铁皮
石斛
辨证
保健
应用
研究
郑祥
中华中医药杂志(原中国医药学报)2023年2月第38卷第2期 CJTCMP,February 2023,Vol.38,No.2 737 3.同入血分,和血止血,除瘀引阳 荆芥穗性辛而微温,能行能通,炒炭入血分,使瘀血得下,散血分之滞6。而其炒炭后具有止血的作用在古代文献中早有记载,最早在神农本草经 中就提出荆芥穗可以“下瘀血”,即傅山所谓“通经络,则血有归还之乐”112。荆芥入肝经,而肝为风木之脏,以血为体,以气为用,体阴而用阳,肝血充,肝气顺,则血自和,则月事有常。故傅山曰:“用引血归经之品,是和血之法,实寓顺气之法也”125。傅山擅长使用小剂量炮姜,以达到引血归经、行瘀引阳之效。炮姜与荆芥配伍,炮姜善走血分,长于温经止血,荆芥偏入血分,通经络,疏肝气,炒炭又可止血,二药相伍,能加强引血归经、止血的功效。傅山将姜炭与荆芥炭配伍,评价称:“用荆芥炭引血归经,用姜炭以行瘀引阳,瘀血去而正血归,不必解晕而晕自解矣”。4.收利并用,补而不滞 荆芥穗入肝经,疏利肝气,肝气舒则血得行,炭用收敛止血,一利一收,血行而不妄动,血自归经,经水得调4。在补益方中加黑芥穗,利用其疏利作用,使补中有利而减滋腻之性,而炮姜入脾经,补中焦,温中补脾,助后天脾胃生化,防滋腻碍胃。荆芥与炮姜同用,一者收利并用,一者补脾健脾,共奏补而不滞之功。小结纵观 傅青主女科 全书,傅山运用炮姜和荆芥配伍,多用于心肾不交、肝失疏泄之崩证以及气血亏虚、瘀血未去之血晕证。傅山将炮姜及荆芥配伍灵活运用至经产多疾,可窥见其用药纯合而精当,重视肾、肝、心、脾同治,善调气血,疏利并用,临证可借鉴之。参 考 文 献1 清傅山.傅青主女科.欧阳兵,整理.北京:人民卫生出版社,20172 陈晨,王鹏,谢欢欢.中药荆芥的本草考证.中药材,2018,41(3):745-7483 国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2020:243-2454 邓礼林,彭尧,杨佳丽,等.浅析傅青主女科调经篇之妙用黑芥穗.成都中医药大学学报,2018,41(1):109-1115 李姝池,刘慧婷,魏绍斌.浅谈荆芥穗在傅青主女科中治疗经带胎产疾病的应用.世界最新医学信息文摘,2019,19(16):208-2096 徐秀丽,刘雁峰,潘雪,等.荆芥穗在傅青主女科产病中的应用.中华中医药杂志,2021,36(6):3697-3699(收稿日期:2022年2月15日)铁皮石斛辨证保健的应用研究郑祥1,吕圭源2,陈素红1(1浙江工业大学长三角绿色制药协同创新中心,杭州 310014;2浙江中医药大学药学院,杭州 310053)摘要:铁皮石斛为滋阴要药,具有“益胃生津、滋阴清热”之功效,适用于胃阴虚、肾阴虚之证候。目前铁皮石斛保健产品的批准功能大多为增强免疫力,但其适用人群并不是按照中医证型分类来确定。为体现中医辨证保健的优势特色和指导大健康产品的合理应用,文章通过归纳总结分析有关保健功能-证候相结合的动物模型开展的铁皮石斛功效辨证研究,认为:铁皮石斛长于滋养胃阴,清胃热,对胃热证、胃肠燥热证、脾胃湿热证动物模型均具有良好的保健功能。通过胃寒证动物模型反证主流铁皮石斛保健产品存在配方偏寒凉的弊端,并基于胃寒证免疫力低下动物模型开发适用于胃寒人群的铁皮石斛保健配方产品。铁皮石斛滋阴益肾,补肾积精,可用于肾阴亏虚之证,对肾阴虚证动物模型具有明显的保健作用。现有含铁皮石斛的保健品配方也有与补肾阳药配伍组合的,此类产品通过辨证配伍可阴中求阳,改善肾阳虚症状,适用于肾阳虚体质群体。铁皮石斛滋养肺阴,能清肺热,治肺阴不足,对肺阴虚证动物模型具有润肺清咽的保健功能。通过铁皮石斛辨证保健的应用研究,展示其药性功效特色与优势,丰富和完善铁皮石斛保健产品功能,细分产品适用人群,为铁皮石斛的合理使用和保健开发提供指导,促进铁皮石斛养生保健产业的持续健康发展。关键词:铁皮石斛;辨证保健;滋阴益胃;滋阴益肾;滋阴润肺基金资助:国家重点研发计划(No.2017YFC1702202)研究报告通信作者:陈素红,浙江省杭州市拱墅区潮王路18号浙江工业大学长三角绿色制药协同创新中心,邮编:310014,电话:0572-8813134E-mail:内文2.indd 7372023/2/28 10:35:38中华中医药杂志(原中国医药学报)2023年2月第38卷第2期 CJTCMP,February 2023,Vol.38,No.2 738 中华人民共和国药典2020年版记载:铁皮石斛为兰科石斛属植物铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo的干燥茎。其味甘,性微寒,归胃、肾经,具有“益胃生津、滋阴清热”之效1。滋阴派医家朱丹溪认为“阳常有余而阴不足”。铁皮石斛为滋阴圣药,神农本草经列为上品,其独特的养生功能产品前景广阔。现有含铁皮石斛原料的保健食品审批注册数量达140多个,近90%产品保健功能为增强免疫力、抗疲劳。按照目前国家有关部门的审批要求,这些产品并不是按照中医证型分类来确定适宜人群,导致临床应用或消费者使用时针对性不强,无法体现铁皮石斛的药性功效特色优势,难以满足日益增长的社会需求。辨证保健理论是在中医整体辨证论治的指导下进行养生保健,是中医辨证论治和整体观的继承与创新2。阴阳平衡是中医养生保健的精髓。中医理论认为“阳虚易治,阴虚难调”,阴虚是现代人较为普遍的偏颇体质。铁皮石斛滋阴力强且补益作用明显3-4,可补养五脏阴精之不足,可益胃、益肾、益肺,尤其适合于当前因不良生活习惯及社会压力导致的“阴虚证”人群5。然而人的体质有阴阳之别、虚实之偏,针对不同体质人群,应辨铁皮石斛药性、对证功效,以合理辨证配伍,弃短补长,方能更好地发挥保健功效。为体现中医辨证保健的优势特色和指导大健康产品的合理应用,本课题组通过归纳、总结、分析保健功能-证候相结合的动物模型开展的铁皮石斛功效辨证的现代科学研究,展示铁皮石斛药性功效特色优势与保健功能,为其辨证保健的应用提供思路与参考。铁皮石斛“滋阴益胃”的辨证保健应用1.胃热证动物模型在保健功能评价中的应用 铁皮石斛Research on the application of syndrome differentiation and health care of Dendrobium officinaleZHENG Xiang1,LYU Gui-yuan2,CHEN Su-hong1(1Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;2College of Pharmaceutical Science,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,China)Abstract:Dendrobium officinale is an essential medicine for nourishing yin,which has the effect of nourishing stomach and promoting body fluid,nourishing yin and clearing away heat,and is suitable for the syndrome of stomach yin deficiency and kidney yin deficiency.At present,most of the approved functions of Dendrobium officinale health care products are to enhance immunity,but the applicable population is not determined according to the classification of TCM syndrome types.In order to reflect the advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and health care and guide the rational application of big health productsthrough the induction,summary and analysis of the dialectical study on the efficacy of Dendrobium officinale carried out by the animal model of the combination of health care function and syndrome,the article believes that:Dendrobium officinale is good at nourishing the stomach yin,clearing the stomach heat,and has good health care function for the animal model of stomach heat syndrome,gastrointestinal dry-heat syndrome,and spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome.Through the animal model of stomach cold syndrome proved that the mainstream Dendrobium officinale health care products have the disadvantage of cold and cold formula,and based on the animal model of low immunity of stomach cold syndrome,develop Dendrobium officinale health care formula products suitable for people with stomach cold.Dendrobium officinale can nourish yin and benefit kidney,replenish kidney and accumulate essence that can be used for the syndrome of kidney yin deficiency,and has obvious health care effect on the animal model of kidney yin deficiency.The existing formula of health care products containing Dendrobium officinale is also combined with Chinese herbs for tonifying kidney and yang.Such products can seek yang from yin and improve the symptoms of kidney yang deficiency through syndrome differentiation and compatibility,and are applicable to the group with kidney yang deficiency.Dendrobium officinale can nourish lung yin,clear lung heat,treat deficiency of lung yin,and has