草甘膦与新型原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂X18002复配减量应用研究.pdf

研究论文doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2023.0060草甘膦与新型原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂 X18002复配减量应用研究王均伟1,黄晓慧1,杨然迪1,袁静1,王大伟2,陈杰*,1,席真2(1.浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院，杭州311300；2.农药工程研究中心(天津)，南开大学化学学院元素有机化学国家重点实验室，天津300071)摘 要：为降低草甘膦用量，减缓抗性杂草产生，扩大其杀草谱，采用室内生物测定法，研究了温度、光照及模拟降雨等环境因子对草甘膦和新型 PPO 抑制剂 X18002 化学名称：3-(2-氯-5-(3,5-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-4-硫代-1,3,5-三嗪-1-基)-4-乙基-氟苯基)-5-甲基-4,5-二氢异噁唑-5-羧酸酯 除草活性的影响，同时研究了 2 种药剂在杂草体内的吸收传导性，比较两种药剂的差异性并探究其复配的必要性，通过复配配比筛选试验确定最优配比后开展混配田间试验，明确使用剂量和应用技术。结果表明：在高(3035)、中(2025)温条件下，草甘膦(有效剂量600.0g/hm2)和 X18002(有效剂量 37.50g/hm2)对马齿苋 Portulaca oleraceaL.和牛筋草 Eleusineindica(L.)Gaertn.的鲜重抑制率在 83.48%100.0%之间，显著高于其在低温(1015)条件下的鲜重抑制率。在照度 022000lx 范围内，X18002 在 37.50g/hm2下对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率分别为 16.03%95.46%和 2.24%85.04%，均随照度升高而显著增大，属于需光型除草剂；而草甘膦在 600.0g/hm2下对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率随照度的升高差异不显著，属于非需光型除草剂。施用 X18002(37.50g/hm2)后 0.58h 内进行模拟降雨，其对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率分别为 100.0%和 81.76%87.62%，均与未降雨处理之间无显著差异，表明X18002 具有良好的耐雨水冲刷能力；而施用草甘膦(600.0g/hm2)后 0.58h 内模拟降雨，其对马齿苋和牛筋草的鲜重抑制率均显著低于未模拟降雨处理，表明草甘膦的耐雨水冲刷能力较弱。吸收传导性试验表明，2 种药剂均可被苘麻 Abutilon theophrastiMedic.的根、茎、叶吸收，但相较于 X18002 只具有向上传导能力，草甘膦则具有向上和向下双向传导能力。复配配比筛选试验表明，X18002 与草甘膦分别按质量比 1:10 和 1:20 复配，其对 3 种供试杂草小飞蓬 Erigeron canadensisL.、牛筋草 E.indica 和碎米莎草 Cyperus iriaL.均表现出增效作用。田间试验结果表明，X18002+草甘膦按有效剂量为 45.0+450.0g/hm2混配处理后对空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.、小飞蓬E.canadensis、狗尾草 Setaria viridis(L.)Beauv.和碎米莎草 C.iria 等杂草的总防效均优于草甘膦单剂 1200.0g/hm2处理或与之相当，可实现草甘膦减量 750.0g/hm2，且该混配处理速效性优于草甘膦，持效期优于 X18002。关键词:草甘膦；原卟啉原氧化酶抑制剂；X18002；作用特性；除草剂混配；农药减量中图分类号：S482.4文献标志码：A收稿日期：2023-05-22；录用日期：2023-06-14；网络首发日期：2023-07-12.Received:May22,2023;Accepted:June14,2023;Published online:July12,2023.URL:https:/doi.org/10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2023.0060http:/ Journal of Pesticide ScienceE-mail:Study on usage reduction of glyphosate mixed with a novelprotoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor-X18002WANGJunwei1,HUANGXiaohui1,YANGRandi1,YUANJing1,WANGDawei2,CHENJie*,1,XIZhen2(1.College of Forestry and Biotechnology,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China;2.National Pesticide Engineering ResearchCenter(Tianjin),Department of Chemical Biology,College of Chemistry,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China)Abstract:Inordertoreducetheusageofglyphosate,delaythegrowthofglyphosate-resistantweeds,andexpandtheweedcontrolspectrumofglyphosate,theeffectoftemperature,lightandsimulatedrainfallonherbicidalactivity,andtheabsorptionandconductivityofglyphosateandX18002compoundnamewasethyl3-(2-chloro-5-(3,5-dimethyl-2,6-dioxo-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-5-carboxylatewerestudiedbyindoorbioassays.Mixtureproportionscreeningtestsandtank-mixfieldtrialswerecarriedoutafterinvestigatingthedifferencebetweenglyphosateandX18002andthenecessityofamixture.Theresultshowedthatthefresh-weightinhibitionrateofX18002(37.50ga.i/hm2)andglyphosate(600.0ga.i/hm2)againstPortulaca oleraceaL.andEleusine indica(L.)Gaertn.underhigh(30-35)andmedium(20-25)temperatureswere83.48%-100.0%,significantlyhigherthanthoseunderthelowtemperature(10-15).Theherbicidalactivitywassignificantlyreducedunderlowtemperature.Thefresh-weightinhibitionratesofX18002(37.50ga.i/hm2)were16.03%-95.46%and2.24%-85.04%,significantlyincreasedwiththeincreaseofilluminancewithintherangeof0-22000lx.X18002wasprovedtobelight-demandingherbicide,whileglyphosatewasprovedtobealight-independentherbicide.X18002hadstableherbicideactivitywithnosignificantdecreaseoffresh-weightinhibitionratebetweensimulatedrainfallafter0.5hofapplication,whichwas100.0%and81.76%-87.62%toP.oleraceaandE.indica,andunsimulatedrainfallwithadoseof37.50ga.i/hm2.Glyphosatehadaweakrainfastnesswithasignificantdecreaseininhibitionratewhensimulatedrainfallwithin0.5-8hofapplicationcomparedtounsimulatedrainfallwithadoseof600.0ga.i/hm2.Theabsorptionandconductivitytestsshowedthatbothtwocompoundscouldbeabsorbedbytheroot,stem,andleafofAbutilon theophrasti Medic.ComparedtoX18002,whichonlyhadacropetaltranslocationcapability,glyphosatehadtheabilityofacropetalandbasipetaltranslocation.TheproportionsofmixturewhichshowedthesynergisticeffectonErigeroncanadensisL.,E.indicaandCyperus iriaL.were1:10and1:20.TheresultofthefieldtrialsshowedthattotalcontroleffectofX18002+glyphosatetank-mixat45.0+450.0ga.i./hm2dosageonAlternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.,E.canadensis,Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop.and C.iriawerebetterthanorequivalenttoglyphosateat1200.0ga.i./hm2treatment.Theusageofglyphosatecouldreduceto750.0ga.i./hm2.Meanwhile,X18002+glyphosatetank-mixat45.0+450.0ga.i./hm2treatmenthadafasteractionthanglyphosateandalongerlastingeffectiveperiodthanX18002.Keywords:glyphosate;protoporphyrinogenoxidaseinhibitor;X18002;actioncharacteristics;herbicidemixture;pesticidereduction草甘膦、草铵膦、环嗪酮、苯嘧磺草胺等非选择性除草剂常用于果园、苗圃、森林防火道、厂房、铁路和公路等非耕地杂草防除。其中草甘膦具有杀草谱广、除草活性高、内吸传导性良好和价格低廉等优点，应用最为广泛，不仅可应用于非耕地，亦可应用于耐草甘膦转基因作物耕地中。2019 年其市场规模占全球农药市场的 11.22%1，是全球最大的农药品种，其在杂草防除上的作用818农药学学报Vol.25不可替代。但随着草甘膦的推广和使用，杂草抗性问题日益严重，截止 2021 年，全球抗草甘膦杂草已达 48 种，占全球主要杂草种类的 47%以上2。目前，全球抗草甘膦杂草已增至 51 种，且越来越多的研究表明，草甘膦对土壤微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和脲酶、磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶等酶活性存在影响并改变土壤微生物群落丰度、结构和功能，进而改变土壤微生态环境和植物抗病特性3-7。因此，通过草甘膦与其