3个不同类型西瓜品种果实发育过程中游离氨基酸的积累分析.pdf

果树学报2023，40（8）：1651-1665Journal of Fruit ScienceDOI:10.13925/ki.gsxb.202200873个不同类型西瓜品种果实发育过程中游离氨基酸的积累分析杨东东1，袁明2，路绪强1，龚成胜1，赵永1，袁飞2，刘文革1*（1中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所，郑州 450009；2东台国家现代农业产业园，江苏东台 224200）摘要：【目的】探讨3个不同类型西瓜果实中游离氨基酸含量和积累模式的差异及游离氨基酸在西瓜种质分类中的潜在价值。【方法】以3个不同类型的西瓜品种为试材，对不同发育时期果实中游离氨基酸进行测定分析。【结果】共检测到24种游离氨基酸，发现瓜氨酸、谷氨酰胺和甘氨酸在3个类型西瓜中含量（w，后同）较高，为0.10.5 gkg-1，且含量差异较大；精氨酸仅在冰糖脆中含量高，为0.12 gkg-1；其余游离氨基酸含量均低于0.05 gkg-1。在游离氨基酸含量的积累模式中，PI532726中17种呈抛物线型，6种呈上升型，1种为其他形式；宁夏红籽瓜中13种呈上升型，6种呈抛物线型，5种为其他形式；冰糖脆中11种呈“N”型，13种为其他形式。PI532726和宁夏红籽瓜中游离氨基酸含量和积累模式相似。【结论】3个类型西瓜果实中瓜氨酸、甘氨酸和谷氨酰胺含量高，且差异显著，精氨酸仅在冰糖脆中含量高；PI532726和宁夏红籽瓜中游离氨基酸含量和积累模式相似，与冰糖脆差异显著；对多种游离氨基酸含量和积累模式的结合分析可能在西瓜种质分类中发挥作用。关键词：西瓜；发育时期；游离氨基酸；积累模式；高效液相色谱中图分类号：S651文献标志码：A文章编号：1009-9980(2023)08-1651-15收稿日期：2022-03-17接受日期：2023-02-23基金项目：中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费项目（CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-25-03）；国家重点研发计划（2018YFD0100704）；“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项（NMMKJX202114）作者简介：杨东东，男，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为代谢组学。Tel：18317450925，E-mail：*通信作者Author for correspondence.Tel：0371-65330936，E-mail：Analysis of free amino acids accumulation during fruit development inthree different types of watermelonsYANG Dongdong1,YUAN Ming2,LU Xuqiang1,GONG Chengsheng1,ZHAO Yong1,YUAN Fei2,LIUWenge1*(1Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,CAAS,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;2Dongtai National Modern Agricultural Industrial Park,Dongtai 224200,Jiangsu,China)Abstract:【Objective】Watermelon belongs to the genus Watermelon in the Cucurbitaceae family.Ithas 7 species,and there are many varieties within the genus.Among them,egusi watermelon(Citrullusmucosospermus),seed edible watermelon(C.lanatus var.megalospermus)and common watermelon(C.lanatus var.vulgaris)have been cultivated at commercial scales.Common watermelon is a sweet-flesh watermelon for daily consumption.Egusi watermelon is an important economic crop in West Afri-can countries,and the seed edible watermelon is the main economic crop in the arid area of northwestChina.Free amino acids are not only important nutrients in watermelon fruit,but also an important ni-trogen source.They participate in fruit development and perform their respective functions,which areconnected to each other.Studies have shown that there are significant differences in the accumulationand content of some free amino acids such as citrulline in different varieties of watermelons.The differ-ences in metabolites can be used for distinguishing varieties.This study determined amino acids infruits at four development stages(10,18,26,34 d)in three watermelon varieties,PI532726(egusi wa-termelon),Ningxia Red Seed(seed edible watermelon)and Bing Tang Cui(common watermelon)with果树学报第40卷HPLC.The accumulation and metabolism of 24 kinds of free amino acids was analyzed.【Methods】Ac-cording to the development characteristics of different varieties,four watermelon fruit with the samegrowth and good development status were sampled for each variety and quickly frozen with liquid nitro-gen.The watermelon pulp was completely freeze-dried in a freeze dryer and then ground into fine pow-der.A sample of 1.00 g of freeze-dried pulp was taken and suspended in 90 mL boiling water,andbathed in 95 water for 10 minutes after full mixed.The suspension was forced through a 0.22 m wa-ter-phase filter,and the filtrate was cooled to room temperature and set to a volume of 125 mL.10 L ofthe filtrate was pipetted into a glass-lined tube,added with 20 L of derivatization reagent and 70 L ofderivatization buffer reagent,vortexed for 10 s,oven heated at 55 for 10 min,and used for HPLCanalysis,which was repeated for three times for each measurement.The standard curves of 24 free ami-no acids were constructed with four concentration gradients for HPLC determination,so as to quantifyamino acids in the watermelon sample filtrate.【Results】It was found that the contents of citrulline,gly-cine and glutamine were among the highest in the three watermelon varieties.For example,citrullinewas 0.11 gkg-1in PI532726,0.12 gkg-1in Ningxia Red Seed,and 0.39 gkg-1in Bing Tang Cui.The con-tent of arginine(0.1-0.2 gkg-1)in Bing Tang Cui(0.12 gkg-1)was higher than in PI532726 and Ningx-ia Red Seed(0.018 gkg-1and 0.068 gkg-1,respectively).The contents of-aminobutyric acid,glutam-ic acid,valine,isoleucine,asparagine and phenylalanine in the three watermelons ranged from 0.01 to0.06 g kg-1.The contents of theanine,hydroxyproline,tyrosine,sarcosine,alanine,leucine,ornithineand cysteine were all lower than 0.01 gkg-1.The contents of the other free amino acids differed signifi-cantly in the three watermelon varieties.For example,the contents of proline and methionine in BingTang Cui were 0.028 gkg-1and 0.013 gkg-1,respectively,while those in PI532726 and Ningxia RedSeed were all lower than 0.01 gkg-1.The content of serine in Ningxia Red Seed and Bing Tang Cui was0.011 gkg-1and 0.015 gkg-1,respectively,while that in PI532726 was lower than 0.01 gkg-1.Principalcomponent analysis was carried out on the 24 amino acids in four developmental stages of the three wa-termelon varieties after s