人教版初中英语七年级下册11单元讲义重点短语语法归纳配练习答案.docx

人教版初中英语七年级下册十一单元讲义教案UNIT11 第一部分 【重点短语】 给奶牛挤奶 去钓鱼 骑马 喂鸡 go for a walk show sb. around quite a lot/quite a lot of+n. learn a lot about sth. grow strawberries pick strawberries pick up take sth. home in the countryside worry+that从句 worry about ……/be worried about …… last week come out It was so much fun. have so much fun. an art museum the science museum go on a trip along the way make a model robot buy sth. for sb.= buy sb. sth. all in all it’s difficult (for sb.) to do sth. not at all be interested in （doing）sth. 【答案】从左至右：milk a cow; go fishing; ride a horse; feed chickens; 去散步=take a walk;带领某人参观；相当多的；关于…学到很多；种草莓；摘草莓；捡起/接某人；带…回家; 在农村；担心……; 担心某人某事；上周；出来/出版/开花；如此有趣； 玩得非常开心；一个艺术博物馆；科学博物馆；去旅行；沿途；制作一个机器人模型；为某人买某物;总之；对某人来说做某事很困难；根本不/一点也不； 对（做）…感兴趣 第二部分 【重点语法】 一、 一般过去时 1.定义 一般过去时表示过去某个时间或一段时间内发生的动作或状态；也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 e.g. I got up at 7:00 yesterday. 我昨天7点起床。 I visited my grandparents last week. 我上周看望了我的祖父母。 He always went to work by bus last year. 去年他总是乘公交车去上班。 She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school.她上学时每个月去看一场电影。 2.时间标志词 1)yesterday或以其构成的短语 yesterday morning , yesterday afternoon , the day before yesterday 2)“时间段+ago” a moment ago ,two days ago 3)“last +时间名词” last night / year / week , 4)in 1999, in the past , at that time, just now 等 3.一般现在时的结构及句型变化 结构：一般现在时的结构主要有三种形式： (1) 谓语动词为be动词 时 肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其它. 否定句：主语 + was/were + not +其它（was not=wasn’t were not=weren’t） 一般疑问句：was/were +主语+其它 e.g. I was late yesterday. They were in China last year. I was not late yesterday. They weren’t in China last year. Were you late yesterday？ Were they in China last year？ 肯定回答：Yes, I was. Yes, they were. 否定回答： No, I wasn't. No, they weren’t 缩写形式：was not=wasn’t; were not= ; 【注意】she was可以缩写吗？They were可以缩写吗？ (2) 谓语动词为实义动词时 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它. Li Ming studied English this morning. 否定句：主语+ didn’t +动词原形+其它. Li Ming didn't study English this morning. 一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它. Did Li Ming study English this morning？ 肯定回答： Yes, he did. 否定回答： No, he didn't. 【注意】1.谓语动词为实义动词时，变否定句和一般疑问句都找助动词did来帮忙（过去时不分人称和单复数，都是加did或did not） 2.前面出现了助动词，后面的动词一律用原形。（还原） 3.变一般疑问句时，一问一答的关系当中，第一人称和第二人称要互换。 【练习】改写句子 1、There was a car in front of the house just now. 否定句：___________________________________________ 一般疑问句：_______________________________________ 肯定回答：_________________________________________ 否定回答：_________________________________________ 2 They played football on the playground yesterday afternoon. 否定句：__________________________________________ 一般疑问句：______________________________________ 肯定回答：________________________________________ 否定回答：________________________________________ 【了解】谓语动词为 情态动词 时：(情态动词 can ，may ，have to 等等。） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式+动词原形+其它 The old man could swim 30 years ago. 否定句：主语+情态动词过去式+not+动词原形+其它 The old man couldn’t swim 30 years ago. 一般疑问句：情态动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其它 Could the old man swim 30 years ago? 肯定回答：Yes, he could. 否定回答：No, he couldn’t. 常用情态动词过去式如下： can—could may―might shall―should will―would 5.一般过去时的特殊疑问句： u 特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？ What did Jim do yesterday? u 特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其它？ Who was your sister? 练习：对划线部分提问 1. My mother did her housework at home last night. did your mother do her housework last night? 2. They played Ping-Pong with Tom. did they play Ping-Pong with? 6、动词的过去式 动词过去式构成：分为规则动词和不规则动词。 ① 规则动词： 构成规则 例词 一般情况下在动词原形末尾加-ed help----helped talk---talked 结尾是e的动词加-d live---lived arrive---arrived hope---hoped 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个字母，再加-ed Stop-stopped Plan---planned 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”，再加-ed. Study---studied Carry---carried Worry---worried ② ：不规则动词：详见课本P141“不规则动词表” go---went take----took ride----rode feed----fed see---saw grow---grew have/has---had get---got come---came think---thought eat----ate fly-flew 【注意】一些动词的过去式跟原形一样：比如：put---put cut----cut let---let read---read等 【课堂练习】 一、写出下列动词的过去式 1. look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5. hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10.are 11.go 12.have 13.do 14.get e 16.say 17.see 18.put 19.eat 20.take 21.read 二、用适当形式填空。 1. They____(be) on the farm a moment ago. 2. There____(be) at a shop not long ago. 3. Jenny___ _(not go) to bed until 11:00 o'clock last night. 4. Danny _____(read ) English five minutes ago. 5. I _____(see) Li Lei go out just now. 6. He ____(do) his homework every day. 7. When I was young, I ____ (play) games with my friends. 8. When ____you_____ (write) this book?  I _____ it last year. 9. Did he____ (have) lunch at home? 10. I _____ (eat) the bread, I 'm full now. 【答案】were; were; didn’t go; read; saw; did; played; did write wrote; have; ate 【综合练习】 一、单项选择： 1. She lived there before he ____ to China A. came   B. comes   C. come D. coming 2. When did you ____here? A. got to   B. reached  C. arrived in   D. reach 3. John and I to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon. (重2017B) A. go B. went C. will go D. goes 4. -Why didn’t you buy any bread? (重2015B) -Sorry, I . A. forgot B. forget C. remember D. remembered 二、完成句子 1. They didn’t arrive on time because they got up late. 对划线部分提问 (重2017A) ______ ______they arrive on time? 2. The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year.对划线部分提问(重2016B) ______ ______ the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? 3. Lin Li cooked for her parents on Sundays. 对划线部分提问 Lin Li for her parents? 【答案】ADBA; Why did; What did; When did cook 二、重点句型短语 1. Did you learn anything? “你学到了什么东西？” anything “一些，某些”,常用于否定句及疑问句。 e.g. Is there anything to eat in your house? There isn’t anything in my bag. [注意] 1)anything 后面有形容词修饰时，形容词只能放后面：anything interesting 2)anything也可用于肯定句，常译为“任何事物，任何东西” 【拓展】---复合不定代词 (1)分类-完成表格 some any no every thing one body (2)考点及用法 ①由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 Everyone in China likes the Spring Festival.在中国，人人都喜欢春节。 Everything is ready.（be） 一切都准备好了. ②some系列的词项是肯定词，主要用于肯定句； any系列的词项是非肯定词，主要用于疑问句、否定句或条件状语从句中。它们都既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。 There is something wrong with her.→ There isn’t anything wrong with her. There isn't anyone in the classroom.教室里没有人。 Is there any meat in the kitchen?厨房里还有肉吗？ I have something to tell you. 变为否定句： 。 【答案】I don’t have anything to tell you./ I have nothing to tell you. 【注意】 在Would you/Could you……？之类的表达请求许可问句中用some，不用any。 （特殊情况：表达委婉语气时） --Would you like something to eat? --Yes, I’d like to. Some beef, please. ③形容词或动词不定式修饰不定代词时，通常放在不定代词的后面。 Please show me something great. nothing interesting Can I have something to eat? [练习] 1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 2.-Do you have ______ to say for yourself? -No, I have ______ to say. A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing 3. Everything ______ ready. We can start now. A. are B. is C. be D. were 4. There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK. A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing 【答案】BDBC 2.How was your trip last week? 本句回答常用： It was great/good/OK/excellent/wonderful.或者 It wasn't good.等 【句型结构】How+be+主语?=What +be+ 主语+like? “……怎么样” e.g. How was your school trip?=What was your school trip like? [翻译]-你的寒假怎么样？ How was your winter vacation? ? 3.worry动词，过去式：worried；“担心，担忧” Nothing worries me. 没有什么让我担心. ① worry + that 从句（that可省略）. e.g. We worried it would rain. “我们担心会下雨” [翻译]Tom担心没人喜欢他的工作。Tom that will like his job. worries; nobody ② 重点短语： Worry about sb/sth.= be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 e.g. Don't worry about me. 不要担心我。 My best friend is worried about me. 我好朋友担心着我。 [翻译] 1） 家长们担心孩子们的健康。 2） 我爸担心我的英语学习。 【答案】Parents worry about children’s health./ My father worries about my English. 4．fast adj.形容词，“快的” e.g. The train is so fast.=The train is so quick.=This is a fast train. adv.副词，“快地”；=quickly 例句: The train goes so fast/quickly. [反义词] slow 形容词，“缓慢的” slowly 副词，“缓慢地” 【练习】 During the race, the rabbit runs , but the turtle(乌龟) runs . 【答案】fast/quickly; slowly 5．teach sb. sth.教某人某事。 Teach me English. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事。 My dad taught me to do the cleaning. teach how to do sth. “教怎样做某事”。She teaches me how to make zongzi. 【拓展】 宾语从句里，当从句主语与主句所表达的sb.一致，可将从句转变为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 例句：The guide taught us how to make a model robot. =The guide taught us how we can make a model robot. Kate doesn't know what she should do. =Kate doesn't know what to do. 第三部分 【课堂练习】 I．单项选择 1.-Where he go on vacation? -He went to the mountains. A.is B. does C. does D. did 2. I am looking for a birthday gift for my mother, But I didn't find good in the market. This is not good, either. Can you show me one? A. anything; another B. something; another C. som