物理化学学报ActaPhys.-Chim.Sin.2023,39(3),2210017(1of15)Received:October13,2022;Revised:November28,2022;Accepted:November29,2022;Publishedonline:December5,2022.*Correspondingauthor.Email:yihanzhu@zjut.edu.cnTheprojectwassupportedbytheNationalKeyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina(2022YFE0113800)andtheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(22075250,22122505,21771161).国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0113800)及国家自然科学基金(22075250,22122505,21771161)资助项目©EditorialofficeofActaPhysico-ChimicaSinica[Review]doi:10.3866/PKU.WHXB202210017www.whxb.pku.edu.cnFour-DimensionalScanningTransmissionElectronMicroscopy:FromMaterialMicrostructurestoPhysicochemicalPropertiesQilongFeng,ChongzhiZhu,GuanSheng,TulaiSun,YongheLi,YihanZhu*ElectronMicroscopyCenter(AnalysisandTestingCenter),FrontierInterdisciplinaryResearchInstitute,SchoolofChemicalEngineering,ZhejiangUniversityofTechnology,Hangzhou310014,China.Abstract:Theresolutionlimitofscanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(STEM)hasnowreachedatomicresolution.Further,owingtoitsflexiblemulti-channelimagingandpowerfulspectralcharacterizationabilities,STEMhasshownimmensepromiseformicroscalecharacterizationinmaterialssciences,lifesciences,andotherfields.However,thetraditionalSTEMdetectorislimitedbyitssingle-pixelintegraldetectionmechanism,duetowhichitcanonlycollectscatteredelectronsataspecificangle.Thisnotonlyresultsinalossofangle-resolvedinformationofthescatteredelectrons,butalsoreducesthedoseefficiencyoftheincidentelectrons.Therefore,itisimperativethatnewimagingtechniquesaredevelopedtoachievehigh-throughput,high-electron-dose-efficiencyimaging.Recentadvancesinelectrondirectdetectiontechniquesanddetectorswithpartitionedorpixelatedconfigurations,aswellastherapidlyincreasingcomputingpoweranddiskstorage,havecontributedtotherapiddevelopmentoffour-dimensionalSTEM(4D-STEM)technology.Uniquely,4D-STEMallowsonetoacquirestructuralinformationassociatedwithscatteredelectrons.Duringtheacquisitionof4D-STEMdata,theconvergentelectronbeamperformstwo-dime...
