伊犁河谷核心区春季PM_(2.5)组分特征及来源解析_谷超.pdf

Eco-EnvironmentalKnowledge Web环 境 科 学Environmental Science第44卷第4期 2023年4月Vol44，No4 Apr，2023伊犁河谷核心区春季 PM2.5组分特征及来源解析谷超1，2，徐涛2，马超2，伊布提哈尔 加帕尔3，郭丽瑶1*，李新琪1，2*，杨文1(1 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京100012;2 新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境监测总站，乌鲁木齐830011;3 伊犁哈萨克自治州环境监测站，伊宁839300)摘要:为研究伊犁河谷核心区春季大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)中无机元素、水溶性离子和碳组分特征和来源，于 2021 年 4 月 20 29 日在伊犁河谷核心区布设 6 个环境采样点，对 PM2.5中水溶性离子、无机元素和碳组分等 51 种化学组分进行分析，并使用化学质量平衡(CMB)模型对其来源进行解析 结果表明，采样期间(PM2.5)变化范围介于 9 35 g m3 Si、Ca、Al、Na、Mg、Fe 和 K 等地壳元素占比较高，占 PM2.5的12%，表明春季 PM2.5受到明显的扬尘源的影响 富集因子结果表明，Zn、Ni、Cr、Pb、Cu 和 As 元素主要来源于化石燃料燃烧和机动车排放 元素组分的空间分布特征受采样点周边环境的影响，新政府片区受燃煤源的影响较大，故 As 浓度较高，伊宁市局和第二水厂受机动车影响较大，Sb 和 Sn 浓度较高 PM2.5中 9 种水溶性离子(WSIIs)的浓度占 PM2.5的33.2%，其中(SO2 4)、(NO3)、(Ca2+)和(NH+4)分别为(2.48 0.57)、(1.22 0.75)、(1.180.49)和(0.98 0.45)g m3，Ca2+高同样反映了扬尘源的影响 各采样点 n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)介于 0.63 0.85 之间，说明伊犁河谷核心区受固定源影响高于移动源，伊宁市局和第二水厂临路受机动车排放尾气影响较大，导致其 n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)较高，伊宁县位于居民区，受散煤燃烧影响较大，故 n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)值较低 PM2.5中 有机碳(OC)和 元素碳(EC)平均值(范围)分别为5.12 g m3(4.67 6.25 g m3)和0.75 g m3(0.51 0.97 g m3)，伊宁市局两侧临路受机动车尾气影响较大，故该站点 OC 和 EC 浓度略高于其他采样点 采用最小比值法计算得到的 SOC(二次有机碳)结果显示，新政府片区、第二水厂和伊宁市局 SOC 浓度高于其他站点 CMB 源解析结果显示该区域 PM2.5主要贡献源为二次颗粒物(33.3%)和扬尘源(17.5%)，且二次颗粒物以二次有机碳(16.2%)为主关键词:无机元素;水溶性离子;碳组分;PM2.5;源解析;伊犁河谷中图分类号:X513文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2023)04-1899-12DOI:1013227/j hjkx202202026收稿日期:2022-02-08;修订日期:2022-07-15基金项目:伊犁河谷核心区城市大气污染深度源解析及污染防治对策研究项目作者简介:谷超(1981 )，男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为大气环境质量监测与评价，E-mail:57901436 qq com*通信作者，E-mail:guo liyao craes org cn;45707398 qq comCharacteristics and Source Apportionment of PM2.5in the Core Area of Ili iverValley in SpringGU Chao1，2，XU Tao2，MA Chao2，Eptihar Jappar3，GUO Li-yao1*，LI Xin-qi1，2*，YANG Wen1(1 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and isk Assessment，Chinese esearch Academy of Environmental Sciences，Beijing 100012，China;2 EcologicalEnvironment Monitoring Centre of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous egion，Urumqi 830011，China;3 Environmental Monitor Station of Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture，Yining839300，China)Abstract:To explore the characteristics and sources of PM2.5in the core area of Ili iver Valley in spring，a total of 140 PM2.5samples were collected at six sampling sitesduring April 20-29，2021，and 51 chemical components including inorganic elements，water-soluble ions，and carbon components were analyzed The results showed that(PM2.5)was at a low level during sampling，ranging from 9 g m3to 35 g m3 Si，Ca，Al，Na，Mg，Fe，and K were the most abundant elements，accounting for12%of PM2.5，indicating that PM2.5was affected by the dust sources in spring The spatial distribution characteristics of elements depended on the surrounding environmentsof the sampling sites The new government area was affected by coal-fired sources，so the value of As concentration was high Yining Municipal Bureau and the Second WaterPlant were greatly affected by motor vehicle sources，so the values of Sb and Sn concentration were higher The enrichment factor results showed that Zn，Ni，Cr，Pb，Cu，and As were mainly emitted from fossil fuel combustion and motor vehicles The concentration of water-soluble ions accounted for 33.2%of PM2.5 Among them，(SO2 4)，(NO3)，(Ca2+)，and(NH+4)were(2.48 0.57)，(1.22 0.75)，(1.18 0.49)，and(0.98 0.45)g m3，respectively The higher Ca2+concentrationalso reflected the contribution of dust sources The ratio of n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)was between 0.63 and 0.85，which indicated that the influence of stationary sources was moreimportant than that of mobile sources Both Yining Municipal Bureau and the Second Water Plant were affected by motor vehicle exhaust;therefore，their n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)ratios were high Yining County was in a residential area，and therefore its n(NO3)/n(SO2 4)ratio was lower The average(OC)and(EC)in PM2.5were5.12 g m3(4.67-6.25 g m3)and 0.75 g m3(0.51-0.97 g m3)，respectively Yining Municipal Bureau was significantly affected by motor vehicle exhaustfrom both sides，so the values of OC and EC concentration were slightly higher than those in other sampling sites The SOC concentration was calculated by the minimum ratiomethod，and the results showed that the values of SOC concentration in the New Government Area，the Second Water Plant，and Yining Ecological Environment Bureau werehigher than those in other sampling sites The results of the CMB model showed that PM2.5in this area mainly came from the contribution of secondary particulate matter anddust sources，which accounted for 33.3%and 17.5%，respectively Secondary organic carbon(16.2%)was the main contribution source of secondary particulate matterKey words:inorganic elements;water-soluble ions;carbon components;PM2.5;source apportionment;Ili iver Valley环境科学44 卷随着社会经济发展，环境问题日益突出，以PM2.5(空气动力学当量直径2.5 m 的颗粒物)为主的空气污染物受到广泛的关注1 PM2.5由多种复杂的化学成分组成，且 PM2.5直接或间接吸收太阳辐射，从而影响生态系统并导致气候变化2 目前关于 PM2.5的研究主要包括颗粒物测量3、颗粒物成分特 征4，5、来 源 解 析6、环 境 暴 露 与 健 康 影响7 10、模型评估及预测11、排放清单12 和颗粒物减排13 等方面 近年来，京津冀、珠三角、成渝和汾渭平原地区秋冬季 PM2.5和化学组分如 SO2 4和有机物(OM)的浓度平均值均呈下降趋势14 其中，王彤等15 的研究表明京津冀郊区污染已从燃煤主导的煤烟型污染发展为燃煤和机动车复合型污染，二次颗粒物和交通源是京津冀郊区站点秋冬季PM2.5的主要贡献源 江家豪等16 的研究表明有机物(42.3%)和 SO2 4(17.6%)是深圳 PM2.5的主要组分，200