双巷掘进留窄小煤柱布置方式及围岩稳定性控制技术_黄万朋.pdf

第 42 卷 第 3 期 岩石力学与工程学报 Vol.42 No.3 2023 年 3 月 Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering March，2023 收稿日期：收稿日期：20220331；修回日期：修回日期：20220620 基金项目：基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51774195)；煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2021KFYB020)；山东省自然科学基金青年基金项目(ZR2021QE176)Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51774195)，Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Efficient Mining and Clean Utilization of Coal Resources(Grant No.2021KFYB020)and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021QE176)作者简介：作者简介：黄万朋(1985)，男，2006 年毕业于山东科技大学采矿工程专业，现任副教授、博士生导师，主要从事矿山岩体力学、矿山压力与岩层控制等方面的研究工作。E-mail：。通讯作者：江东海(1987)，男，博士，现任讲师。E-mail： DOI：10.13722/ki.jrme.2022.0302 双巷掘进留窄小煤柱布置方式及围岩双巷掘进留窄小煤柱布置方式及围岩 稳定性控制技术稳定性控制技术 黄万朋1，2，赵同阳1，江东海1，郭晓胜3，郑永胜4，王学文1(1.山东科技大学 能源与矿业工程学院，山东 青岛 266590；2.煤炭资源高效开采与洁净利用国家重点实验室，北京 100013；3.山东能源淄矿集团 正通煤业，陕西 咸阳 713600；4.山东泰山能源有限责任公司 翟镇煤矿，山东 新泰 271204)摘要：摘要：为解决传统双巷掘进资源采出率低和沿空掘巷采掘接替紧张难题，以翟镇煤矿下组煤一采区 11502 工作面为工程试验对象，创新性提出留窄小煤柱双巷同时掘进巷道的布置方法，同时构建小煤柱高强复合加固支护技术。采用理论分析、试验测试结合数值模拟等综合研究方法，对留窄小煤柱双巷掘进布置原理及煤柱加固支护技术进行深入研究探索。结果表明，双巷掘进留窄小煤柱技术能够实现采区工作面顺序接替，有效提高采区采出率；提出的小煤柱综合加固支护技术以超前断顶卸压、对穿锚索提高煤柱自身承载力以及钢管混凝土墩柱高强辅助加强支护为主体，避免了小煤柱过早进入塑性状态而发生整体失稳破坏，能够有效保持长期稳定。基于覆岩组合结构理论建立煤柱顶板结构力学模型，研究煤柱上方支承压力分布规律与大小，建立双巷掘进小煤柱加固支护设计方法。通过数值模拟验证，该技术与传统沿空掘巷相比，能够更好地控制巷道围岩变形，煤柱体的帮鼓变形量和巷道变形量均得到了有效降低。关键词：关键词：采矿工程；沿空掘巷；小煤柱；双巷布置；对穿锚索；钢管混凝土墩柱 中图分类号：中图分类号：TD 32 文献标识码：文献标识码：A 文章编号：文章编号：10006915(2023)03061713 Arrangement of double entry driving with a narrow coal pillar in the middle and stability control technology of surrounding rock HUANG Wanpeng1，2，ZHAO Tongyang1，JIANG Donghai1，GUO Xiaosheng3，ZHENG Yongsheng4，WANG Xuewen1(1.College of Energy and Mining Engineering，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao，Shandong 266590，China；2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Mining and Clean Utilization，Beijing 100013，China；3.Zhengtong Coal Mine，Shandong Energy Zikuang Mining Group Co.，Ltd.，Xianyang，Shaanxi 713600，China；4.Zhaizhen Coal Mine，Shandong Taishan Energy Group Co.，Ltd.，Xintai，Shandong 271204，China)Abstract：In order to solve the problem of low resource recovery rate of traditional double entry driving and tight replacement of gob-side entry driving，taking the 11502 working face of the first mining area of Lower group coal mine in Zhaizhen Coal Mine as the engineering test object，this paper innovatively put forward an arrangement method of double entry driving with a narrow coal pillar in the middle，and constructed a narrow coal pillar high-strength composite reinforcement support technology.By adopting comprehensive research methods such as 618 岩石力学与工程学报 2023 年 theoretical analysis，experimental test combined with numerical simulation，the arrangement principle of double entry driving with a narrow coal pillar and a narrow coal pillar reinforcement support technology are deeply researched and explored.The results show that the technology of double entry driving with a narrow coal pillar can realize the sequential succession of working faces and effectively improve the recovery rate in the mining area.The technology of narrow coal pillar composite reinforcement support is mainly based on advanced broken roof and relieved pressure，the improvement the bearing capacity of the narrow coal column side by anchor cable through coal pillar，and the high-strength composite reinforcement support of the concrete-filled steel tubular columns，which prevents the narrow coal pillars from prematurely entering a plastic state and then losing overall stability，and can effectively maintain long-term stability.Based on the combined structure theory of overburden rock，a coal pillar-roof structural mechanics model was established，the distribution law and magnitude of the abutment pressure above the coal pillar were studied，and a design method for the double entry driving with a narrow coal pillar reinforcement support was established.The numerical simulation proves that compared with the traditional gob-side entry driving，this technology can better control the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway，and the deformation of coal pillar body and roadway have been effectively reduced.Key words：mining engineering；gob-side entry driving；narrow coal pillar；double roadway layout；anchor cable through coal pillar；concrete-filled steel tubular columns 1 引引 言言 在传统的双巷掘进中，相邻区段间一般留设1530 m 的保护煤柱，能够保证工作面实现顺序回采，确保采掘接替正常；但这样不仅会造成煤炭资源的大量浪费，而且随着矿井开采深度的增加，宽煤柱易形成应力集中，引发煤柱型冲击地压灾害，给矿井生产带来巨大的安全隐患1-3。随着无煤柱开采技术的发展，越来越多的煤矿开始使用留窄小煤柱的沿空掘巷技术，基于侧向顶板断裂后形成的内外应力场理论4，该技术将下一工作面的巷道布置在上一个工作面采空区附近的应力降低区内，留设35 m 的保护煤柱，这样不但提高了煤炭采出率，大大减少了资源浪费，而且有效的降低了煤柱型冲击地压危险。近些年来，许多学者对沿空掘巷围岩运动规律、小煤柱参数设计及加固技术等做了大量的分析与研究，得到了较多成果5-10。然而，虽然目前留窄小煤柱的沿空掘巷技术已经在现场得到成功应用，但仍然存在以下主要问题：首先，为降低动压影响，下一工作面巷道要在相邻工作面采空区覆岩运动稳定后才能开始掘进，这样就需要保持 68个月的掘巷滞后期，容易给矿井带来采掘接替紧张的问题；而且随着当前矿井开采强度的日益提高，这一问题在越来越多的矿井变得日益严重，成为制约矿井高效开采的瓶颈。其次，由于沿空掘进巷道距离采空区较近，虽然小煤柱处于应力降低区，但侧向支承压力仍高于煤柱的承载能力，小煤柱容易发生变形破坏，而在当前的支护体系下，煤柱两侧的支护结构体(以锚杆为主)没有有效的力学联系11，难以提高煤柱承载力，而且两侧过多的锚杆索孔会破坏煤柱本身的整体性，小煤柱容易发生全宽度上的失稳破坏，因此，目前大多沿空掘巷的小煤柱存在帮鼓变形严重、煤壁出现整体滑移的现象，巷道不但会产生大变形12，还会造成采空区漏风和火