氨基酸肥料对水稻Cd含量及农产品品质的影响.pdf

2023，45（4）DOI：10.13836/j.jjau.2023076江西农业大学学报 Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensishttp:/氨基酸肥料对水稻Cd含量及农产品品质的影响倪才英1，刘星星1，梁以豪1，黎衍亮1，肖罗长1，刘鑫1，简敏菲2，丁蕾3*（1.江西师范大学 地理与环境学院，江西 南昌 330022；2.江西师范大学 生命科学学院，江西 南昌 330022；3.江西省农业技术推广中心，江西 南昌 330046）摘要：【目的】探究稻鳖共作模式下不同氨基酸肥料对水稻Cd吸收累积和农产品品质的影响。【方法】选择鹰潭市余江区稻鳖共作田块进行大田试验，设计氨基酸水溶肥（AAO）、氨基酸水溶肥（AAT）、氨基酸叶面肥（半胱氨酸（Cys）、钙镁磷肥（GMP）（常规肥料做比较用）及钙镁磷肥与氨基酸水溶肥复配（GA）和不添加肥料（CK）的6个处理，研究Cd在各处理水稻植株中的富集和转运情况以及对稻米Cd、蛋白质、氨基酸含量和甲鱼肌肉Cd含量的影响。【结果】水稻植株Cd含量由高到低依次为根、茎、叶、糙米。与CK相比，对水稻根茎叶Cd含量降低效果最好的是AAT处理，分别降低了40.50%、65.74%和58.10%；Cys处理显著降低了水稻糙米Cd含量，降幅为32.98%。糙米和甲鱼肌肉Cd含量均未超过国家标准限值。与CK相比，施用氨基酸类肥料均降低了糙米蛋白质和16种氨基酸总量，其中Cys处理的降低效果最显著，分别降低了29.37%和35.71%。根据通径分析，土壤-糙米富集系数对糙米Cd含量的富集起直接作用，而酸提取态Cd、可氧化态Cd、茎-叶片转运系数则是通过影响土壤-糙米富集系数来间接影响糙米对Cd的积累。【结论】氨基酸水溶肥能较好地降低水稻根茎叶Cd含量，氨基酸叶面肥（半胱氨酸）降低糙米中Cd含量效果最好，且两者均降低了糙米蛋白质和16种氨基酸总量，改善了稻米食味品质，以叶面喷施半胱氨酸的处理效果最好。关键词：稻鳖共作；水稻；镉；农产品品质中图分类号：S511；S506.2 文献标志码：A 开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：文章编号：1000-2286（2023）04-0819-11Effects of Amino Acid Fertilizer on Rice Cd Content and Quality of Agricultural ProductsNI Caiying1，LIU Xingxing1，LIANG Yihao1，LI Yanliang1，XIAO Luochang1，LIU Xin1，JIAN Minfei2，DING Lei3*收稿日期：20230506 修回日期：20230613基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（42167006）和江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（JXARS-12-质量安全与环境控制）Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China（42167006）and Project of Jiangxi Province Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction（JXARS-12-Quality Safety and Environmental Control）作者简介：倪才英，教授，博士，orcid.org/0000-0003-2495-4354，；*通信作者：丁蕾，推广研究员，主要从事土壤监测及饲料肥料中重金属风险评估研究，orcid.org/0009-0009-5922-1418，。倪才英，刘星星，梁以豪，等.氨基酸肥料对水稻 Cd 含量及农产品品质的影响 J.江西农业大学学报，2023，45（4）：819-829.NI C Y,LIU X X,LIANG Y H,et al.Effects of amino acid fertilizer on rice cd content and quality of agricultural productsJ.Acta agriculturae universitatis Jiangxiensis,2023,45(4):819-829.江 西 农 业 大 学 学 报第 45 卷（1.School of Geography and Environment，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330022，China；2.College of Life Sciences，Jiangxi Normal University，Nanchang 330022，China；3.Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Center，Nanchang 330046，China）Abstract：Objective This study aims to explore the effects of different amino acid fertilizer on rice Cd absorption and accumulation well as agricultural product quality under the rice and turtle co-cropping mode.MethodRice and turtle co-cropping rice plots in Yujiang District of Yingtan City were selected for field experiment.Six treatments including amino acid water soluble fertilizer（AAO），amino acid water soluble fertilizer（AAT），amino acid foliar fertilizer（Cysteine（Cys），calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer（GMP）combination of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and amino acid water soluble fertilizer（GA）and no fertilizer（CK）were designed.The enrichment and transport of Cd in rice plants and its effect on the contents of Cd and protein and amino acid in rice and the content of Cd in muscle of turtle were analyzed.Result The results showed that the Cd content of rice plants was ranking in the order of root stem leaf brown rice.Compared with the CK，the best effect on the reduction of Cd content in the roots，stems and leaves of rice was the AAT treatment，which decreased Cd content by 40.50%，65.74%and 58.10%，respectively.Cysteine foliar control agent（Cys）treatment significantly reduced the Cd content in brown rice by 32.98%.The content of Cd in brown rice and muscle of turtle did not exceed the limit of national standard.Compared with the CK，the application of amino acid fertilizer reduced the protein and 16 amino acids of brown rice，among which the Cys treatment had the most significant reduction effect，the protein and the amino acids were reduced by 29.37%and 35.71%，respectively.According to path analysis，the soil-brown rice enrichment coefficient played a direct role in the enrichment of Cd content in brown rice.However，acid-extracted Cd，oxidizable Cd and stem-leaf transport coefficient indirectly affected the absorption and enrichment of Cd by brown rice by affecting the soil-brown rice enrichment coefficient.Conclusion Amino acid water soluble fertilizer 2（AAT）had the best effect on the reduction of Cd content in rice roots，stems and leaves，Cys had the best reduce effect on Cd content in brown rice，both of them reduced the rice protein and the total amount of 16 amino acids，and improved the taste quality of brown rice.The best effect was to spray cysteine on the leaf surface.Keywords：rice and turtle co-cropping；rice；cadmium；agricultural product quality【研究意义】稻渔综合种养作为现代生态循环农业发展的新技术模式1，产业规模不断扩大，种养面积与水产品产量逐年增加，生产的稻米与水产品得到广大消费者的青睐，具有广阔的发展前景。目前，我国稻渔综合种养已经形成了稻虾、稻鱼、稻蟹三大种养主产区，此外还有稻鳅、稻鳖、稻蛙、稻螺等4种主要模式2。【前人研究进展】根据2014年 全国土壤污染调查公报 显示，Cd是耕地土壤重金属污染的首要元素，其污染点位超标率最高达7%。Cd元素具有毒性持久、活性强、移动性大的特点3，是稻田重金属污染的主要元素之一，水稻与其他旱作作物相比，能从土壤中吸收更多的Cd元素，更容易造成水稻稻米Cd含量超标4。随着生活水平的提高，稻米Cd含量以及稻米品质特别是食味品质日益成为人们的关注重点，稻米的蛋白质和氨基酸含量是衡量稻米食味品质的一个重要指标5。目前，向农田土壤重金属污染区添加肥料是土壤重金属污染修复常用的修复方法之一。添加土壤肥料不仅可以降低土壤Cd含量还能在一定程度上改善农产品品质。例如，江棋6研究发现在Cd污染土壤上施用土壤调理剂可降低土壤可提取态Cd和稻米Cd含量，提高稻米蛋白质含量。文典等7研究发现土壤调理剂显著降低稻米Cd含量的同时又能提高稻米蛋白质含量，改善稻米营养品质。李仰锐