槟榔化学成分、药理、毒性研究进展及质量标志物预测分析.pdf

天然产物研究与开发NatProdResDev2023,35:1431-1441,1456槟榔化学成分、药理、毒性研究进展及质量标志物预测分析策力木格,许许良2*1内蒙古民族大学蒙医药学院；内蒙古民族大学化学与材料学院，通辽0 2 8 0 0 0摘要：槟榔是我国常用的中药材，被列为四大南药之首，槟榔果实又为咀嚼嗜好品，具有广泛的药理活性又具毒性。近年来,国内外学者关于槟榔研究逐渐深入，,槟榔中化学成分类型较多,具有多种药理作用,本文对其化学成分、药理作用、毒性作用等进行归纳总结的基础上从槟榔特有化学成分、可测成分、传统药性功效、炮制对化学成分的影响、人血成分和等多个方面进行槟榔质量标志物预测分析，筛选可作为槟榔质量标志物的首选成分及备选成分。为建立槟榔质量控制与评价体系提供参考。关键词：槟榔；化学成分；药理作用；毒性作用；质量标志物中图分类号：R917D01:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2023.8.016Research progress in chemical composition,pharmacology and toxicity ofAreca Semen and prediction and analysis of its quality markers文献标识码：ACelimuge,XU Liang.2*文章编号：10 0 1-6 8 8 0(2 0 2 3)8-1431-12Mongolian Medical College,Inner Mongolia Minzu University;2 College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,ChinaAbstract:Arecae Semen is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine in China,and is listed as the first of the four southernmedicines.Areca nut is also a chewing hobby,which has a wide range of pharmacological activities and toxicity.In recentyears,domestic and foreign scholars have gradually deepened their research on Arecae Semen.There are many types of chemi-cal components in Arecae Semen,which have a variety of pharmacological effects.Based on the summary of its chemical com-ponents,pharmacological effects,toxic effects,clinical applications,and consumption,this paper analyzes the specific chemicalcomponents,measurable components,traditional medicinal efficacy,the impact of processing on chemical components Theblood components were used to predict and analyze the quality markers of Arecae Semen,and the preferred and alternativecomponents of Arecae Semen quality markers were screened.It provides reference for establishing quality control and evalua-tion system of Arecae Semen.Key words:Arecae Semen;chemical composition;pharmacological action;toxic effect;quality marker槟榔（Arecae Semen）为常用天然药物，系为棕榈科植物槟榔（Areca catechu L.）的成熟种子。中药名为槟榔、青仔、槟榔玉等，主要用于驱杀寄生虫及助消化等；蒙药名为高尤、巴塔，主要用于治疗肾赫依、肾瘤、疾虫病、龋齿牙痛等；傣药名为戈吗、卖岗，主要用于治虫积、食滞、皖腹胀痛、疮疾、脚气、痰癖等;哈尼药名为么佬习,用于驱虫、虫;黎药名收稿日期:2 0 2 2-0 9-2 0接受日期：2 0 2 3-0 4-2 5基金项目：国家自然科学基金（8 156 0 7 0 2）；蒙药研发国家地方联合工程研究中心开放基金（MDK2021034）；内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目（GXKY22137）；内蒙古自治区研究生科研创新项目（B20210204Z)*通信作者Tel:86-013947521310;E-mail:为给龙、意隆,用于治疗缭虫病,并用其水煎液制成滴眼药水治疗青光眼。维药名为福非力,治虫、虫、姜片虫病、虫积腹痛、积滞泻痫、湿热性牙周炎、牙齿出血、白带过多、早泄遗精、小便不利、经脉不通、出血、健忘等；藏药名为果玉,用于治疗肾脏疾、牙痛、食积腹胀、驱虫、痢疾等；壮药名为芒兵郎，用于除瘴毒、通谷道、驱虫等 1。槟榔化学成分有多酚类、生物碱类、脂肪酸类等，一般认为生物碱及多酚为其主要药效成分。槟榔具有促消化、抗抑郁等多种药理作用及致口腔癌、生殖毒性等毒性作用。本文通过查阅相关文献对槟榔研究进展进行综述的基础上,基于中药质量标志物（Q-Marker)的理论,从1432槟榔特有化学成分、可测化学成分、传统药性功效、炮制对成分的影响、人血成分和预测等方面对槟榔Q-Marker成分进行预测分析，为明确槟榔Q-Marker和制定科学的质量标准提供理论基础。1化学成分槟榔含有包括多酚类、三类、生物碱类等多种类别编号ClassificationNo.生物碱1Alkaloid234567891011多酚12Polyphenol131415161718195,7,4-三羟基-3,5-二甲氧基黄酮5,7,4-Trihydroxy-3,5-dim ethoxy flavanone204,5-二羟基-3,5,7 -三甲氧基黄酮4,5-Dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy flavonone2122232425262728293031天然产物研究与开发化学成分。其中多酚和生物碱是其主要活性物质，酚类物质含量约为31%，总生物碱含量约为0.3%0.7%2，多糖含量约18.7%，脂肪酸含量约14%，粗纤维含量约10.8%，水分约9.9%，灰分约3.0%3。槟榔所含化学成分如表1、图1所示。表1槟榔所含化合物表Table 1Compounds contained in Arecae Semen化合物名称Compound name槟榔碱Arecoline槟榔次碱Arecaine去甲基槟榔碱Guvacoline去甲基槟榔次碱Guavacine异去甲槟榔次碱Isoguvacine高槟榔碱Homoarecoline槟榔锭Arecaidine烟酸甲酯Methyl nicotinate烟酸乙酯 Ethylnicotinate烟碱Nicotine甲基N-甲基哌啶-3-羧酸酯Ethyl N-methylpiperidine-3-carboxylate儿茶素 Catechin异鼠李素 Isorhamnetin金圣草黄素Chrysoeriol木犀草素 Luteolin单宁 Tannic acid甘草素 Liquiritigenin皮素 Quercetin巴西红厚壳素Jacareubin梧酸 Gallic acid表没食子儿茶素（-）-Epigallocatechin(-)-儿茶素酸酯Epigallocatechingallate表儿茶素Epicatechin原花青素A1ProcyanidinA1原花青素B1 Procyanidin B1原花青素B2Procyanidin B2Epicatechin-(48）-e p i c a t e c h i n-（48)-catechinEpicatechin-（46）-epicatechin-(48)-catechinVol.35分子式参考文献MolecularformulaRef.CgHi4 BrNO23C,H.NO23C,H/2 CINO23CHio CINO23C,Hio CINO233C,H/2 CINO24C,H,NO24C28 H37 N;O74CioHi4 N24C,Hi7 NO24Cis Hi4 065Ci6Hi2 075Ci6Hi2 065Cis Hio O65C7 Hs2 0 465Cis Hi2 046Cis Hio O76C17Hi4 0:6Ci7 Hi4 076CisHi4 066C,H.Os7Cis Hi4 077C2 Hi:O1l7Cis Hi4 068C30 H24 O 128C30 H26 O 128C30 H26 0 128Co H5o O249Co H5o O249原花青素B7ProcyanidinB7C 30 H26 0 12Vol.35续表 1(Continued Tab.1)类别编号ClassificationNo.多酚32Polyphenol 333435363738留体类39Steroids40414243葱醌类44Anthraquinones脂肪酸类Fatty Acids氨基酸Amino acid策力木格等：槟榔化学成分、药理、毒性研究进展及质量标志物预测分析香草酸Vanillic acid反式白藜芦醇Trans-3,4,5-trihydroxistilbene白黎芦醇Resveratrol阿魏酸Ferulic acid（+）-儿茶素（+）-Catechin无色天竺葵色素Pelargonidin Chloride羊齿烯醇Femenol过氧麦角甾醇Peroxy-ergosterol-谷笛醇-Sitosterol豆笛-4-烯-3-酮Stigmasta-4-en-3-OneDe-O-methyllasiodiplodin环阿尔廷醇Cycloartenol大黄素甲醚Physcion45癸酸 Capric acid46棕榈酸 Palmitic acid47油酸 Oleic acid 48辛酸Octanoic acid49月桂酸 Lauric acid50亚油酸 Linoleic acid51肉豆蔻酸Myristicacid52棕榈油酸Palmitoleic acid53十七碳酸Heptadecanoic acid54硬脂酸 Stearic acid55十二碳酸Dodecenoic acid56十四碳酸 Tetradecenic acid572-十六烯酸2-Hexadecenoic acid58王酸 Nonanoic acid59苯甲酸 Benzoic acid60十五烷酸Pentadecanoic acid61异亮氨酸L-Isoleucine62苏氨酸 L-Threonine63丝氨酸Serine64谷氨酸Glutamic acid65甘氨酸 Glycine66丙氨酸 Alanine67胱氨酸Cystine68氨酸Valine69L-蛋氨酸L-Methionine1433化合物名称分子式Compound nameMolecularformulaC.H:04Ci4 H/2 03Ci4Hi2 03CoH1oO4Cis Hi4 O6Cis H,ClOsC3o Hso OC2:H4 03C2g H5o OC2g H4s 0C1