不同倍性白姜花切花挥发性成分差异分析.pdf

热带亚热带植物学报 2023,31(4):585 594 Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany 收稿日期收稿日期:2022-02-28 接受日期接受日期:2022-08-24 基金项目基金项目:广东省创新强校工程基础研究重点项目及应用研究重点项目(2018KZDXM049)；广州市科技计划项目(201804010413,202102080244)；广东第二师范学院大学生创新创业训练计划(202114278106,202214278097)；广东省大学生攀登计划项目(pdjh2022b0383)资助 This work was supported by the Project for Basic and Application Research of Guangdong Provincial Innovation School(Grant No.2018KZDXM049),the Program for Science and Technology Planning of Guangzhou(Grant No.201804010413,202102080244),the Project for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong University of Education(Grant No.202114278106,202214278097),and the Climbing Program for College Students in Guangdong(Grant No.pdjh2022b0383).作者简介:张爱玲(1977 年生)，女，副教授，主要从事动植物分子遗传学研究和教学工作。E-mail:*通讯作者 Corresponding author.E-mail: 不同倍性白姜花切花挥发性成分差异分析不同倍性白姜花切花挥发性成分差异分析 张爱玲,涂红艳,肖望*,陆秋婵,钟晓晴,吕雨欣,易新萍,卢娜,何灏城(广东第二师范学院生物与食品工程学院，广东高校应用生态工程技术开发中心，广州 510303)摘要：摘要：为比较二倍体和四倍体白姜花(Hedychium coronarium)切花挥发性成分差异，采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定了二倍体和四倍体白姜花切花初开期、盛开期和初衰期释放物质种类，通过峰面积归一法测定了各成分的相对含量，建立正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型进行主成分分析和变量重要性投影(VIP)分析。结果表明，白姜花切花挥发性成分包含 63 种萜烯类、40 种苯丙素类和 22 种脂肪酸衍生物类物质；萜烯类物质相对含量大于其他两类，四倍体白姜花在初开和盛开期挥发物质总质量极显著大于二倍体。二倍体与四倍体挥发性成分的组间差距明显，两个倍性组内差距在正常范围内；挥发性成分约 63.7%的代表性特征得到较好聚类；优势成分和劣势成分均是两个倍性白姜花差异的重要成分。在盛开期和初衰期，-罗勒烯是四倍体特有的且相对含量最大的优势成分，-罗勒烯是二倍体中相对含量最大且显著多于四倍体的优势成分；二倍体和四倍体共有的优势成分和贡献较大的物质是石竹烯、沉香醇、桉树脑、-金合欢烯和苯甲酸甲酯等。总体上，二倍体白姜花在四倍化过程中挥发性成分种类和总含量增加，相同倍性不同时期的挥发性成分种类和含量也存在差异，白姜花切花的挥发性成分以萜烯类为主。关键词：关键词：白姜花；四倍体；挥发性成分；气相色谱-质谱联用；罗勒烯 doi:10.11926/jtsb.4629 Volatile Components in Cut Flowers of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium ZHANG Ailing,TU Hongyan,XIAO Wang*,LU Qiuchan,ZHONG Xiaoqing,L Yuxin,YI Xinping,LU Na,HE Haocheng(College of biology and food engineering,Development Center of Applied Ecology and Ecological Engineering in Guangdong Universities,Guangdong University of Education,Guangzhou 510303,China)Abstract:In order to compare the difference of volatile components in cut flowers of diploid and tetraploid Hedychium coronarium,the types of volatile components released from cut flowers were determined by headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)at initial opening,blooming and early decay stages.The relative content of each component was determined by the peak area normalization method,and the orthogonal partial least quadratic discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)model was established for principal component analysis and variable importance projection(VIP)analysis.The results showed that there were 63 terpenoids,40 phenylpropanoids,and 22 fatty acid derivatives identified from the cut flowers.The relative content of terpenoids was higher than that of the other components.The total volatile 586 热带亚热带植物学报 第 31 卷 mass of tetraploid flowers was significantly higher than those of diploids at initial opening and blooming stages.The difference of volatile components between diploid and tetraploid groups was obvious,and the difference within the two ploid groups was within the normal range.About 63.7%representative characteristics of volatile compounds were clustered.The variance analysis of the volatile compounds showed that the dominant and minor compounds contributed to the difference between the diploid and tetraploid.During blooming and early decaying stages,-ocimene was the dominant component of tetraploid with the highest relative content,while-ocimene was the dominant component with the highest relative content in diploid and significantly more than that in tetraploid.The common dominant components and contributions of diploid and tetraploid were caryophyllene,linalool,cineole,-farnesene,and methyl benzenecarboxylate.Therefore,the types and total contents of volatile components increased with quadrupling process,and the types and contents of volatile components at different periods of the same ploidy were also different.The main volatile components of H.coronarium were terpenes.Key words:Hedychium coronarium;Tetraploid;Volatile compounds;GC-MS;Ocimene 植物花朵可以分泌低分子量挥发性次生代谢物，赋予花朵独特的香味，在植物的繁殖、观赏性方面发挥着重要的作用1。白姜花(Hedychium coro-narium)为姜科(Zingiberaceae)姜花属多年生草本植物，分布于整个热带地区2。香气浓郁怡人是白姜花的显著特征之一，加之洁白的花色和飘逸的花形，使其成为南方地区流行的重要切花品种。此外，白姜花还是重要的药用植物，其花、根、茎含有多种活性成分，在我国南方地区是一种重要民间药物34。分析白姜花切花挥发性成分组成及在开放过程中的变化规律，将有助于解析白姜花挥发性成分合成的调控机理，为开发利用白姜花潜在的经济价值提供科学资料。多倍体诱导是药用和观赏植物改良的有效策略。花卉的芳香物质不仅在不同开花时期呈现种类和释放量的差异，在其多倍化过程中也会产生较大的变化，不同倍性手参(Gymnadenia conopseas)的挥发性成分组成呈现显著差异56，说明多倍化对挥发性成分的合成和表达产生了影响。与二倍体相比，四倍体植物不仅具有更大的体型和花型等特征，多倍化后重复基因表达剂量也增强了代谢活性，组织和器官中次生代谢物(比如挥发性成分)等浓度会得到提升，这些新产生的表型、次生代谢物质的含量变化等在农业上具有潜在的应用价值7。课题组前期通过薄片培养结合秋水仙素诱导技术获得了白姜花四倍体植株，与二倍体植株相比，白姜花四倍体不仅植株高大，花器官变大，而且还散发出更为浓郁的花香8。本研究通过顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对白姜花二倍体和四倍体在初开期、盛开期和初衰期的挥发性成分种类进行鉴定，测定挥发性成分的含量，采用主成分分析法对花朵不同发育时期的主要挥发性成分进行分析，探讨白姜花在多倍化过程中挥发性成分组成和释放的规律变化。1 材料和方法 1.1 材料材料 本研究于 20192020 年在广东第二师范学院和华南农业大学测试中心完成。白姜花(Hedychium coronarium)二倍体和四倍体采自广州市从化试验基地。将花枝保留大约 45 cm 剪下，插入水中带回实验室备用。选取初开期、盛开期和初衰期的小花用于挥发性成分含量的测定。初开期指花苞完全伸出苞叶、小花花瓣微展约 30(图 1:A)；盛开期指小花花瓣完全展开，花瓣呈约