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前床突
脑膜
显微
手术
治疗
及早
视力
恢复
分析
腾飞
海军军医大学学报2023 年 4 月第 44 卷第 4 期http:/Academic Journal of Naval Medical University,Apr.2023,Vol.44,No.4 433 论 著 收稿日期 2020-10-30 接受日期 2022-06-27基金项目 国家自然科学基金(81671206),军队后勤科研重大项目(ASW175003)Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671206)and Major Program of Logistics Research of PLA(ASW175003).作者简介 张腾飞,硕士,主治医师 E-mail:*通信作者(Corresponding author).Tel:021-81885671,E-mail:前床突脑膜瘤的显微手术治疗及早期视力恢复分析张腾飞,张叶磊,王光明,张丹枫,侯立军*海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第二附属医院神经外科,上海 200003摘要 目的 评估前床突脑膜瘤(ACM)显微手术治疗及早期视力恢复情况。方法 回顾性分析海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第二附属医院神经外科 2010 年 7 月至 2020 年 7 月行显微手术治疗的 64 例ACM患者的临床资料。其中男 19 例(29.7%)、女 45 例(70.3%),平均年龄为(52.312.2)岁。32 例(50.0%)为大型ACM(直径 4.0 cm),27例(42.2%)为中型ACM(直径 2.04.0 cm),5例(7.8%)为小型ACM(直径2.0 cm);46例(71.9%)肿瘤累及重要神经、血管结构。所有患者均经翼点入路(扩大翼点入路)或眶颧入路切除肿瘤。采用 Simpson分级评估肿瘤的切除程度,统计患者并发症情况及术后 1 周内视力恢复情况。结果 64 例患者中,49 例采用翼点入路(扩大翼点入路),15 例采用眶颧入路;Simpson 级切除 52 例(81.2%,52/64),级切除 8 例(12.5%,8/64),级切除 4 例(6.2%,4/64)。型ACM中,21 例肿瘤质地均较硬,13 例(61.9%,13/21)为Simpson 级切除;型ACM中,33 例肿瘤质地较软、6 例肿瘤质地较硬,35 例(89.7%,35/39)为Simpson 级切除;型ACM中,4 例肿瘤质地均较软,4 例(100.0%,4/4)均为Simpson 级切除。6 例(9.4%,6/64)术后早期出现动眼神经损伤并发症,2 例(3.1%,2/64)术后出现脑脊液漏,1 例(1.6%,1/64)术后死亡。56 例术前存在头痛、头晕的患者中,40 例(71.4%,40/56)术后 1 周内得到改善;29 例术前视力下降的患者中,12 例(41.4%,12/29)术后1周内视力改善。结论 部分视力下降的ACM患者在术后早期视力得到改善。质地较软的肿瘤完全切除(Simpson 级切除)率高且神经功能恢复较好,质地较硬的肿瘤完全切除困难并可导致严重的神经功能并发症。关键词 前床突脑膜瘤;显微外科手术;手术入路;肿瘤切除率;早期视力恢复;手术后并发症中图分类号 R 739.41文献标志码 A文章编号 2097-1338(2023)04-0433-06Microsurgical treatment of anterior clinoidal meningiomas and analysis of early visual acuity recovery ZHANG Teng-fei,ZHANG Ye-lei,WANG Guang-ming,ZHANG Dan-feng,HOU Li-jun*Department of Neurosurgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University),Shanghai 200003,China Abstract Objective To evaluate the microsurgical treatment of anterior clinoidal meningiomas(ACMs)and the early visual acuity recovery in ACM patients after surgery.Methods A retrospective review was performed on 64 patients with ACMs who were microsurgically treated in the Department of Neurosurgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University(Second Military Medical University)from Jul.2010 to Jul.2020.There were 19(29.7%)males and 45(70.3%)females with an average age of(52.312.2)years.Thirty-two(50.0%)cases had large ACMs(diameter4.0 cm),27(42.2%)cases had medium ACMs(diameter 2.0-4.0 cm),5(7.8%)cases had small ACMs(diameter2.0 cm),and 46(71.9%)cases involved important neural and vascular structures.All patients underwent tumor resection via the pterional approach(extended pterional approach)or orbitozygomatic approach.The extent of tumor resection was evaluated by Simpson classification,the complications were calculated,and the recovery of visual acuity was assessed within 1 week after surgery.Results Among the 64 patients,49 cases were surgically treated with the pterional approach(extended pterional approach),and 15 cases were treated with the orbitozygomatic approach.Simpson-resection was achieved in 52(81.2%,52/64)cases,in 8(12.5%,8/64)and in 4(6.2%,4/64).For typeACMs,all 21 tumors had a hard texture,and 13(61.9%,13/21)were Simpson-resection;for type ACMs,33 tumors had a soft texture,6 tumors had a hard texture,and 35(89.7%,35/39)were Simpson-resection;and for type ACMs,4 tumors had a soft texture,and 4(100.0%,4/4)were all Simpson-resection.The complications of early oculomotor nerve injury occurred in 6(9.4%,6/64)cases after surgery,cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in 2(3.1%,2/64)cases and death occurred in 1(1.6%,1/64)case.Of the 56 patients with preoperative headache DOI:10.16781/j.CN31-2187/R.20201326海军军医大学学报 2023 年 4 月,第 44 卷 434 前床突脑膜瘤(anterior clinoidal meningioma,ACM)通常归类于鞍旁脑膜瘤或蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤,起源部位很难确定,有时会与起源于鞍结节、鞍膈、视神经管的脑膜瘤相混淆1。ACM 通常位于前床突及蝶骨嵴内侧 1/3,在所有蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤中占 34%43.9%2。由于肿瘤倾向于向前床突及蝶骨嵴外侧延伸,巨大 ACM 会侵犯颈内动脉及其分支、海绵窦等重要血管结构,同时肿瘤与视神经、动眼神经的紧密关系更增加了手术难度3-5。尽管颅底显微外科技术进展迅速,但如何完整、安全地切除 ACM 对于神经外科仍然是一个巨大的挑战。海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第二附属医院神经外科于 2010 年 7 月至 2020 年 7 月采用显微手术治疗了ACM患者 64 例,肿瘤全切率高且患者神经功能恢复较好。本研究回顾性分析了 64 例患者的临床资料,对 ACM 显微手术策略及患者术后早期视力恢复情况进行评价。1 资料和方法1.1 研究对象 回顾性分析 2010 年 7 月至 2020 年 7 月于海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第二附属医院神经外科住院并行显微手术治疗的 64 例ACM 患者的临床资料。纳入标准:患者出院诊断为 ACM;排除标准:术前存在动眼神经功能障碍或合并其他颅脑疾病。64 例患者中,男 19 例(29.7%)、女45例(70.3%),年龄为2773岁,平均年龄(52.312.2)岁。临床表现:头晕 30 例,头痛 26 例,单侧视力下降 19 例,双侧视力下降 10例;癫痫综合征 6 例。根据Al-Mefty分类标准6,型 21 例、型 39 例、型 4 例。根据肿瘤直 径7,大型ACM(直径4.0 cm)32 例(50.0%)、中型ACM(直径 2.04.0 cm)27 例(42.2%)、小 型ACM(直径2.0 cm)5例(7.8%)。46例(71.9%)肿瘤累及重要神经、血管结构。1.2 影像学资料 64 例患者术前均行头颅计and dizziness,40(71.4%,40/56)cases were improved within 1 week after surgery;of the 29 patients with decreased preoperative visual acuity,12(41.4%,12/29)cases had improved visual acuity within 1 week after surgery.Conclusion For some ACM patients with decreased visual acuity,their visual acuity is improved in the early postoperative period.For the tumors with soft texture,the rate of complete resection(Simpson-resection)is high and neural function recovers well.For the tumors with hard texture,complete resection is very difficult and may