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不同
覆盖
山地
黄壤
表层
土壤
性质
柑橘
品质
影响
节水灌溉Water Saving Irrigation不同覆盖对山地黄壤区表层土壤性质及柑橘品质的影响余高1,2,陈芬1,田霞1,罗有亮1,谢婉莹1(1.铜仁学院 贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,贵州 铜仁 554300;2.贵州精源科技有限公司,贵州 铜仁 554300)摘 要:为探明不同覆盖材料对山地黄壤区柑橘园土壤性质和柑橘果实品质的影响,以“爱媛38号”柑橘为研究对象,研究地面覆盖白色地膜(T1)、黑色地膜(T2)、园艺地布(T3)和玉米秸秆(T4)4种覆盖对柑橘园表层土壤养分、酶活性及柑橘产量和果实品质的影响。结果表明:与不覆盖(CK)相比,除T4处理显著提高了果园土壤pH值外,T1、T2和T3处理均显著降低了土壤pH值;4种覆盖处理均有效增加了土壤有机质和速效养分含量,其中T4处理土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较CK显著增加了15.76%、62.12%、22.71%和44.28%;4种覆盖处理均在一定程度上提高了土壤酶活性,其中T4处理土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶活性较CK显著提高了23.08%、61.11%、172.54%、72.73%;此外,4种覆盖处理还显著提高了柑橘产量、改善了柑橘果实品质,柑橘产量、单果重、可食率、果汁率、可溶性固形物和固酸比分别较CK显著提高了6.89%14.22%、8.84%15.51%、2.51%4.47%、3.12%7.59%、4.60%10.73%、11.39%25.65%;维生素C含量以T4处理最高,较CK显著提高23.33%,而T4处理可滴定酸含量较CK显著降低了11.11%;相关性分析结果表明,有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量是柑橘产量果实品质的主要影响因子。综上,覆盖能有效改善山地黄壤区柑橘园土壤肥力,提高土壤养分供应水平,刺激土壤酶活性,提升柑橘品质,以玉米秸秆覆盖效果最好。关键词:不同材料覆盖;覆盖材料;山地黄壤;柑橘;土壤性质;土壤养分;土壤酶活性;产量品质中图分类号:S158;S27 文献标识码:A DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2023175余 高,陈 芬,田 霞,等.不同覆盖对山地黄壤区表层土壤性质及柑橘品质的影响 J.节水灌溉,2023(9):25-31.DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2023175.YU G,CHEN F,TIAN X,et al.Effects of coverage on surface soil properties and citrus quality in mountainous yellow soil areas J.Water Saving Irrigation,2023(9):25-31.DOI:10.12396/jsgg.2023175.Effects of Coverage on Surface Soil Properties and Citrus Quality in Mountainous Yellow Soil AreasYU Gao1,2,CHEN Fen1,TIAN Xia1,LUO You-liang1,XIE Wang-yin1(1.Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region,Tongren University,Tongren 554300,Guizhou Province,China;2.Guizhou Jingyuan Technology Co.,Ltd,Tongren 565300,Guizhou Province,China)Abstract:To explore the effects of different covering materials on the soil properties and fruit quality of citrus orchards in mountainous yellow soil areas,the Eyuan 38 citrus was used as the research object to study the effects of four covering methods on the surface soil 文章编号:1007-4929(2023)09-0025-07收稿日期:2023-05-06 接受日期:2023-06-05基金项目:贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室(黔科合平台人才【2020】2003);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教合KY字【2022】067号);铜仁市科技支撑计划项目(铜市科研【2020】81号);铜仁学院硕士点及学科建设研究项目(Trxyxwdxm-036);大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202310665032,202210665034)。作者简介:余高(1988-),男,副教授,研究方向为土壤改良与肥力研究。E-mail:。通讯作者:陈芬(1987-),女,博士,教授,主要从事土壤改良与植物营养研究。E-mail:。25不同覆盖对山地黄壤区表层土壤性质及柑橘品质的影响 余高 陈芬 田霞 等nutrients,enzyme activity,citrus yield,and fruit quality of citrus orchards,including white film(T1),black film(T2),horticultural cloth(T3),and corn straw(T4).The results showed that:Compared with CK,except for T4 treatment,which significantly increased the pH value of orchard soil,T1,T2,and T3 treatments significantly decreased the pH value of citrus orchard soil.The four mulching treatments all effectively increased the content of organic matter and available nutrients in the surface soil of the citrus orchard,among which the content of organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the T4 treatment significantly increased by 15.76%,62.12%,22.71%,and 44.28%compared to CK.The four mulching treatments all improved soil enzyme activities to a certain extent,and the activities of catalase,urease,sucrase,and acid phosphatase in T4 treatment significantly increased by 23.08%,61.11%,172.54%,and 72.73%compared to CK treatment.The four mulching treatments also effectively improved the quality of citrus fruit,significantly increasing the yield,weight per fruit,edible rate,juice percentage,soluble solids,and solid acid ratio by 6.89%14.22%,8.84%15.51%,2.51%4.47%,3.12%7.59%,4.60%10.73%,and 11.39%25.65%,respectively,compared to CK.The content of vitamin C in T4 treatment was the highest,significantly increasing by 23.33%compared to CK,while the content of titratable acid in T4 treatment significantly decreased by 11.11%compared to CK.The correlation analysis results indicate that organic matter,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,and available potassium content are the main influencing factors on citrus yield and fruit quality.In summary,continuous coverage can effectively improve the soil fertility of citrus orchards,improve the level of soil nutrient supply,stimulate soil enzyme activity,and improve the quality of citrus.Corn straw mulching has the best effect.Key words:Covering with different materials;covering materials;mountain yellow soil;citrus;soil properties;soil nutrients;soil enzyme activity;yield and quality0引 言黄壤是贵州省山地主要的土壤类型之一,占到全省旱、耕地面积的 46.2%,是贵州省粮食、经济作物的主要生产基地。然而,由于贵州地处云贵高原东侧,喀斯特地形地貌典型,月、季降雨量时空分布不均,湿润气候背景下临时性干旱频发,造成耕地土层浅薄,水土流失严重,这使得贵州山地黄壤生产力低下,严重制约着贵州省农业的健康可持续发展。覆盖能有效改善土壤微环境,调节土壤养分状况,增加微生物数量及活性,具有较好地提质增效等作用1,近年来已在中国得到广泛应用与推广,成效巨大。有学者预计,2025年我国地膜覆盖面积将增加到2.34107 hm22,3。覆盖主要包括塑料薄膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖4。李文旺等5研究表明,覆盖可以改善土壤水热状况,提高土壤酶活性,并能有效增加大蒜产量和品质。曹寒冰等6研究发现,地膜覆盖能加速旱地麦田土壤养分的矿化速率,提高其温度敏感性。李昱鹏等7研究表明,秸秆覆盖能显著提高北方梨枣产量,并有效改善梨枣的果实品质。还有研究发现,覆盖能通过改变土壤水热条件、养分以及树樘内部光照等来影响果实品质的形成,进而有效提高果园产量和果实品质8,9。总的来看,目前关于覆盖措施作用于旱地作物、设施园艺及北方果园的研究多有报道5-10,且大多只开展了1 a的研究,鲜少有关注在南方柑橘园连续覆盖不同材料2 a后柑橘园土壤理化特性及柑橘果实品质的差异比较研究。柑橘是世界上种植面积和果实产量第一的水果11,具有丰富的营养价值和较高的经济效益,而土壤作为柑橘根系生长和养分吸收的基础,土壤环境条件与养分供应状况是柑橘生长发育和果实品质提升的重要保障12。通过比较分析不同覆盖材料下柑橘园表层土壤养分、酶活性和柑橘产量、果实品