播期对早中稻产量和品质的影响.pdf

河南农业科学,2 0 2 3,52(7)：12-2 3Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciencesdoi:10.15933/ki.1004-3268.2023.07.002播期对早中稻产量和品质的影响豆丹丹，孙建军，王德新，郭玉玺，郭新海，丁超明（河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/植物新品种测试原阳分中心，河南郑州450 0 0 2）摘要：选用早熟和中熟梗稻各4份，研究播期5月5日（T1）、5月11日（T2）、5月17 日（T3）、5月2 3日（T 4）、5月2 9日（T5）、6 月4日（T6）、6 月10 日（T7）、6 月16 日（T8）、6 月2 2 日（T9）、6 月2 8 日（T10）对早中稻产量和品质的影响，并对不同播期下早中稻产量及品质相关性状进行主成分分析，然后基于产量和垩白度，采用GCE双标图对试验材料和播期进行综合评价，以期为黄淮海地区水稻大田种植中适宜水稻类型和播期的选择提供理论依据。结果表明，播期对水稻产量和品质均具有极显著影响。早中熟水稻的播种至抽穗时长总体上均随播期的推迟而缩短；而生育期的变化因试验材料而异，在T1播期下，早中稻生育期均最长，中稻在T6播期下生育期均最短。茎秆长度、茎秆直径、剑叶长度等在早稻中变幅较大，而单株穗数、结实率和千粒质量在中稻中变幅较大。随着播期的推迟，早中熟水稻产量总体均呈先增后降再增的趋势。其中，早稻A1（T H 2）A 2（华香梗2 号）和A4（金稻2 7 2)均在T4下产量最高，分别为590 2.0 9kg/hm、556 9.0 3k g/h m 和8 916.2 4kg/hm；早稻A3（金稻57 2)在T3下产量最高，为10 194.0 1kg/hm；在T6下产量均最低。中稻临秀6 8 12、徐6 0 2 33、临稻10 号、南梗930 8 均在T4下产量最高，分别为9352.54、9515.2 3、917 9.8 8、7 92 5.0 9kg/hm，在T1下产量均最低。早中熟水稻籽粒中粗蛋白含量均随着播期的推迟总体呈先增后降再增的趋势；早中熟水稻直链淀粉含量均随着播期的推迟总体呈先降再增的趋势；垩白度在早稻中随着播期的推迟总体呈降低趋势，而在中稻中随播期的推迟总体呈先降低后上升的趋势。主成分分析结果表明,T1、T 2 和T3播期能够较好地区分不同熟期类型水稻材料，即不同熟期类型水稻材料的性状在该播期下能够充分表达；GEE模型分析结果表明，材料A3和A4、播期T3和T2的综合评分较高。关键词：早中熟水稻；播期；产量；品质；农艺性状；主成分分析；GGE模型分析中图分类号：S511.3Effect of Sowing Date on Yield and Quality of Early and Middle RiceDOU Dandan,SUN Jianjun,WANG Dexin,GUO Yuxi,GUO Xinhai,DING Chaoming(Institute of Food Crops,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yuanyang Sub-Center for New Plant Varieties Test,Abstract:The effect of sowing dates May 5(T1),May 11(T2),May 17(T3),May 23(T4),May 29(T5),June 4(T6),June 10(T7),June 16(T8),June 22(T9)and June 28(T10)J on yield and quality ofdifferent maturity types of rice was studied with four portions each for early and middle rice asexperimental materials.Principal components of yield and quality related characters of early and middlerice under different sowing dates were analyzed,and a comprehensive evaluation of the stability ofexperimental materials and sowing dates was conducted using GGE biplot based on yield and chalkiness,so as to provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable rice types and sowing dates in rice field文献标志码：AZhengzhou 450002,China)文章编号：10 0 4-32 6 8(2 0 2 3)0 7-0 0 12-12收稿日期：2 0 2 3-0 3-0 1基金项目：河南省农业科学院自主创新项目（2 0 2 2 ZC11)；农业部DUS测试及技术支撑项目（2 0 2 2 DUS06）作者简介：豆丹丹（198 9-），女，河南周口人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事植物新品种保护测试工作。E-mail:通信作者：孙建军（197 7-），男，河南信阳人，副研究员，博士，主要从事植物新品种保护测试工作。E-mail:第7 期planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region.The results showed that sowing date had a significant impact on bothrice yield and quality.The duration from sowing to heading for early and middle rice generally decreasedwith the delay of sowing date.The changes of growth period varied depending on the experimentalmaterials.Under T1 treatment,early and middle rice had the longest growth period,and middle rice hadthe shortest growth period under T6 treatment.The length and diameter of stem,as well as the length ofsword leaf,varied greatly in early rice,while the number of panicles per plant,seed setting rate andthousand-grain weight varied greatly in middle rice.The overall yield of early and middle rice showed atrend of first increase,then decrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.Among them,earlyrice A1(TH2),A2(Huaxiangjing 2)and A4(Jindao 272)had the highest yields under T4 treatment,which were 5 902.09 kg/ha,5 569.03 kg/ha and 8 916.24 kg/ha,respectively;early rice A3(Jindao572)had the highest yield of 10 194.01 kg/ha under T3 treatment;the lowest yields were obtained underT6 treatment.The yields of middle rice Linxiu 6812,Xu 60233,Lindao 10 and Nanjing 9308 were thehighest under T4 treatment,which were 9 352.54 kg/ha,9 515.23 kg/ha,9 179.88 kg/ha and 7 925.09kg/ha,respectively;the yields were the lowest under T1 treatment.The crude protein content in grain ofearly and middle rice showed an overall trend of first increase,then decrease and then increase with thedelay of sowing date.The amylose content in grain of early and middle rice showed an overall trend of firstdecrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.The chalkiness degree of grain of early ricegenerally decreased with the delay of sowing date,while for middle rice,it showed an overall trend of firstdecrease and then increase with the delay of sowing date.The results of principal component analysisindicated that T1,T2,and T3 could effectively distinguish different maturity types of rice materials,thatwas,the traits of different maturity types of rice materials could be fully expressed under these sowingdates.The analysis results of the GEE model indicated that the comprehensive scores of materials A3 andA4,sowing dates T3 and T2 were relatively higher.Key words:Early and middle rice;Sowing date;Yield;Quality;Agronomic characters;Principalcomponent analysis;GGE model analysis水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一，属于植物新品种权申请量较大的作物之一。据统计，全国水稻种植面积约占粮食作物种植面积的30%，其产量约占粮食总产量的1/2 。水稻是高温短日照作物，其农艺性状受栽培管理方式影响较大。其中，光照和温度是水稻抽穗、散粉、灌浆等生长发育过程中的敏感因素。不同的播种时期可直接引起水稻生长过程中有效光照时长及累计积温的差异，选择适宜播期能充分提高水稻生育期光热资源，调节水稻生育进程，保证正常生长发育2-3。因此，确定合理的播期是水稻高产、优质的基础，也是水稻种植的关键环节。黄淮海地区普遍的耕作方式是稻麦和稻油轮作，轮作可以提高作物综合经济效益、改良土壤环境结构，但是由于作物生长的时间