008VOLUME10/ISSUE4/AUGUST2022https://doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020068TheReplantingandLocalizingofChinesenessinWhampoa’sGardenofSingapore*CORRESPONDINGAUTHORAddress:4ArchitectureDr,Singapore117566,SingaporeEmail:fenglishen918@126.comFENGLishen*NationalUniversityofSingapore,Singapore119077,SingaporeHIGHLIGHTS·ReconstructingthelayoutofWhampoa’sGarden,arenownedhistoricalChinesegardeninSingapore·Revealingitsmorphologicalconnectionwiththegardensintheowner’shometown·Scrutinizingtheowner’sselectionofChinesenessfordifferentpurposesRECEIVEDDATE2022-07-29KEYWORDSSingapore;Colony;HooAhKay;OverseasChinese;Whampoa’sGarden;ChinesenessGRAPHICALABSTRACTWhampoa’sGardeninSingaporeWhampoaVillagenearGuangzhouAprominentfigureinthecolonyAplantloverinSingapore’sAgri-HorticulturalSocietyAChineseconsulinSingaporeAneminentholderofhigh-rankingChineseofficialtitleGardenideasandtechniquesfromChinaChineseelementsbeingmoresymbolicthanauthenticHooAhKay'sculturalbackgroundLayoutreconstructionofthelostgardenGardendesignanalysesChangesofthegardenlayoutinSeahLiangSeah'spossessionConstraintsandneedsinSingaporeContinuousWesternandMalayinfluencesonitsdesignsLANDSCAPEARCHITECTUREFRONTIERS/PAPERS0091IntroductionFortwocenturies,affluentimmigrantsfromEurope,China,andotherpartsofAsiahavebeencreatingimpressivemansionsandgardensinSingapore,developingstylesthatreflectnotonlyfeaturesfromtheirhomecountriesbutalsodistinctivedifferences.TheartandideasofChinesegardenshavebeendisseminatedthroughoutSoutheastAsiasincethe19thcentury.Gardens,incontrasttotheformulaictemplesandhomescircumscribedbyChinesecustom,aremorereceptivetonon-Chineseideaswhilefacingotherconstraintssuchasplantspeciesandclimate.Localconditions,WesterninfluencesandselectedChineseness[1]interminglewitheachother,shapingtheuniquenessoftheChinesegardensinSoutheastAsia.Theearliestwell-documentedexampleofChinesegardensinSingaporeisWhampoa’sGardeninthenortheastsuburb,purchasedbyHooAhKay(胡亚基or胡璇泽,1816–1880),akaMrWhampoa,in1840.[2]HoowasaCanton...
