 dangers dangerous adj.危险的 dish n. 碟;盘 dishes dragon n. 龙 dragons drum n. 鼓 drums dumpling n. 饺子 dumplings ear n. 耳朵 ears elephant n. 大象 elephants end n. 结尾;尽头 end Europe n. 欧洲 Europe eye n. 眼睛 eyes face n. 脸 faces farmer n. 农民;农场主 farmers farm n. 农场 fire n. 火;火灾 fire fish n. 鱼;鱼肉 fish flag n. 旗;旗帜 flags flower n. 花 flowers forest n. 森林 forests front n. 前面 front gift n. 礼物;赠品 gifts giraffe n. 长颈鹿 giraffes glasses n. 眼镜 glasses group n. 组;群 groups guide n. 导游;向导 guides guitar n. 吉他 guitars hair n. 头发;毛发 hair half n. 一半;半数 halves hall n. 大厅;礼堂 halls height n. 身高;高度 height high adj. 高的 homework n. 家庭作业 homework horse n. 马 horses hospital n. 医院 hospitals host n. 主人;东道主 hosts hotel n. 旅馆;酒店 hotels house n. 房子 houses idea n. 想法;主意 ideas ivory n. 象牙 ivories jeans n. 牛仔裤 jeans job n. 工作;职业 jobs juice n. 果汁;饮料 juice kilometer n. 千米;公里 kilometers kind n. 种类 kinds kitchen n. 厨房 kitchens kite n. 风筝 kites koala n. 树袋熊,考拉 koalas kung fu n. (中国)功夫 kung fu lake n. 湖;湖泊 lakes language n. 语言 language leg n. 腿 legs life n. 生活;生命 life lion n. 狮子 lions luck n. 幸运;运气 luck lucky adj. 幸运的 man n. 男人;人 men meat n. (可食用的)肉 meat message n. 信息;消息 messages minute n. 分钟 minutes money n. 钱 money monkey n. 猴子 monkeys moon n. 月亮 moon mountain n. 高山 mountains mouse n. 老鼠;耗子 mice mouth n. 嘴 mouths movie n. 电影 movies museum n. 博物馆 museums musician n. 音乐家 musicians music n. 音乐 mutton n. 羊肉 mutton neighborhood n. 街区;街坊 neighborhoods neighbor n. 邻居 newspaper n. 报纸 newspapers night n. 晚上;夜晚 nights noodle n. 面条 noodles north n. 北;北方 north nose n. 鼻子 noses office n. 办公室 offices onion n. 洋葱 onions painting n. 油画;绘画 paintings paint v. 绘画 pancake n. 烙饼;薄饼 pancakes panda n. 熊猫 pandas park n. 公园 parks people n. 人;人们 people person n. 人 people pet n. 宠物 pets piano n. 钢琴 pianos place n. 地点;位置 places police n. 警察 polices pool n. 游泳池;水池 pools porridge n. 粥;面糊 porridge post n. 邮政 posts potato n. 土豆;马铃薯 potatoes problem n. 困难;难题 problems quarter n. 一刻钟;四分之一

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