塔北埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组...型共生鲕粒特征及其成因探讨_钱一雄.pdf

书书书第 25 卷第 1 期2023 年2 月古地理学报JOUNAL OF PALAEOGEOGAPHY(Chinese Edition)Vol.25No.1Feb 2023文章编号:16711505(2023)0105619DOI:107605/gdlxb202301004塔北埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组多类型共生鲕粒特征及其成因探讨*钱一雄1何治亮2陈代钊3储呈林1董少峰4张庆珍11 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所，江苏无锡 2141512 中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部，北京 1007283 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所，北京 1000294 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院，四川成都 610500摘要碳酸盐岩中的鲕粒是古沉积环境重建的重要载体之一。塔里木盆地北部露头剖面、星火 1 井区埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组潟湖相及浅滩相沉积中发现了多种类型鲕粒及其共生现象。文中通过剖面详勘、岩心观察以及薄铸片、阴极发光、环境扫描电镜等研究方法，阐明了不同类型鲕粒的基本特征及分布，探讨了鲕粒成核、生长的特殊沉积环境和成岩改造等过程。按显微结构、特殊形态、组合以及成岩改造，依次将研究区奇格布拉克组鲕粒划分出 12 种类型，其中大气淡水、快速拟晶白云岩化、重结晶、交代白云岩化等成岩作用主要发现于中等水动力条件形成的同心(圈)鲕、同心放射状鲕等。近源风暴引起的底流和涡流产生的撕裂、磨损及搬运作用为泥晶(大)鲕、薄皮鲕、放射状泥晶(正常或大)鲕、脑状鲕以及部分球(或细菌)鲕、复鲕的成核和微生物作用提供了基本条件，而文石白云石海中低能环境下的黏性软底质中广泛发育的文石高镁方解石胶结促进鲕粒的形成;前者发育于潮道或浅滩环境，后者发育于潮坪潟湖环境，短暂风暴潮或底流是两者共生的可能原因。微生物参与泥晶成核、一定水动力条件下台阶状生长、差异性成岩改造是前寒武纪多种类型鲕粒发育的主控因素。鲕模孔、粒间(内)溶孔、晶间孔、有机微孔等孔隙具有一定储集意义。对奇格布拉克组鲕粒的研究，有助于深化对前寒武纪古海洋和大气组分、黏性软底质中成核与生长中的水动力及微生物作用、早期成岩改造及孔隙形成与保存机理等的认识。关键词多类型鲕粒成核鲕粒生长风暴作用沉积环境奇格布拉克组塔里木盆地第一作者简介钱一雄，男，1962 年生，博士，正高(级)工程师，研究方向为碳酸盐岩沉积与储层研究。E-mail:。中图分类号:P588.2文献标志码:A*国家深地项目(编号:2017YFC0603103)和中国科学院 A 类战略性先导科技专项(编号:XDAXX0102013)联合资助。Co-fundedby the National Key Basic esearch Project of China(No.2017YFC0603103)and a Strategic Leading Science and Technology Project，the Chinese A-cademy of Sciences(No XDAXX0102013)收稿日期:20220608改回日期:20220731Characteristics and genesis of various oolites in the EdiacaranQigebulake Formation in northern Tarim BasinQIAN Yixiong1HE Zhiliang2CHEN Daizhao3CHU Chenglin1DONG Shaofeng4ZHANG Qingzhen11 Wuxi Institute，Exploration Production esearch Institute，SINOPEC，Jiangsu Wuxi 214151，China2 Department of Science and Technology，China Petroleum Chemical Corportion，Beijing 100728，China第 25 卷第 1 期钱一雄等:塔北埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组多类型共生鲕粒特征及其成因探讨3 Institute of Geology and Geophysics，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100029，China4 School of Geoscience and Technology，Southwest Petroleum University，Chengdu 610500，ChinaAbstractOoids in carbonate rocks are significant for the reconstruction of sedimentary environmentThe co-occurrence of various ooids is found in the lagoon and shoal of the Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation inthe Well Xinghuo 1 region located in the northern Tarim Basin The characteristics and distribution of dif-ferent types of oolites are studied based on the systematic methods including the description of field profile，observation of cores，thin sections，casting film，cathodoluminescence，environmental scanning electronmicroscope(SEM)etc The specific sedimentary environments of the nucleation and growth of oolites，dia-genetic transformation and other processes are discussed in detail Twelve types of oolites in Qigebulake For-mation of the study region are classified based on the microstructure，morphology，assemblage(single orpolyphase)and diagenetic alteration The fresh water metasomatism，rapid pseudo-dolomitization，recrys-tallization occur in the concentric ooids，radial ooids，etc The tearing，wear and transport of the bottomcurrents and eddy currents caused by near-source storms provide the basic conditions for the nucleation ofmud crystal ooids，thin-skin ooids，radial mud crystal ooids，brain-shaped ooids，and some sphericalooids，and compound ooids，and the microbial activities The extensive development of aragonite-high mag-nesium calcite cementation in the soft substrate of the low-energy environment in the aragonite-dolomite seapromotes the formation of ooids The former develops in tidal or shoal environments，while the latter developsin tidal-lagoon environments，and the storm surges or undercurrents caused the symbiotic combination of dif-ferent types of ooids Therefore，the micrite nucleation with the microbial participation，terrace-form crystalgrowth in the suspension and accretion process under a certain hydrodynamic condition，differential diage-netic alteration are the dominant factors for the development and occurrence of various types of ooids in theEdiacaran carbonate rocks The oolitic mold pores，intergranular dissolved pores，intergranular pores，andmicropores in the organic matters play the certain role of oil-gas reservoir The study of the ooids in the Qige-bulake Formation is helpful for the reconstruction of Precambrian palaeomarine and atmospheric components，hydrodynamic and microbial effects in nucleation and growth of oolites in soft substrates，early diagenetictransformation，and the formation and preservation mechanisms of poresKey wordsvarious ooids，nucleation，growth of ooids，storm turbulence，sedimentary environ-ment，Qigebulake Formation，Tarim BasinAbout the first authorQIAN Yixiong，born in 1962，Ph.D，is a senior engineer His research in-terests focus on carbonate rock sedimentology and reservoir E-mail:1概述鲕粒是碳酸盐岩颗粒组分中一类重要类型，也是碳酸盐岩沉积学的研究热点之一。鲕粒的组成、大小、形态、核壳结构、丰度、岩石组合及时空分布等特征，不仅代表了不同地质时期的碳酸盐岩石库与岩相古地理环境，而且是反映古海洋生物、物理化学参数及其变化的重要记录，如水深、能量、温度、盐度、Eh-pH 等，可指示全球古海洋组成、生产力、海平面变化、古气候、古大气 pCO2等重要指标及成岩演化(Fabricius et al，1970;Schia-von，1988;Chatalov，2005;李 飞 等，2015;Petrash et al，2017)。另外，铸(鲕)模孔或孔缝洞也是油气的主要载体之一，深受产业界的重视(Hood and Wallace，2018)。前人研究表明，地质历史时期均可出现鲕粒，早至中太古代(2