危害栓皮栎的中国突瓣叶蜂属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）一新种_刘萌萌.pdf

doi：10.11707/j.1001-7488.LYKX20220114危害栓皮栎的中国突瓣叶蜂属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）一新种*刘萌萌1,3虞国跃2李泽建3王凯1魏美才4（1.丽水学院生态学院丽水 323000；2.北京市农林科学院植物保护研究所北京 100097；3.丽水市林业局华东药用植物园科研管理中心省级博士后科研工作站丽水 323000；4.江西师范大学生命科学学院南昌 330022）摘要：记述采自北京市平谷区危害栓皮栎的突瓣叶蜂属（膜翅目：叶蜂科）一新种：斑痣突瓣叶蜂 Nematusmaculostigmatus Liu&Wei,sp.nov.。该种幼虫取食栓皮栎的叶片。新种与黄环突瓣叶蜂（N.princeps Zaddach,1876）近似，二者的主要区别是：新种上唇、翅基片、前中足股节背侧长斑、后足股节小斑、前中足胫节腹侧及背侧基部 4/5、后足胫节基部 2/3、腹部第 1 背板全部、第 2 背板大部黄色；颚眼距 0.5 倍于中单眼直径；锯鞘 1.3 倍于前足胫节，锯腹片中部锯刃具 46 个外侧亚基齿；第 1 节缝向端部倾斜，215 节缝具刺毛带，刺毛带最宽处约 3/5 于锯节宽；锯根 0.7 倍于锯端；阳茎瓣腹叶刺突明显倾斜。黄环突瓣叶蜂上唇、翅基片小部暗褐色；前中足股节、胫节、跗节除各节端缘外红黄色；后足股节基部 1/3 红黄色；腹部第 34 节大部黄色；颚眼距 1.5 倍于中单眼直径；锯鞘 0.8 倍于前足胫节；锯腹片中部锯刃多具 912 个外侧亚基齿；第 1 节缝不倾斜，213 节缝具刺毛带，刺毛带最宽处约为锯节的 1/3 宽；锯根 0.9 倍于锯端；阳茎瓣腹叶刺突不倾斜，端部侧面具突起。采用 DNA 试剂盒法提取了新种基因组 DNA，测序获得新种 CO基因序列，长度为 810 bp。另从 Genbank 数据库中下载突瓣叶蜂属、槌缘叶蜂属已知种类 CO序列 14 条，与新种序列构成 CO序列数据集，运算突瓣叶蜂属内种间的 K2P 距离，计算结果显示，斑痣突瓣叶蜂与黄环突瓣叶蜂的 K2P 距离最小，为0.116；基于贝叶斯法构建了 CO基因系统发育树，树图结果显示，斑痣突瓣叶蜂与突瓣叶蜂属内其他 11 个已知种聚为一支，构成单系群。分子分析结果与形态鉴定结果一致，均支持新种成立。新种模式标本保存于江西南昌亚洲叶蜂博物馆。关键词：突瓣叶蜂亚科；突瓣叶蜂族；栓皮栎；中国中图分类号：S718.7文献标识码：A文章编号：10017488(2023)02010705A New Species of Nematus Panzer(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae),a Defoliator of Quercus variabilis in Beijing,ChinaLiu Mengmeng1,3Yu Guoyue2Li Zejian3Wang Kai1Wei Meicai4（1.College of Ecology,Lishui UniversityLishui 323000；2.Institute of Plant Protection,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097；3.Provincial Postdoctoral Research StationScientific Research and Management Center of East China Medicinal Botanical GardenLishui Forestry BureauLishui 323000；4.College of Life Sciences,Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022）Abstract：This paper describes a new species of the genus Nematus(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae),Nematus maculostigmatusLiu&Wei,sp.nov.The insect is collected from Pinggu District,Beijing,where its larvae feed on leaves of Quercus variabilis andeven can defoliate entire tree leaves at high densities.Recurrent defoliation can cause major dieback.The new species is similar toN.princeps Zaddach,1876,but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters:labrum,tegula,large stripe ondorsal side of fore and middle femora,spot of hind femur,except apical 1/5 on dorsal side of fore and middle tibiae,basal 2/3 ofhind tibia,whole tergum 1,and most parts of tergum 2 yellow;malar space 0.5 times as long as diameter of median ocellus;ovipositor sheath 1.3 times as long as front tibia;each middle serrula of lancet with 46 distal teeth;annular suture 1 oblique toapex,2nd15th sutures with setae bands,longest setae band about 3/5 length of annulus;radix 0.7 times as long as lamnium;valvispina of penis valve obliqued distinctly.N.princeps Zaddach,1876 is recognized as follow:labrum and part of tegula darkbrown;femora and tibiae of fore and middle legs,except apical margins of each tarsomere of fore and middle tarsi,basal 1/3 ofhind femur reddish yellow;most parts of terga 34 yellow;malar space 1.5 times as long as diameter of median ocellus;ovipositor 收稿日期：20220228；修回日期：20220610。基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目（31970447）；百山祖国家公园科学研究项目（2021KFLY08）；丽水市博士后科研工作站考核奖励专项（2021，2023）。*魏美才为通讯作者。王合、赵建海、唐冠忠先生在标本采集等方面给予大力帮助，在此一并致谢。第 59 卷 第 2 期林业科学 Vol.59，No.22 0 2 3 年 2 月SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAEFeb.，2 0 2 3sheath 0.8 times as long as front tibia;each middle serrula of lancet with 912 distal teeth;annular suture 1 not obliqued;2nd13thsutures with setae bands,longest setae band about 1/3 length of annulus;radix 0.9 times as long as lamnium;valvispina of penisvalve not obliqued,ventral side of apex with a protrusion.The genomic DNA of the new species was extracted by using theDNeasy Tissue Kit(Qiagen,Valencia,CA),sequence of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome oxidase (CO)were obtainedfrom sequencing,with 810 bp in length;another 14 CO sequences of known Nematus and Pristiphora species used in previousphylogenetic analyses were downloaded from GenBank,and formed the CO I sequence data set with the new species sequence.The results of Kimura 2-parameter model distance of the 12 Nematus CO sequences showed that the K2P distance between N.maculostigmatus and N.princeps was the smallest,0.116.Phylogenetic tree of Nematus and related genus species based onBayesian phylogenetic analysis of CO sequences was constructed,and the results showed that all the Nematus species formed amonophyletic group,including the new species.The holotype and all paratypes of the new species were deposited in the AsianSawfly Museum,Nanchang,China(ASMN).Key words：Nematinae；Nematini；Quercus variabilis；China 突瓣叶蜂属 Nematus Panzer,1801 隶属于膜翅目（Hymenoptera）叶蜂科（Tenthredinidae）突瓣叶蜂亚科（Nematinae），本属种类分化复杂，物种分类困难，与近缘属的界限至今仍有争议（Prous et al.,2014），世界叶蜂目录中记载该属 259 种，但其中部分种类可能不是本属成员（Taeger et al.,2010）。依据 Prous 等（2014）的突瓣叶蜂亚科分类体系，中国记载突瓣叶蜂属 17 种（Liu et al.,2019;2021；Wei et al.,2006）。本文所描述的新种斑痣突瓣叶蜂 N.maculostigmatus Liu&Wei,sp.nov.的幼虫取食栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）的叶片，在北京平谷区可造成个别栓皮栎整个枝条或整株失叶。本文对该新种的形态学特征进行了详细描述，并提供了与其近似种黄环突瓣叶蜂的区别特征。本研究中新种描述所用仪器、软件等详见刘萌萌等（2018）。形态学术语参照 Ross（1945）、Viitasaari（2002）和 Takeuchi（1952）。新种模式标本保存于亚洲叶蜂博物馆。正