草地藏系绵羊冬、春羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及经济效益对比分析.pdf

SILIAO GONGYE2023年第44卷第17期 总第686期草地藏系绵羊冬、春羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及经济效益对比分析 付 建1 陈志远1 陈 勇2 吴毅鹏3 董彦强1 易宗容4 杨发龙5*(1.阿坝职业学院，四川阿坝 623200；2.阿坝州畜牧科学技术研究所，四川阿坝 624603；3.若尔盖县科学技术和农业畜牧局，四川阿坝 624599；4.宜宾职业技术学院，四川宜宾 644003；5.西南民族大学青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室，四川成都 610041）作者简介：付建，硕士，研究方向为畜禽生态养殖。*通讯作者：杨发龙，教授，硕士生导师。收稿日期：2023-06-05基金项目：2021年四川省科技厅科技计划项目2021YJ0288摘 要：试验旨在研究草地藏系绵羊冬、春羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及经济效益。选取90只基础母羊同群放牧管理，投入3只公羊进行自然交配，按出生时间选取体重相近、体况健康的冬羔和春羔各30只，每组3个重复，每个重复10只羊，两组分群轮牧管理，归牧后分组补饲，试验结束时从每组中选10只羊屠宰。结果显示：两组间初生重及2、4、6、8、9月龄体重差异极显著（P0.01）；两组间2月龄体高和体长、4月龄体长、6月龄胸围和9月龄体高差异显著（P0.05），4月龄体高，6月龄体高和体长，8月龄体高、体长和胸围，9月龄体长和胸围差异极显著（P0.05）；两组间宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积差异极显著（P0.05）；两组间心脏重量、肝脏重量、肾脏重量、瘤胃重量、网胃重量、皱胃重量、心脏指数、毛皮指数、瘤胃占复胃的比例和网胃占复胃的比例差异显著（P0.05），两组间脾脏指数、肝脏指数、头指数、蹄指数、瘤胃指数、网胃指数、瓣胃指数和皱胃指数差异极显著（P0.05）；冬羔组每只羊的纯利润要比春羔组提高29.61%。综上可知，冬羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育和经济效益要高于春羔。关键词：冬羔；春羔；生长性能；屠宰性能；器官发育；经济效益doi:10.13302/ki.fi.2023.17.013中图分类号：S815.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-991X（2023）17-0075-06Comparative Analysis on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Organ Development andEconomic Benefit of Tibetan Sheep in Winter and Spring on GrasslandFU Jian1 CHEN Zhiyuan1 CHEN Yong2 WU Yipeng3 DONG Yanqiang1 YI Zongrong4 YANG Falong5*(1.Aba Vocational College,Sichuan Aba 623200,China;2.Aba Prefecture Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Research Institute,Sichuan Aba 624603,China;3.Ruoergai County Bureau of Science,Technology,Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Sichuan Aba 624599,China;4.Yibin Vocational College,Sichuan Yibin 644003,China;5.Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Protection andUtilization of Animal Genetic Resources in the Qingzang Plateau,Southwest University for Nationalities,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China)Abstract：The experiment aims to study the growth performance,slaughter performance,organ development,and economic benefits of winter and spring lambs of grassland Tibetan sheep.A total of 90 basic ewes were selected for grazing management in the same group,and three rams were used for natural mating.30 winter lambs and 30 spring lambs with similar weight and healthy body condition were selected according to the time of birth,with three replicates in each group and 10 lambs in each replicates.The two groups were divided into groups for rotational grazing management.After being returned to the herd,10 lambs were selected from each group for supplementary feeding.At the end of the trial,10 lambs were slaughtered from each group.The results showed that there was a significant differ75反刍动物2023年第44卷第17期 总第686期草地藏系绵羊是川西北草地牧区的主要畜种，区域内存栏200多万只，其中若尔盖县是草地藏系绵羊养殖较多且较集中的地区，现存栏60多万只。目前草地藏系绵羊主要采取全放牧饲养管理方式，导致在暖季结束时达不到出栏体重和肉质要求，所以一般肉羊出栏年龄在1.5岁以上，严重影响了草地藏系绵羊的养殖收益。目前，国内对草地藏系绵羊的研究主要集中在不同的补饲量、不同的粗精比、不同杂交群体、不同屠宰体重及不同年龄阶段下的生长性能、屠宰性能及经济效益的分析，而对草地藏系绵羊冬、春羔的生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及经济效益的研究较少。祁占胜等1进行了滩羊冬羔、春羔生产效果对比试验，发现冬羔的总体经济收益要大于春羔。高峰2研究了冬羔、早春羔育肥效果及前景，发现冬羔、早春羔育肥错季出栏可以提高羊肉品质，与市场需求一致。徐田伟等3研究日粮精料水平对藏系绵羊春季生长性能、血清生化指标及养殖收益的影响，结果发现采用45%精料日粮可以获得较好的养殖收益。董银莲4对乌珠穆沁羊养殖示范户的养殖效益进行分析，发现冬羔较春羔平均多收益144.9元/只。尹君亮5进行了放牧地区晚春羔当年育肥效果试验，发现春羔日均增重达到 200 g以上，平均胴体重达 18 kg以上。刘艳丰等6研究了沙棘黄酮对阿勒泰羊冬羔生长性能和脂肪酶活性的影响，发现沙棘黄酮对阿勒泰羊冬羔的脂肪沉积在表观上有降低作用，能提高瘦肉率。杨奎花等7用畜群结构模型分析评价了冬羔生产技术及经济效益，发现冬羔生产与两种春羔生产方式相比，每只生产母羊的净利润增加10%和27%。本试验以若尔盖县的草地藏系绵羔羊为研究对象，在当年6月份对基础母羊进行适当补饲，使基础母羊提早发情和配种，针对出生的冬、春羔进行全程补饲精料补充料，在翌年10月底之前全部出栏，对比分析补饲精料补充料对冬、春羔生长性能、屠宰性能、器官发育及经济效益的影响，以期探索冬、春羔最佳养殖路线，为川西北高寒牧区草地藏系绵羊当年育肥出栏路线提供参考依据。1 材料与方法1.1 试验动物若尔盖县是川西北地区藏系绵羊养殖较为集中地区，生态环境条件与饲养管理方式具有较强的代表性。试验草场在若尔盖县辖曼镇文戈村若尔盖县藏畜生态养ence in birth weight between the two groups at two months,four months,six months,eight months,and nine months of age(P0.01);There were significant differences in body height and length at two months,body length at four months,chest circumference at six months,and body height at nine months between the two groups(P0.05).There were extremely significant differences in body height and length at four months,body height and length at six months,body height and length at eight months,body length and chest circumference at eight months,and body length and chest circumference at nine months(P0.05);the difference in live weight,carcass weight,slaughter rate,and eye muscle area between the two groups was extremely significant(P0.05);there were significant differences(P0.05)between the two groups in heart weight,liver weight,kidney weight,rumen weight,reticulum weight,abomasum weight,heart index,fur index,proportion of rumen to regurgitation,and proportion of reticulum to regurgitation.There were significant differences(P0.01)between the two groups in spleen index,liver index,head index,hoof index,tumor stomach index,reticulum index,omasum index,and abomasum index.There were also significant differences(P0.05);The net profit of each sheep in the winter lamb group increased by 29.61%compared to the spring lamb group.In summary,it can be seen that the growth performance,slaughter performance,organ development,and economic benefits of winter lambs are higher than those of spring lambs.Key words：winter lamb;spring lamb;growth performance;slaughter performance;organ development;econ