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岩溶
热水
更新
能力
菏泽
凸起
地热
康凤新
地球科学 Earth Sciencehttp:/第 48 卷 第 3期2 0 2 3 年 3 月Vol.48 No.3Mar.2 0 2 3https:/doi.org/10.3799/dqkx.2022.448岩溶热储地热水可更新能力及采灌均衡可持续开采量:以菏泽潜凸起地热田为例康凤新1,2,3,4,5,马哲民4,6,史启朋4,6,刘肖4,6,黄鹤湾6 1.山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院,山东青岛 266590 2.山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八一水文地质工程地质大队,山东济南 250014 3.山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心,山东济南 250014 4.山东省地热清洁能源勘查开发工程研究中心,山东济宁 272100 5.济南大学水利与环境学院,山东济南 250022 6.山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院,山东济宁 272100摘要:地热水可更新能力及采灌均衡可持续开采量计算评价是地热能可持续开采的关键核心问题.为更科学地开展评价研究,以菏泽潜凸起岩溶热储地热田为例,以地热水循环富集、开采动态、水化学条件、同位素特征等为主控评价因子,建立评价指标体系,综合评价岩溶热储地热资源可更新能力;提出了地热水采灌均衡保证地热水量均衡和热能均衡条件下可持续开采量的计算方法,评价了地热田集中开采区采灌均衡条件下地热水的可持续开采量.菏泽潜凸起地热田地热水可更新能力分为强、较强、较差和差 4个区.强区分布于地热田东北部靠近梁山和嘉祥补给山区一带;差区分布于地热田中南部定陶菏泽城区地热水排泄区一带;补给区和断裂带附近裂隙岩溶发育、富水性较好,远离补给区和断裂带的则岩溶发育度程度差、热储富水性差.集中开采区岩溶地热水采灌均衡条件下可持续开采量为 122 600 m3/d,是自然条件下的 2.49倍.关键词:菏泽潜凸起地热田;岩溶热储;可更新能力;热突破;采灌均衡可持续开采量;地热能.中图分类号:P314 文章编号:1000-2383(2023)03-1118-20 收稿日期:2022-08-20Renewable Capacity of Karst Geothermal Water and Production-Reinjection Balanced Resources Evaluation:A Case Study of Heze Buried Uplift Geothermal FieldsKang Fengxin1,2,3,4,5,Ma Zhemin4,6,Shi Qipeng4,6,Liu Xiao4,6,Huang Hewan6 1.College of Earth Science and Engineering,Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China 2.801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources(SPBGM),Jinan 250014,China 3.Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater,Jinan 250014,China 4.Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Geothermal Energy Exploration and Development,基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(Nos.42072331,U1906209).作者简介:康 凤 新(1968-),男,研 究 员,博 士,主 要 从 事 水 文 地 质 地 热 地 质 研 究.ORCID:0000000236158729.Email:引用格式:康凤新,马哲民,史启朋,刘肖,黄鹤湾,2023.岩溶热储地热水可更新能力及采灌均衡可持续开采量:以菏泽潜凸起地热田为例.地球科学,48(3):1118-1137.Citation:Kang Fengxin,Ma Zhemin,Shi Qipeng,Liu Xiao,Huang Hewan,2023.Renewable Capacity of Karst Geothermal Water and ProductionReinjection Balanced Resources Evaluation:A Case Study of Heze Buried Uplift Geothermal Fields.Earth Science,48(3):1118-1137.第 3 期康凤新等:岩溶热储地热水可更新能力及采灌均衡可持续开采量Jining 272100,China 5.School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China 6.Shandong Lunan Geological Engineering Survey Institute,Jining 272100,ChinaAbstract:The renewable capacity of geothermal water and production-reinjection balanced resources evaluation of karst geothermal fields are the key issues of sustainable exploitation of geothermal energy.In order to evaluate the research more scientifically,this paper takes the Heze buried uplift geothermal field as an example,and takes the cycle enrichment,development dynamics,hydro-chemical and isotope characteristics of geothermal water as the controlling factors to establish an evaluation index system to comprehensively evaluate the renewable capacity of karst reservoir geothermal resources.The calculation method of sustainable yield of geothermal water is put forward under the prerequisite of production-reinjection balance,i.e.under the condition of geothermal water equilibrium and heat energy equilibrium.Then,the sustainable yield of geothermal water in the concentrated exploitation area of the geothermal field is evaluated.The renewability of geothermal water in the Heze buried uplift geothermal field is divided into four districts:strong,relatively strong,medium and poor.The strong region is distributed in the recharge area in the northeastern part of the geothermal field near the Liang mountain and Jiaxiang;the poor region is distributed in the discharge area around Dingtao-Heze urban area in the central and southern part of the geothermal field.In the recharge area and near the fault zones,the fissures and karstifications are developed strongly,and the water abundance of the geothermal reservoir is rich.On the contrary,far away from the recharge area and the fault zones,the fissures and karstifications are developed weakly,and the water abundance is poor.Under the production-reinjection balanced condition,the sustainable yield of geothermal resources is evaluated to be 122 600 m3/d in the concentrated exploitation area,which is 2.49 times as much as under the natural condition.Key words:Heze buried uplift geothermal field;karst geothermal reservoir;renewable capacity;thermal breakthrough;sustainable yield for productionreinjection balance;geothermal energy.地热资源是一种绿色清洁的可再生能源,在开采结束后系统内消耗的资源可以被重新补充和更新(Pritchett,1998;Megel and Rybach,2000),国 内 外 许 多 学 者 主 要 采 用 氢 氧 稳 定 同 位 素、氚和14C 放射性同位素等来研究地热水可更新能力(周 廷 强 等,2003;马 致 远 等,2006;陈 宗 宇 等,2010;毛绪美等,2010;张保建等,2010;苏艳等,2007;Sun et al.,2016;Luo et al.,2017),但 因 地热水与浅层地下水的混合比例难以准确测定,稳定同位素受高程、季节效应等影响明显,仅用同位素评价地热水的可更新能力并不确切.前人一般采用统计分析法、热储法或数值法等计算地热流体 可 持 续 开 采 量(戴 明 刚 等,2019;李 一 鸣,2019),采灌均衡条件下的资源计算鲜有报道.菏泽潜凸起地热田位于山东省菏泽市境内,主要热储岩性为奥陶纪碳酸盐岩,地热资源储量丰 富.目 前 已 有 岩 溶 热 储 地 热 开 采 井 100 余 眼,开采量约 44 500 m3/d,主要用于地热供暖、洗浴等;井 口 出 水 温 度 4575.随 着 岩 溶 地 热 水 开采量逐年增加,水位呈持续下降趋势,为保证地热资源的可持续开发利用,针对地热水可更新能力不清、采灌均衡条件下的可采资源计算缺少理论方法支撑等问题,本文采用地热水补给循环富集及动态特征、水化学特征、同位素特征为控制因子,计算评价了地下水可更新能力;利用开采强度法和