典型
椎管
神经
MRI
影像
表现
网络出版地址:20.1100.014.html临床研究网络出版时间:2 0 2 3-0 4-2 109:31:16D0I:10.13339/ki.sglc.20230420.007316-BME&Clin Med,May 2023,Vol.27,No.3生物医学工程与临床2 0 2 3年5月第2 7 卷第3期不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤MRI影像学表现邹悄悄,王铭梁,李文彬摘要:目的为探讨不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤的MRI影像学表现,提高对该疾病的诊断率。方法选择34例经手术病理诊断证实的不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤患者,其中男性19例,女性15例;年龄18 8 3岁,平均年龄50.9岁(标准差16.7岁);肿瘤单发2 8 例,多发6 例;平均直径2.5cm(标准差1.3cm)。分析患者临床、病理诊断及MRI诊断资料,观察肿瘤的数目、发病部位、大小、形态、生长方式、信号特点、囊性变、出血及强化方式。结果椎管内神经鞘瘤单发者被误诊为脊膜瘤者10 例,室管膜瘤9例,血管瘤7 例,神经源性肿瘤1例,管囊肿1例;多发者被误诊为神经纤维瘤病5例,1例被误诊为室管膜瘤。不典型神经鞘瘤位于髓内者3例,髓外硬膜下者14例,椎管内者14例,硬膜外者1例,椎管内及皮下者1例,髓外硬膜下及椎管内者1例;单发者有2 8 例,多发者有6 例;MRI快速自旋回波T,加权成像(T,WI)、快速自选回波T,加权成像(TWI)信号多样,以T,低信号、T2高信号为主,增强扫描以不均匀明显强化为主,肿瘤可伴有囊变、出血。结论不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤MRI影像学表现定性诊断困难,需全面综合分析并借助CT、脊髓血管造影等影像学手段,可帮助明确诊断。关键词:不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤;MRI;诊断与鉴别诊断中图分类号:R445.2;R7 39.42文献标识码:A文章编号:10 0 9-7 0 90(2 0 2 3)0 3-0 316-0 6MR imaging characteristic of atypical spinal SchwannomaZOU Qiao-qiao,WANG Ming-liang,LI Wen-bin(Department of Radiology,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth Peoples Hospital,Shanghai200233,China)Corresponding author:LI Wen-bin.E-mail:.Abstract:Objective To study the MR imaging features of atypical spinal Schwannoma,and improve diagnosis accuracy ofthe diseases.Methods A total of 34 patients with surgically pathologically confirmed atypical intradural Schwannoma wereenrolled,which included 19 males and 15 females,ages 18-83 years old with mean age of 50.9 years old(standard deviation16.7 years old).Tumors were solitary in 28 cases and multiple in 6 cases;mean tumor diameter was 2.5 cm(standard deviation1.3 cm).Clinical,pathological and MRI diagnostic data of patients were analyzed,and number,site,size,morphology,growthpattern,signal characteristics,cystic changes,hemorrhage and enhancement pattern of tumors were observed.Results Thesingle spinal Schwannoma was misdiagnosed as meningioma in 10 cases,ependymoma in 9,hemangioma in 7,neurogenic tumorin 1 and sacral cyst in 1.The multiple spinal Schwannoma were misdiagnosed as neurofibromatosis in 5 cases,and ependymomain 1 case.Atypical Schwannoma of 3 cases were located at intramedullary,14 located at intradural and extramedullary space,14located at intraspinal space,1 located at extradural space,1 located at intraspinal and subcutaneous space,1 located at ex-tramedullary and intradural space and intraspinal space.There were 28 cases of single lesion and 6 of multiple lesions.The MRIT,-weighted imaging(T,WI)and T2-weighted imaging(T,WI)signals were diverse,mainly showed low-signal on T,and high-signalon T2,heterogeneous and obvious enhancement on contrast images,and tumor was accompanied by cystic changes and hemor-rhage.Conclusion It is demonstrated that the qualitative diagnosis of atypical spinal Schwannoma is difficult,comprehensiveanalysis of MRI signs and combined CT,spinal angiography and other imaging means can improve correct diagnosis.Key words:atypical spinal Schwannoma;MRI;diagnosis and differential diagnosis神经鞘瘤(Schwannoma)又被称为雪旺细胞瘤,属于神经源性肿瘤,可发生于任何部位,位于椎管内者最常见于髓外硬膜下,占脊柱肿瘤的55%。典型的椎管内神经鞘瘤在MRI上表现为沿神经走行的T等低信号、T2高信号的肿块,多呈梭形、椭圆形,跨越椎间孔生长时可出现哑铃形,是诊断神经鞘瘤的特征性表现之一2 。随着对神经鞘瘤的CT、M R表现的认识不断提高,对于典型椎管内神经鞘瘤目前相对容易在术前将其与椎管内其他肿瘤成功鉴别3,但对不典型神经鞘瘤仍存在误诊现象。笔者收集了上海交通大作者单位:上海交通大学附属第六人民医院放射科,上海2 0 0 2 33作者简介:邹悄悄(1996 一),女,浙江宁波市人,硕士研究生,主要从事神经系统影像研究。电话:1396 8 8 917 0 2。E-mail:。基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(8 190 17 2 7)通信作者:李文彬(196 4一),男,湖南湘潭市人,博士,教授,主任医师,博导,主要从事神经系统影像研究。电话:0 2 1-2 40 56 0 47。E-mail:。版权保护,不得翻录。31生物医学工程与临床2 0 2 3年5月第2 7 卷第3期BME&Clin Med,May 2023,Vol.27,No.3学附属第六人民医院术前误诊经术后病理诊断证实为椎管内神经鞘瘤的34例患者,并对其影像学表现进行分析,旨在加深对不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤的认识,提高该疾病临床诊断率1资料与方法1.1临床资料选择2 0 16 年11月至2 0 2 1年11月在上海交通大学附属第六人民医院术前诊断错误不典型椎管内神经鞘瘤患者34例,其中男性19例,女性15例;年龄1883岁,平均年龄50.9岁(标准差16.7 岁);肿瘤单发2 8 例,多发6 例;平均直径2.5cm(标准差1.3cm)。术后均经病理诊断证实。34例神经鞘瘤患者中,其中以疼痛为主要症状有2 5例,以肢体乏力为主要症状有5例,同时出现上述两种症状的有4例。1.2方法1.2.1MRI扫描所有患者均行MRI平扫+增强检查;MRI采用德国SiemensMagnetomVerio3.0T。先进行常规平扫,轴位快速自旋回波T加权成像(T2-weighted imaging,T,WI):回波时间(echotime,TE)2 0 ms,重复时间(repetition time,TR)3000 ms;矢状位 T,WI:TE 110 ms、TR3000ms;快速自旋回波Ti加权成像(T,-weightedimaging,T,WI):TE12ms、T R50 0 ms;增强扫描:按照23mL/s流率为患者经肘前静脉进行注射喷替酸葡甲胺,后进行冠状位、轴位T,WI、矢状位检查。MRI图像结果由2 名具有5年临床经验的放射科医师诊断分析得出1.2.2病理检查取得手术标本,先进行大体标本观察,记录肿瘤的巨检情况。所有肿瘤病理大体标本均经过4%甲醛溶液固定、脱水、石蜡包埋后4m切片、苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染染色和免疫组织化学染色,在光学显微镜下观察1.2.3观察指标观察肿瘤瘤体外观、镜下特征及免疫组织化学结果。分析MRI表现,包括肿瘤的数目、发病部位、大小、形态、生长方式、信号特点、囊性变、出血及强化方式。2丝结果2.1手术及病理观察所见术后大体病理提示绝大多数神经鞘瘤为有包膜的灰白色、灰黄色质地中等或质软的结节。40 个肿瘤平均直径2.5cm(标准差1.3cm)。光学显微镜下见肿瘤细胞疏松区与密集区交织分布,瘤细胞多呈梭形、呈栅栏状或星网状排列,可见增生的血管图像,管壁增厚,可见多个囊变坏死区呈黏液样基质改变。其中囊变者19例,出血者8 例,均未见钙化。神经鞘瘤免疫组织化学表现为S100(+)34例,转录因子(Sry-re-latedHMG-BOXgene10,SOX10)(+)28例,上皮膜抗原(epithelial membrane antigen,EMA)(-)32 例,胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)(+)22例,细胞增殖核抗原(nuclear-associatedantigenki67,Ki-67)(+)34例(31例Ki-6710%,1例为59%)。2.2MRI诊断结果34例椎管内神经鞘瘤,单发者被误诊为脊膜瘤者10 例(图1),其中7 例因肿瘤的形态、信号特征与脊膜瘤相似,而未出现明显的硬膜尾征被误诊;室管膜瘤9例(图2),因肿瘤位于髓内、椎管内且出现出血、广泛性囊变而被误诊;血管瘤7 例(图3),因肿瘤出现出血,增强后可见明显强化而被误诊;神经源性肿瘤1例;骶管囊肿1例(图4),因肿瘤位于骶管内,增强后囊变区内可见结节样强化而被误诊;多发者被误诊为神经纤维瘤病5例(图5),因肿瘤多发、形态、信号特征与神经纤维瘤病相似而被误诊;1例被误诊为室管膜瘤2.3MRI影像学表现数目与部位:肿瘤单发者有2 8 例,多发者有6例,共发现肿瘤数40