添加畜禽粪对秸秆田间条带堆...壤团聚体特征及有机碳的影响_李虎.pdf

吉林农业大学学报 2023，45（1）：61-68http:/Email:jlndxb Journal of Jilin Agricultural University添加畜禽粪对秸秆田间条带堆腐土壤团聚体特征及有机碳的影响*李虎，吴景贵*吉林农业大学资源与环境学院，长春 130118摘 要：为了明确秸秆田间条带原位堆腐最佳还田方式，以吉林省范家屯农业科技示范园黑土为研究对象，通过湿筛法，探讨秸秆添加不同畜禽粪田间条带堆腐还田对土壤团聚体分布及有机碳的影响。以玉米秸秆为供试材料，进行田间条带堆腐试验，对比秸秆条带堆腐无畜禽粪（ck）、秸秆条带堆腐+腐熟猪粪（STP）、秸秆条带堆腐+腐熟鸡粪（STC）对土壤团聚体的影响。结果表明：与ck处理相比，添加畜禽粪秸秆条带堆腐各处理影响土壤不同粒径团聚体的分布及有机碳的含量，增加了土壤团聚体平均质量直径和几何平均直径，降低了土壤不稳定团粒指数、土壤团聚体破坏率和土壤分形维数。添加畜禽粪秸秆条带堆腐各处理对土壤团聚体各粒级有机碳含量影响显著，土壤水稳性团聚体中以0.250.053 mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量最高。总体来说，玉米秸秆田间条带堆腐添加畜禽粪，提高了土壤团聚体有机碳含量、增加大团聚体含量，优化团聚体稳定性结构，其中，以秸秆条带堆腐添加鸡粪处理效果最佳，对土壤的物理性质有一定的改善作用，提高了土壤地力，该结果对指导东北地区黑土秸秆还田具有重要意义。关键词：秸秆条带堆腐；畜禽粪；土壤团聚体；土壤有机碳中图分类号：S152.4 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000-5684（2023）01-0061-08DOI：10.13327/j.jjlau.2021.1038引用格式：李虎，吴景贵.添加畜禽粪对秸秆田间条带堆腐土壤团聚体特征及有机碳的影响 J.吉林农业大学学报，2023，45（1）：61-68.Effects of Adding Livestock Manure on Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon of Straw Strip Composting in Field*LI Hu，WU Jinggui*College of Resources and Environment，Jilin Agricultural University，Changchun 130118，ChinaAbstract：The black soils of Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Fanjiatun of Jilin province were used as experimental objects.In order to clarify the optimal reduction method for in-situ strip composting of straw,the effects of straw in-situ strip composting in the field combined application with different livestock and poultry manures on the distribution of soil aggregate and organic carbon were studied by wet sieving methods.The corn stalks were used as the test materials,the field in-situ composting experiment was conducted to compare the effects of the three treatments on soil aggregates,including straw strip composting without livestock and poultry manure(ck),straw strip composting+decomposed pig manure(STP),straw strip composting+decomposed chicken manure(STC).The results showed that the various treatments of straw in-situ strip composting adding*基金项目：吉林省科技攻关项目（20190301018NY），国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0300203）作者简介：李虎，男，硕士，主要从事土壤有机培肥及农业废弃物资源化利用方面研究。收稿日期：2021-01-15*通信作者：吴景贵，E-mail：吉林农业大学学报 2023 年 2 月Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2023，Februarylivestock and poultry manure in the field affected the distribution of aggregates of different particle sizes and the content of organic carbon in the soil relative to ck,increased the average mass diameter and geometric average diameter of soil aggregates,and reduced the soil unstable aggregate index,the destruction rate of soil aggregate,and soil fractal dimension.The various treatments of straw in-situ strip composting adding livestock and poultry manure in the field had significant effects on the organic carbon content of each particle size of soil aggregates,and the organic carbon content of 0.25 to 0.053 mm particle size grade aggregates among the soil water stability aggregates was the highest.In general,in-situ strip composting of corn straw in field combined with different livestock and poultry manures increased the organic carbon content of soil aggregates and the content of large aggregates,and optimized the stability of the aggregate structure.Among them,the treatment effect of straw strip composting in field adding chicken manure was the best,which had a certain improving effect on the physical properties of the soil and increased the soil fertility.The results are of great significance to guide the return of of black soil straw to farmland in Northeast China.Key words：straw strip composting；livestock manure；soil aggregate；soil organic carbon土壤团聚体是土壤结构的基本单元，是土壤肥力的基础1。良好的团聚体组成与分布可以促进植物对土壤养分的吸收，维持生物群落多样性，抵抗地表土壤侵蚀，是反映土壤结构好坏的重要指标2。土壤团聚体稳定性是一项重要的土壤特性，影响土壤的生产力及农作物生长3。有研究表明，土壤团聚体的形成及稳定性受土地利用方式、耕作方式、种植作物、有机畜禽粪和肥料输入等的影响4。土壤团聚体作为有机碳存在的场所，保护有机碳免于降解，有机碳反过来又能起到促进团聚体形成的作用5，并且不同粒级团聚体有机碳含量从微观层次上揭示了土壤有机质的平衡和矿化速率6。因此，研究土壤团聚体的组成和稳定性以及有机碳含量对改善土壤结构、提高土壤肥力和促进有机碳固持等方面具有重要意义。据相关统计，我国畜禽粪尿数量为 31.6108 t，从畜禽粪尿养分资源量看，粪尿总养分量以猪最大，其次为肉牛和羊，分别占总量的28.2%、22.8%和 15.0%，家禽粪尿量第 4，其养分量占总量的14.0%7。腐熟畜禽粪便施入田中通过促进土壤微生物的一系列相关活动来加快秸秆有效分解，实现秸秆快速还田，从而提升土壤养分8，促进现代农业及养殖业的可持续发展，因此研究畜禽粪等废弃物资源化利用有重要意义。玉米秸秆内含有丰富的氮、磷、钾、钙、镁等多种元素和有机质，是农业生产中重要的肥料来源9。秸秆还田后减少环境污染，改善土壤物理性状，提高土壤生物活性，是发展可持续农业的有效措施10。一些研究表明，秸秆还田对农业生产力发展具有积极推动作用，促进作物生长发育，并且提高产量11-12。王海霞等13-14研究发现，秸秆还田增加表层土壤0.25 mm团聚体含量，提高土壤有机质质量。刘汉印等15对不同秸秆还田模式下水稳性团聚体有机碳分布研究表明，秸秆还田显著增加2 mm和0.0530.25 mm团聚体含量，而0.25 mm 团聚体含量（WR0.25）采用下式25进行计算WR0.25=0.25mm团聚体总质量未筛分前土壤总质量 100%，（1）土壤团聚体破碎率（PAD）计算方法26：PAD=R0.25(干筛)-R0.25(湿筛)/R0.25(干筛)100%，（2）土壤团聚体平均质量直径的计算方法26：MWD=i=1nWiXi，（3）几何平均直径计算方法26：GMD=exp(i=1nWilnXi)，（4）（3）（4）式中，Wi为i粒级团聚体质量比例（%）；Xi为相邻2个团聚体的平均粒级（mm）。不稳定团粒指数（ELT）计算方法27：ELT=(WT-WR0.25)/WT 100%，（5）式中：WT为供试土壤总质量，WR0.25为粒径0.25 mm水稳性团聚体质量。表1物料基础性质Table 1Basic properties of materialsg/kg有机畜禽粪秸秆猪粪鸡粪全氮8.250.1120.040.0416.860.12全磷1.180.057.230.037.860.02全钾11.270.078.450.1412.230.02有机碳482.862.84272.636.48253.443.3663吉林农业大学学报 2023 年 2 月Journal of Jilin Agricultural University 2023，February分形维数（D）的计算采用杨培岭等28推导的公式：D=3-lg(Wi/W0)lg(di/dmax)，（6）式中：dmax为最大粒级土粒的平均直径；Wi（2 mm粒级土壤水稳性团聚体含量次之，2 mm、20.25 mm粒级水稳性团聚体含量，显著降低0.250.053 mm、2 mm粒级团聚体含量，显著降低了0.250.053 mm粒级团聚体含量。2.1.2添加