缩短俄油常减压装置开工时间_王万军.pdf

石油石化节能 https:/王万军：缩短俄油常减压装置开工时间 第 13卷第 1期（2023-01）辽阳石化分公司炼油厂 550104t/a 常减压装置是全国首套全加工俄罗斯原油装置，由中国石化工程建设公司（SEI）设计，2005 年 10 月由中国石油第七建设公司承建，2006 年 12 月建成投产。设缩短俄油常减压装置开工时间王万军（中国石油辽阳石化分公司炼油部）摘要：全国首套全加工俄罗斯原油的 550104t/a 常减压装置实施优化开工操作规程后，通过热源集中与原油换热，使换热热源的热量前移，有效提高了原油入初馏塔的温度，缩短了装置开工脱水时间。同时因常压炉进料温度的升高，减少了加热炉燃料用量，降低了开工能耗。其操作是增加脱水阶段切泵次数及提高脱水标准，有利于积存在泵体和管线内的存水尽快脱除，在及时判断脱水合格后顺利转入下一阶段操作，缩短了装置总开工时间。尽早投用电脱盐罐系统脱水送电，在达到工艺条件温度后及时投入破乳剂及注水，提高电脱盐系统的脱水效能，避免了因原油脱水不净造成常压塔带水发生事故，影响装置开工进程等问题，实现了装置顺利开工，使开工时间缩短到 32 h，节省了开工能耗和开工费用。关键词：俄油；常减压装置；开工能耗DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1493.2023.01.010Shorten the start-up time of Russian crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation unitWANG WanjunRefining Department of Liaoyang Petrochemical Company，CNPCAbstract：After the implementation of the optimized start-up operation procedures for the first set of550104t/a atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit that fully processes Russian crude oil in China，the heat of the heat transfer source is moved forward through the heat source concentration and the heattransfer with crude oil，which effectively improves the temerature of crude oil entering the primary dis-tillation tower and shortens the start-up dehydration time of the unitAt the same time，due to theincrease of the feed temperature of atmospheric furnace，the fuel consumption of the heating furnace isreduced and energy consumption for start-up is reducedThe operation is to increase the number ofpump cuts in the dehydration stage and improve the dehydration standard，which is conducive to theaccumulation of stored water in the pump body and pipeline to be removed as soon as possible，and af-ter the dehydration is judged to be qualified in time，it is successfully transferred to the next stage of op-eration，which shortens the total start-up time of the deviceHence，the dehydration and power de-livery of the electric desalting tank system should be put into operation as soon as possibleAfter reach-ing the temperature of the process conditions，demulsifier and water injection are put into operation intime to improve the dehydration efficiency of the electric desalting system，avoid the accident of watercarrying in the atmospheric tower due to the incomplete dehydration of crude oil and affect the start-upprocess of the unitThe successful start-up of the device is realized and the start-up time is shortenedto 32 hours，which saves the start-up energy consumption and start-up costsKeywords：Russian crude oil；atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit；start-up energy consumption作者简介：王万军，高级技师，2012年毕业于辽宁石油化工大学（化学工艺与工程），从事石油炼制工作，13804197168，，辽宁省辽阳市宏伟区西环路 10#，111003。引文：王万军缩短俄油常减压装置开工时间J石油石化节能，2023，13（1）：44-48.WANG Wanjun Shorten the start-up time of Russian crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation unitJ EnergyConservation in Petroleum&PetroChemical Industry，2023，13（1）：44-48.44设备产品/Equipment&Product石油石化节能 https:/表 2俄罗斯原油实沸点蒸馏及各窄馏分性质Tab.2 Real boiling point distillation of Russian crude oil and properties of each narrow fraction沸点范围/气体(初，65(65，80(80，100(100，120(120，150(150，180(180，200(200，230(230，250(250，275(275，300(300，320(320，350(350，395(395，425(425，460(460，480(480，500(500，530(530，560560损失占原油/%(质量分数)每馏份1.013.401.602.882.744.524.722.884.953.564.784.683.985.663.418.376.943.682.034.203.4416.540.04总收率1.014.416.018.8911.6316.1520.8723.7528.7032.2637.0441.7245.7051.3654.7663.1370.0773.7575.7879.9883.4399.96100占原油/%(体积分数)每馏份1.444.481.953.393.165.095.163.095.183.674.854.673.965.523.257.926.483.411.873.843.12总收率1.445.927.8711.2614.4219.5124.6727.7632.9536.6141.4646.1350.0955.6158.8666.7873.2776.6878.5582.3985.51密度/(kgm-3)20 640.5692.1715.7731.2749.9771.3786.7804.9818.6831.3845.1848.4864.5883.8890.8902.3910.6916.1922.9929.3凝点/-35-28-22-1406131824303845折光率/201.389 31.400 51.408 91.419 61.431 31.439 31.448 71.456 51.463 71.471 31.472 81.482 1701.4711.4751.4811.4861.4901.4941.499API/87.971.765.160.956.251.147.643.640.738.135.334.731.628.026.824.823.422.421.320.2K12.312.112.012.011.911.911.811.811.811.811.911.911.812.012.012.112.112.112.2相关指数13.818.218.519.521.422.525.727.329.331.830.034.238.737.940.141.442.443.544.6计型式为燃料化工型原油一次加工装置1，采用初馏、常压蒸馏、减压蒸馏三级蒸馏方案，设计原油加工能力 550104t/a，设计年开工 8 400 h，装置自建成投产至今一直以俄罗斯原油（含硫原油）为原料，2009年扩能改造，加工能力提升至650104t/a。文中针对常减压装置存在的问题提出了优化常减压装置开工操作规程，缩短装置开工时间和开工能耗的方法，有效节省了开工时间。1原工艺技术状况1.1俄罗斯原油性质俄罗斯原油属于低硫中间基原油，芳烃含量高，轻组分含量高，重组分含量相对较低。俄罗斯原油一般性质见表 1。装置开工时作为原油换热热源的蜡油和渣油含量较低2。俄罗斯原油实沸点蒸馏及各窄馏分性质见表 2，数据表明：小于或等于 200 馏分收率为 23.75%，小于或等于 350 馏分收率为 51.36%，小于或等于560 馏分收率为 83.43%。从表 2 分析该原油分布均 匀，轻 油 收 率 和 总 拔 出 率 都 很 高，渣 油 收 率较低。表 1俄罗斯原油一般性质Tab.1 General properties of Russian crude oil分析项目密度(20)/(kgm-3)黏度(50)/(mm2s-1)硫醇硫/%(质量分数)凝点/残炭/%(质量分数)硫含量/%(质量分数)氮含量/%(质量分数)水分/%(体积分数)盐含量/(mgL-1)灰分/%(质量分数)金属含量/(ugg-1)酸值(KOH)/(mgg-1)CaCuFeNaNiPbV数值843.54.8570.009-202.3700.4860.1200.05012.2600.0204.610.052.542.374.340.024.100.11分析项目蜡含量/%(质量分数)胶质+沥青质/%(质量分数)沥青质/%(质量分数)初馏点温度/100 馏出体积/%120馏出体积/%140 馏出体积/%160 馏出体积/%180 馏出体积/%200 馏出体积/%220 馏出体积/%240 馏出体积/%260 馏出体积/%280 馏出体积/%300 馏出体积/%全馏出体积/%API/数值2.43.10.1454.05.08.011.514.517.520.023.026.029.033.