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养血
针法
治疗
肝风
内动型
失眠
临床
研究
作用
机制
探讨
赵文清
86第25 卷 第 1 期 2023 年 1 月辽 宁 中 医 药 大 学 学 报JOURNAL OF LIAONING UNIVERSITY OF TCMVol.25 No.1 Jan.,2023养血柔肝针法治疗肝风内动型脑卒中后失眠临床研究及作用机制探讨赵文清1,邢晓彤2,周琼阳1,王栩2,张智龙2(1.天津中医药大学,天津 301617;2.天津市中医药研究院附属医院,天津 300120)基金项目:国家中医药管理局国家中医临床研究基地业务建设科研专项课题(JDZ2015023)作者简介:赵文清(1995-),女,浙江嘉兴人,硕士在读,研究方向:糖尿病及其并发症。通讯作者:张智龙(1961-),男,天津人,教授、主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士,研究方向:糖尿病及其并发症。摘要:目的 观察养血柔肝针法治疗卒中后失眠的临床疗效,并对其作用机制进行初步的探讨。方法 以天津市中医药研究院附属医院针灸科2017年10月2019年3月门诊及住院部肝风内动型卒中后失眠患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,两组患者均进行中风后康复的常规基础治疗+常规针刺治疗,观察组采用养血柔肝针法+安慰剂(艾司唑仑片模拟剂型)治疗;对照组采用艾司唑仑片治疗,疗程均为2周。以匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分、美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、神经炎性因子白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-(TNF-)及神经递质-氨基丁酸(GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)水平为疗效指标。结果 观察组总有效率为91.3%,对照组总有效率为74.5%,观察组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗后PSQI评分、NIHSS评分均优于本组治疗前(P0.05);治疗后观察组PSQI评分优于对照组(P0.05)。两组治疗前5-HT、IL-6、TNF-、GABA水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后观察组血清IL-6、TNF-水平较前下降,5-HT、GABA水平较前升高(P0.05)。结论 养血柔肝针法可明显改善脑卒中后失眠肝风内动型患者的睡眠质量及神经功能缺损情况,改善神经炎性因子(IL-6、TNF-)及神经递质(GABA、5-HT)水平,且作用时间持久,不良反应小,其疗效优于艾司唑仑片治疗,是一种安全而有效的治疗方法,临床值得推广应用。关键词:养血柔肝针法;肝风内动;卒中;失眠;临床疗效中图分类号:R256.23 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-842X (2023)01-0086-05Clinical Study and Mechanism of Blood-nourishing and Liver-softening Acupuncture in the Treatment of Insomnia after Stroke with Internal Movement of Liver WindZHAO Wenqing1,XING Xiaotong2,ZHOU Qiongyang1,WANG Xu2,ZHANG Zhilong2(1.Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Tianjin 301617,China;2.Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital,Tianjin 300120,China)Abstract:Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of blood-nourishing and liver-softening acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia after stroke,and to explore its mechanism.Methods From October 2017 to March 2019,patients with post-stroke insomnia in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the affiliated hospital of Tianjin academy of traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into observation group and control group.the patients in the two groups were treated with routine basic treatment of post-stroke rehabilitation plus routine acupuncture,and the observation group was treated with blood-nourishing and liver-softening acupuncture+placebo(simulated dosage form of estazolam).The control group was treated with estazolam tablets for 2 weeks.Pittsburg Sleep quality Index(PSQI),National Institutes of Health Stroke scale(NIHSS),neuroinflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-and neurotransmitters GABA and 5-HT were used as therapeutic scorees.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 91.3%,while that of the control group was 74.5%,which was better than that of the control group(P0.05).The comparison of PSQI score and NIHSS score within the two groups showed that the two groups after treatment were better than those before treatment(P0.05),and the comparison of PSQI score between the observation group and the control group after treatment showed that the curative effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P0.05).The comparison of neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters showed that there was no significant difference in 5-HT,IL-6,TNF-and GABA between the two groups before treatment(P0.05).After treatment,the levels of serum IL-6 and TNF-decreased and 5-HT and GABA increased in the observation group(P0.05).Conclusion Blood-nourishing and liver-softening acupuncture can obviously improve the sleep quality and neurological function defect of patients with insomnia and internal movement of liver wind after stroke,and improve the levels of neuroinflammatory factors IL-6,TNF-and neurotransmitters GABA and 5-HT,with long-lasting action and little side effects.Its curative effect is better than that of estazolam tablets.It is a safe and effective treatment method,which is worth popularizing and applying in clinic.Keywords:blood-nourishing and liver-softening acupuncture;liver wind agitation;stroke;insomnia;clinical efficacyDOI:10.13194/j.issn.1673-842x.2023.01.01887 25 卷 辽宁中医药大学学报 脑卒中为脑血管疾病的主要临床类型,是一种以突然发病、迅速出现脑功能局限性或弥漫性缺损为临床特点的疾病。卒中后失眠(post-stroke insomina,PSI)是指在脑卒中恢复过程中出现睡眠时长、质量或节律发生紊乱的疾病。流行病学调查表明,超过70%的急性脑卒中患者都存在不同程度和不同形式的睡眠障碍1,其中失眠的比例高达30%68%2,比普通人群高35倍3。现代医学认为其发生机制可能是由于梗死后脑组织缺血、缺氧,中枢神经细胞发生不可逆损害,大量5-羟色胺(5-HT)、褪黑素、乙酰胆碱和白介素等中枢神经递质和细胞因子合成分泌紊乱,致使网状结构、丘脑或其他与睡眠有关的中枢神经系统受损4。目前临床常用的睡眠药物长期服用大多具有耐药性及药物依赖性,故不建议长期服用,且停药后复发率高,症状可能呈反跳性加重。故寻求一种行之有效且无任何不良反应、作用时间持久的治疗方法尤为重要。针灸作为一种绿色且有效的治疗手段对于中风及其并发症的治疗效果显著。卒中后失眠属于中医学“不寐”范畴,其发生是因卒中而引发的经脉痹阻,气机逆乱,气血虚少,脏腑阴阳功能失调所致。张智龙教授通过大量的临床观察提出“肝风内动,魂不守舍”为本病的基本病机,临证以疏肝解郁、养血柔肝为治疗的基本大法,创立养血柔肝针法。本研究以养血柔肝针法为干预手段,观察其临床疗效并对其作用机制进行探讨。1资料与方法1.1 临床资料本研究病例来源于2017年10月2019年3月天津市中医药研究院附属医院针灸科门诊及住院部肝风内动型卒中后失眠患者,按随机数字表法分为两组,即对照组和观察组,每组48例。对两组患者的性别、年龄、病程、病情进行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。见表1。本试验由我院伦理委员会予以批准,患者知情同意并签署知情同意书。表1 两组患者一般资料比较组别例数性别/例平均年龄(xs)/岁平均病程(xs)/d男 女观察组4621 2569.133.9848.4010.30对照组4723 2467.573.3452.309.501.2 诊断标准1.2.1 西医诊断标准脑卒中西医诊断标准参照 中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南20145、中国脑出血诊治指南(2014)6制定:急性起病;局灶或全面的神经功能缺损;颅脑CT及核磁共振提示病理改变;排除其他非血管性病因。失眠西医诊断标准参照世界卫生组织编写的 精神与行为障碍分类7制定:每天睡眠时间不足6 h;睡眠紊乱至少每周3次,至少持续1个月;存在入睡困难、睡眠维持困难或早醒、睡眠质量下降或日常睡眠晨醒后无恢复感;由于睡眠质量的不满意引起了明显的苦恼,且因苦