森林资源培育工程对革命老区县域城乡收入差距的影响_潘丹.pdf

第 59 卷 第 1 期2 0 2 3 年 1 月林业科学SCIENTIASILVAESINICAEVol.59,No.1Jan.,2 0 2 3doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220730收稿日期:2022-11-10;修回日期:2022-12-03。基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(71863016,72263017,42071283);国家社会科学基金重点项目(18AJY006)。孔凡斌为通讯作者。森林资源培育工程对革命老区县域城乡收入差距的影响潘丹1罗璐薏1余异1孔凡斌2,3(1.江西财经大学经济学院南昌 330013;2.浙江农林大学生态文明研究院/经济管理学院杭州 311300;3.南京林业大学经济管理学院南京 210037)摘要:【目的】在推进共同富裕的中国式现代化宏伟目标背景下,探究森林资源培育工程的实施对革命老区县域城乡收入差距的影响及其作用机制,为新时代新征程中推动革命老区及其他欠发达地区的共同富裕和中国式现代化道路提供支持参考。【方法】基于 20082019 年中国 28 省 650 个革命老区的县级面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型分析革命老区县森林资源培育对城乡收入差距的影响效应,并从收入效应和就业效应两个角度分析其影响机制。【结果】1)森林资源培育工程对革命老区本地区、相邻地区及整体地区的城乡收入差距均为扩大作用。具体而言,表征森林资源培育工程的造林面积每上升 1%,会导致革命老区本地区、相邻地区及整体地区的城乡收入差距分别扩大 0.035、0.200 和 0.236。2)森林资源培育工程主要是通过降低革命老区农村居民收入和提高城镇居民收入,从而扩大了整体城乡收入差距。3)机制分析结果表明,由于革命老区生态保护、人力资本、地理区位等方面的限制,森林资源培育工程的收入效应和就业效应释放不明显,使革命老区陷入“森林资源丰富而经济增长缓慢”的“森林资源诅咒”困境,从而增大其城乡收入差距。具体而言,森林资源培育工程对革命老区旅游收入没有影响,收入效应不显著;同时,森林资源培育工程的实施只能带动革命老区农民就业于劳动边际报酬较低的第一产业,而未能提高边际报酬较高的第二和第三产业就业,甚至挤出了第二和第三产业,就业效应不明显。【结论】应从森林保护和区域产业发展相结合、推动地区间联合进行森林资源培育、加强林业和其他产业的协调发展等方面发力,将革命老区森林资源的“绿水青山”优势有效地转变为“金山银山”的经济优势,利用丰富的森林资源降低革命老区城乡收入差距。关键词:森林资源培育;共同富裕;城乡收入差距;革命老区中图分类号:S7-9;F307.2文献标识码:A文章编号:1001-7488(2023)01-0074-16 Influence of Forest Resource Development Project on the Urban-Rural Income Gap in Old Revolutionary RegionsPan Dan1 Luo Luyi1 Yu Yi1 Kong Fanbin2,3(1.School of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013;2.Institute of Ecological Civilization/School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300;3.School of Economic Management,Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037)Abstract:【Objective】In the context of promoting common prosperity to achieve the ambitious goal of Chinese-style modernization,we investigate the effect of the implementation of forest resource development project on county s urban-rural income gap in the less-developed regions and the underlying mechanism,thus to provide a basis to support common prosperity and Chinese-style modernization in the less developed regions in the new era.【Method】Based on county-level panel data of 650 less-developed regions in 28 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019,we analyze the effect of forest resource development on their urban-rural income gap using the spatial Durbin model,and analyze its impact mechanism from income effect and employment effect.【Result】1)The forest resource development project enlarged the effect on the urban-rural income gap in the less-developed regions,adjacent regions and all regions as a whole,第 1 期潘丹等:森林资源培育工程对革命老区县域城乡收入差距的影响specifically,a 1%increase in afforestation area leading to an expansion of the gap by 0.035,0.200,and 0.236 in the three types of regions,respectively.2)Forest resource development project widens the overall urban-rural income gap mainly by reducing the income of rural residents and increasing the income of urban residents in the less-developed regions.3)Mechanism analysis shows that due to the constraints of ecological protection,human capital,and geographical location in the less-developed regions,the effects of forest resource development project on income and employment are not significant,which makes the less-developed regions fall into the“forest resource curse”phenomenon characterized by“abundant forest resources but slow economic growth”,thus increasing their urban-rural income gap.Specifically,the forest resource development project has no significant effect on tourism income in the less-developed regions;meanwhile,the implementation of the forest resource development project can only promote the employment of farmers in the primary industry,which has a lower marginal labor remuneration,but fails to improve or even squeeze out the labor forces from the secondary and tertiary industries,which have higher marginal labor remunerations,thus the employment effect is not obvious.【Conclusion】We should combine forest protection and regional industrial development,promote the joint development of forest resources among regions,and strengthen the coordinated development of forestry and other industries,to effectively transform the“clear waters and green mountains”resource advantage of forest resources in the less-developed regions into the economic advantage of“invaluable assets”,aiming to utilize the abundant forest resources in the less-developed regions to reduce the urban-rural income gap.Key words:forest resource development;common prosperity;urban-rural income gap;old revolutionary regions党的二十大报告指出,实现全体人民共同富裕是中国式现代化的本质要求之一。在长期较为严重的城乡不平衡发展背景下,城乡收入差距过大问题是中国实现共同富裕的挑战(李实等,2021)。历史上,革命老区因其自然禀赋和社会历史条件为中国革命的胜利做出了重要贡献(龚斌磊等,2022)。然而,革命老区多地处山区和多省交界地区,经济发展较为落后、城乡收入差距过大的现象较为突出,是中国城乡协调发展的关键短板和推进共同富裕的重点地区(张明林等,2021)。革命老区是党和人民军队的根,忘记老区,就是忘本(习近平,2021)。在全面建成社会主义现代化强国、实现第二个百年奋斗目标的使命任务下,缩小革命老区城乡收入差距、加快推进革命老区共同富裕是新时代新征程中党和国家的一 项 重 要 经 济 任 务,更 是 一 项 重 大 的 政 治 任务(杨冕等,2022)。森林资源作为“自然要素禀赋”的主要构成之一,是区域经济发展和缩小城乡收入差距的重要支撑条件(侯孟阳等,2020)。为促进森林资源数量和质量的提升,新中国成立以来,中国开展了世界上规模最大的森林资源培育工程,包括退耕还林工程、重点防护林建设工程、重点地区以速生丰产用材林为主的林业产业基地建设工程等,促使全国人工造林面积由改革开放初期的 2 200 万 hm2增加到 2020年的 8 00