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盐胁迫对裸果木幼苗光合特性的影响_周晓瑾.pdf
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胁迫 果木 幼苗 光合 特性 影响 周晓瑾
第 32 卷第 2 期Vol.32,No.275-832023 年 2 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA周晓瑾,黄海霞,张君霞,等.盐胁迫对裸果木幼苗光合特性的影响.草业学报,2023,32(2):7583.ZHOU Xiao-jin,HUANG Hai-xia,ZHANG Jun-xia,et al.Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics of Gymnocarpos przewalskii seedlings.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2023,32(2):7583.盐胁迫对裸果木幼苗光合特性的影响周晓瑾,黄海霞*,张君霞,马步东,陆刚,齐建伟,张婷,朱珠(甘肃农业大学林学院,甘肃 兰州 730070)摘要:本研究以一年生裸果木幼苗为材料,采用盆栽育苗方式,设计 7 个不同浓度 NaCl 溶液(CK、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%、1.0%和 1.2%)模拟盐分胁迫,测定分析了其叶片气体交换参数、光响应曲线及叶绿素荧光参数的变化规律。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)均呈下降趋势,NaCl浓度0.4%时,各处理 Pn、Gs和 Tr均显著低于 CK;气孔限制值(Ls)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)随盐浓度增加呈先升后降趋势,胞间 CO2浓度(Ci)呈相反趋势,NaCl浓度为 0.4%时,Ls达到最大值,而 Ci达到最小值,说明 Pn下降以气孔限制因素为主,而当 NaCl浓度0.6%时,以非气孔限制为主要因素。随着盐胁迫程度的增大,最大净光合速率(Pnmax)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光饱和点(LSP)、表观量子效率(AQY)逐渐降低,光补偿点(LCP)逐渐增加,表明盐分抑制了幼苗对光的吸收、利用和转换能力。叶片 PSII 潜在活性(Fv/F0)、原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、实际光化学效率(PSII)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学猝灭系数(qp)随着盐浓度的增加呈下降趋势;非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)在0.4%NaCl处理下较 CK 显著增加,盐浓度0.8%时,NPQ 显著下降。基质的 NaCl浓度在 0.2%和 0.4%时,裸果木叶片 Pn、Fv/F0、Fv/Fm下降不显著,WUE有所提高,PSII系统可以通过耗散过剩的光能保护光合机构,表现出一定的耐盐性;但盐浓度超过 0.6%时,光合生态幅变窄,光合机构受到明显破坏,显著抑制了光合作用能力。关键词:裸果木;光合作用;光响应曲线;叶绿素荧光参数Effects of salt stress on photosynthetic characteristics of Gymnocarpos przewalskiiseedlingsZHOU Xiao-jin,HUANG Hai-xia*,ZHANG Jun-xia,MA Bu-dong,LU Gang,QI Jian-wei,ZHANG Ting,ZHU ZhuCollege of Forestry,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,ChinaAbstract:This research examined the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis responses in potted seedlings of theannual plant Gymnocarpos przewalskii.Salt stress was simulated using seven NaCl solutions of differentconcentrations(CK,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%,1.0%and 1.2%)and changes in leaf gas exchangeparameters,light response curves and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined and analyzed.It wasfound that with increasing salt concentration,leaf net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs)andtranspiration rate(Tr)all showed a downward trend.At NaCl concentrations 0.4%,Pn,Gsand Trwere allsignificantly lower than in CK plants.Stomatal limit value(Ls)and instantaneous water use efficiency(WUE)showed an initial upward with a maximum value in the 0.4%NaCl treatment,and then a downward trend at higherDOI:10.11686/cyxb2022041http:/收稿日期:2022-01-21;改回日期:2022-03-14基金项目:甘肃农业大学学科建设专项基金(GSAU-XKJS-2018-110),甘肃省自然科学基金项目(17JR5RA144)和甘肃农业大学学科建设专项基金(GSAU-XKJS-2018-100)资助。作者简介:周晓瑾(1996-),女,甘肃通渭人,在读硕士。E-mail: 通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail:Vol.32,No.2ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)NaCl concentrations.Intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)showed the opposite trend,reaching its minimum valuewhen the NaCl concentration was less than or equal to 0.4%.The decrease in Pnwas mainly due to non-stomatallimitation when the NaCl concentration was equal to or greater than 0.6%,at lower NaCl levels,stomatal limitationwas the main factor.As the degree of salt stress increased,the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax),darkrespiration rate(Rd),light saturation point(LSP)and the apparent quantum efficiency(AQY)all gradually decreased,while the light compensation point(LCP)gradually increased,indicating salt inhibits the ability of seedlings toabsorb,utilize and convert light.Leaf PSII potential activity(Fv/F0),light energy conversion efficiency(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency(PSII),electron transfer rate(ETR)and photochemical quenching coefficient(qp)all showed decreases with increasing salt concentration.The non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)wassignificantly increased compared with CK at NaCl concentrations 0.4%,but was significantly decreased when thesalt concentration was 0.8%.At NaCl concentrations in the seedling substrate of 0.2%and 0.4%,the Pn,Fv/F0,and Fv/Fmvalues of G.przewalskii leaves did not decrease significantly,relative to CK,and the WUEincreased.The PSII system can protect the photosynthetic mechanism by dissipating excess light energy,thusconferring some salt tolerance.However when the salt concentration exceeded 0.6%,the light energy utilizationrange was narrowed,the photosynthetic apparatus was obviously damaged,and the photosynthetic capacity wassignificantly inhibited.Therefore,based on these results,0.6%NaCl is the threshold concentration,above whichsalt stress injury for seedlings of G.przewalskii is likely to occur.Key words:Gymnocarpos przewalskii;photosynthesis;light response curve;fluorescence parameters裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)是石竹科,裸果木属的一种多年生亚灌木状植物,主要生长在 8002500m 的干河床、山前洪积扇及砾质戈壁滩等地1,属于古地中海旱生植物区系成分,是亚洲中部荒漠区内比较稀少的孑遗物种2,对我国旱生植物区系起源和演化过程的研究有着重要的科学价值。裸果木分布区自然环境恶化、繁殖困难、加之人为因素和动物取食的影响,导致其分布区种群数量急剧降低,1997 年被列为国家一级保护植物3。目前主要分布于我国甘肃河西走廊、内蒙古西部、新疆部分区域及宁夏两区中西部4-6。本研究选用材料来自甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区,该区土壤盐分类型以硫酸盐氯化物钠盐和氯化物硫酸盐为主7,且其中 Cl和 Na+的含量分别为 0.4 g kg-1和 0.5 g kg-1 8。植物光合作用对盐胁迫敏感,表现为叶片气孔导度减弱,光合速率下降,导致植物生长发育受到不同程度的伤害,如张潭等9研究发现,枸杞(Lycium barbarum)叶片净光合速率在盐胁迫下受到明显的抑制,章华婷等10表明,高盐胁迫下夏蜡梅(Sinocalycanthus chinensis)最大光化学效率和潜在光化学效率显著降低,但张川红等11发现,国槐(Sophora japonica)在盐胁迫下能够维持或提高净光合速率,表现出较好的耐盐性。目前,有关裸果木的研究主要集中于种子萌发、根系形态和生理特征等方面12-14,而关于不同盐胁迫浓度对裸果木光合特性影响的研究尚未见报道。因此,本研究以安西极旱自然保护区土壤

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