阿拉善马鹿(Cervus_...nicus)生境适宜性评价_高惠.pdf

第 37 卷第 11 期2017 年 6 月生态学报ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICAVol37，No11Jun，2017http:/wwwecologicacn基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2572014CA03，DL13EA01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31372221)收稿日期:2016-03-25;网络出版日期:2017-02-22*通讯作者 Corresponding authorE-mail:zhenshengliu 163netDOI:105846/stxb201603250534高惠，滕丽微，汪洋，王继飞，刘振生阿拉善马鹿(Cervus alashanicus)生境适宜性评价生态学报，2017，37(11):3926-3931Gao H，Teng L W，Wang Y，Wang J F，Liu Z SHabitat assessment of red deer(Cervus alashanicus)in the Helan Mountains，ChinaActa EcologicaSinica，2017，37(11):3926-3931阿拉善马鹿(Cervus alashanicus)生境适宜性评价高惠1，滕丽微1，2，汪洋1，王继飞3，刘振生1，2，*1 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院，哈尔滨1500402 国家林业局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室，哈尔滨1500403 宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区管理局，银川750021摘要:阿拉善马鹿(Cervus alashanicus)目前仅分布于贺兰山地区，对该物种进行生境适宜性的评价和分析是物种有效保护的前提和基础。20132014 年通过样线调查及巡山资料查询，确定阿拉善马鹿出现位点 86 个，结合 13 种环境变量数据，利用最大熵(maximum entropy，MaxEnt)模型，并根据最大约登指数划定适宜与不适宜生境区，对贺兰山地区阿拉善马鹿的生境适宜性进行评价。OC 曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve)检测证明模型预测精度较高，研究结果表明:阿拉善马鹿主要分布于贺兰山东坡的中部和南部，以及西坡的中北部，适宜生境面积为 66787 km2，占研究区域面积的 182%;矿区、坡度和海拔是影响阿拉善马鹿分布的最主要环境变量，矿区对阿拉善马鹿的影响最大，建议管理部门加大对此人为干扰的管控力度，控制和减少现有矿区的规模，以促进该种群的发展。关键词:阿拉善马鹿;生境评价;最大熵模型;贺兰山Habitat assessment of red deer(Cervus alashanicus)in the Helan Mountains，ChinaGAO Hui1，TENG Liwei1，2，WANG Yang1，WANG Jifei3，LIU Zhensheng1，2，*1 College of Wildlife esources，Northeast Forestry University，Harbin 150040，China2 Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology，State Forestry Administration，Harbin 150040，China3 Helan Mountains National Nature eserve of Ningxia，Yinchuan 750021，ChinaAbstract:Cervus alashanicus only occurs in the Helan Mountains Evaluating the habitat suitability of Cervus alashanicus isthe premise and foundation of effective protection for this population We used a Geographic Information Systems(GIS)andthe Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)model to predict habitat suitability for Cervus alashanicus in the Helan Mountains Thedata needed in this research，included occurrence records of Cervus alashanicus and environmental factors We collected 86GPS coordinates for Cervus alashanicus occurrance obtained by line transect surveys and patrol data from the HelanMountain National Nature eserve from 2013 to 2014 Environmental factors were grouped into three categories，includingtopographic data(elevation，slope，and aspect)extracted from the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)，six vegetation factorsextracted from the Thematic Mapper(TM)image of the Helan Mountains(2007)，and water resources and humaninterference factors，including roads，mining，and forest protection points extracted from the 150000 vector maps of theHelan Mountains GIS was used to produce the data needed in the model The distribution of Cervus alashanicus waspredicted using the model of MaxEnt The area under the curve(AUC)values of a eceiver Operating Characteristic(OC)curve was used to assess the accuracy of the MaxEnt model，and the Youden Index was applied to determine thehttp:/wwwecologicacnthreshold value for habitat classification in the MaxEnt model The simulated habitat was divided into two categories，including suitable and unsuitable habitat using a threshold value of 031 Finally，the distribution map of habitat suitabilityof Cervus alashanicus in the Helan Mountains was generated from the data and software，and the AUC value for training dataand test data were 0956 and 0898 respectively，which indicated that the result of the assessment was excellent The resultsshowed that suitable habitat for Cervus alashanicus was primarily distributed in the central and southern regions of theNingxia Helan Mountain National Nature eserve(eastern part)and to a lesser extent in the northern region of the Inner-Mongolia Helan Mountain National Nature eserve(western part)，with a total area of 66787 km2，accounting for 182%of the total assessment area Most northern areas of Helan Mountains were unsuitable habitat for Cervus alashanicus becauseof lower precipitation and more mining Jackknife tests and the contribution of environmental variables indicated that mining(304%)，slope(26%)，altitude(108%)，and aspect(84%)were the main factors affecting habitat selection of Cervusalashanicus，followed by the forest protection points(57%)，grasslands(42%)，roads(42%)，shrubs(4%)，alpinemeadows(38%)，broad-leaved forests(13%)，and water resources(09%)Coniferous forest and desert had little effecton the habitat selection of Cervus alashanicus The response curves showed that habitat suitability increased gradually withthe increase of distance from mine and road，and decreased when the slop was more than 30 esults from our studysuggested that mining was the most serious human interference for the Cervus alashanicus Managers need to take moreregulatory actions to protect the suitable habitat areas of Cervus alashanicus in order to promote the conservation of thispopulationKey Words:Cervus alashanicus;habitat suitability assessment;maximum entropy model;Helan Mountains生境适宜性评价是以动物对生活环境的要求为基础，分析研究区域内各生态因子的实际分布情况，从而明确研究范围内适合某动物生存分布的区域1。对野生动物进行生境适宜性评价和分析对该物种的保护具有非常重要的作用。目前，利用 3S(GIS，S，GPS)技术结合生态位模型对生境适宜性进行分析已越来越多的运用到野生动物生境评价之中2-5。生态位模型的基本原理是根据每种