栽培模式和栽植方向对宁夏枸...特性、果实品质及产量的影响_李发毅.pdf

60中国果树，2023（3）：60-65本文于 2022-09-20 收到，2022-10-12 收到修改稿。*科技部重点研发项目（2018YFC0406604）；青海省创新平台建设专项（2020-0407-NCC-0001）；青海省财政支农资金林业新技术推广项目（2020SJTG-02、2020SJTG-03）。李发毅 E-mail：；吕亮雨为共同第一作者；樊光辉为通信作者，E-mail：。DOI：10.16626/ki.issn1000-8047.2023.03.012栽培模式和栽植方向对宁夏枸杞生长特性、果实品质及产量的影响*李发毅1,3，吕亮雨1,3，李建领2,3，付全1,3，樊光辉2,3（1 青海大学农牧学院，西宁 810016）（2 青海省农林科学院）（3 青海高原林木遗传育种实验室）摘要以宁夏枸杞宁杞 7 号为试验材料，探究常规栽培和篱架栽培模式下南北栽植、东西栽植方向对枸杞生长特性、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明：与常规栽培模式相比，篱架栽培模式对枸杞植株生长具有显著的促进作用，枸杞株高、冠幅、地径和结果枝长度均显著增加，其中南北栽植方向的促生效果优于东西栽植方向；篱架栽培模式的枸杞叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用率均高于常规栽培模式，其中南北栽植方向对叶片蒸腾速率和水分利用率的提升效果优于东西栽植方向，东西栽植方向对叶片净光合速率和气孔导度的提升效果优于南北栽植方向；不同栽培模式和栽植方向的叶片胞间 CO2浓度之间无显著差异；篱架栽培模式的枸杞果实可溶性固形物、多糖、甜菜碱、总黄酮、类胡萝卜素、多酚含量均高于常规栽培模式，其中南北栽植方向的果实内在品质优于东西栽植方向；篱架栽培模式的枸杞果实纵径、果形指数和鲜果百粒重较常规栽培模式均显著提高，其中南北栽植方向优于东西栽植方向；与常规栽培模式相比，篱架栽培模式的枸杞产量显著增加，南北方向篱架栽培模式较东西方向篱架栽培模式、南北方向常规栽培模式、东西方向常规栽培模式分别提高 11.6%、21.8%、32.8%。综上，篱架栽培模式可显著促进枸杞生长、提高果实品质和产量，其中南北栽植方向优于东西栽植方向。关键词宁夏枸杞；篱架栽培；光合作用；果实品质；产量中图分类号：S663.9文献标志码：A文章编号：1000-8047(2023)03-0060-06E Ef ff fe ec ct ts s o of f c cu ul lt ti iv va at ti io on n m mo od de e a an nd d p pl la an nt ti in ng g d di ir re ec ct ti io on n o on n g gr ro ow wt th h c ch ha ar ra ac ct te er ri is st ti ic cs s,f fr ru ui it t q qu ua al li it ty y a an nd d y yi ie el ld d o of fL Ly yc ci iu um m b ba ar rb ba ar ru um mL L.LI Fayi1,3,L Liangyu1,3,LI Jianling2,3,FU Quan1,3,FAN Guanghui2,3(1 College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016)(2 Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences)(3 Qinghai Plateau Forest Genetics and Breeding Laboratory)A Ab bs st tr ra ac ct tTakingLycium barbarumL.Ningqi No.7 as the experimental material,the effects of north-south andeast-west planting directions on the growth characteristics,fruit quality and yield ofL.barbarumL.under conventionalcultivation and trellis cultivation modes were investigated.The results showed that,compared with conventional cultivationmode,trellis cultivation mode significantly promoted the growth ofL.barbarumL.,and the plant height,crown width,grounddiameter and fruiting branch length were significantly increased.The growth promotion effect of north-south plantingdirection was better than that of east-west planting direction.The leaf Pn,Tr,Gs and WUE ofL.barbarumL.under trelliscultivation mode were significantly higher than those under conventional cultivation mode.The growth promotion effect ofleaf Tr and WUE from north-south planting direction was better than that of east-west planting direction,while the leaf Pnand Gs from east-west planting direction was better,and there was no significant difference in leaf Ci between differentcultivation modes.The contents of soluble solids,polysaccharide,betaine,total flavonoids,carotenoid ascorbate andpolyphenols in the fruits of the trellis cultivation mode were significantly higher than those of the conventional cultivationmode,and the fruit internal quality of the north-south planting direction was better than that of the east-west planting61李发毅，吕亮雨，李建领，等：栽培模式和栽植方向对宁夏枸杞生长特性、果实品质及产量的影响direction.The longitudinal diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index and 100 grain weight of fresh fruit in trelliscultivation mode were significantly higher than those in conventional cultivation mode,and the north-south plantingdirection was better than east-west planting direction.Compared with the conventional cultivation mode,the yield of thetrellis cultivation mode increased significantly.Compared with the east-west trellis cultivation mode,the north-southconventional cultivation mode and the east-west conventional cultivation mode,the north-south trellis cultivation modeincreased by 11.6%,21.8%and 32.8%,respectively.In conclusion,trellis cultivation mode can significantly improve thegrowth,photosynthesis,internal quality and yield ofL.barbarumL.,and the north-south planting direction is better than theeast-west planting direction.K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds sLycium barbarumL.;trellis cultivation;photosynthesis;fruit quality;yield宁夏枸杞（Lycium barbarumL.）为茄科枸杞属落叶灌木，是我国西北干旱地区主要果树之一，以其干燥果实（枸杞子）入药1。枸杞果实中有许多对人体有益的成分，如胡萝卜素、黄酮、甜菜碱、枸杞多糖等2-3，具有止咳、明目、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老等作用4-5。枸杞既可作保健品又是酸甜可口的水果，是我国重要的果树资源6-7。随着人们生活水平的提高，对果品和保健品的营养元素含量需求也越来越高，其中如何提高枸杞果实内在品质和产量引起了许多学者的关注8-9。柴达木盆地位于青藏高原东北部，海拔高、风力大，宁夏枸杞作为浅根系小灌木，植株难以保持直立，容易发生倒伏10-11。倒伏后的枸杞，透光通风性减弱，光合受阻，植株生长减缓，黑果病、白粉病、蚜虫等病虫害加重，导致枸杞产量和品质下降12-14。樊光辉15参考葡萄、猕猴桃等的篱架种植模式，提出了枸杞篱架栽培模式以解决枸杞易倒伏问题，即在靠近枸杞植株且距离地面 50 cm 和 120 cm处沿枸杞树列走向各拉 1 条钢丝绳，树列中间及两端用水泥柱或钢柱固定拉紧，使用绳索或卡扣将枸杞主干固定在钢丝绳上。该方法与常规使用支撑杆保持枸杞植株直立等方法相比，具有使用周期长、成本低、便于田间规范化管理等优点16。已有研究结果表明，与常规栽培模式相比，篱架栽培模式对枸杞叶片、果实生长均具有促进作用，篱架栽培模式的枸杞叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶柄长度分别比常规栽培模式增大 3.98、2.08、1.75 mm；叶片厚度及叶片鲜重分别增加 1.29 倍和 1.13 倍；鲜果纵径、果形指数、鲜单果重、单株产量分别提高 3.33 mm、0.29、0.19 g、0.56 kg17。在柴达木地区，宁夏枸杞栽植方向主要有南北方向及东西方向，不同栽培模式和栽植方向对枸杞植株生长和果实品质存在较大的差异。结合田间试验，分别研究了篱架栽培与常规栽培模式下南北、东西栽植方向对宁夏枸杞植株生长、叶片光合作用、果实品质及产量的影响，为进一步推广篱架栽培模式提供数据支撑。1材料与方法1.1试验地概况试验地位于青海省海西蒙古族藏族自治州诺木洪农场（东经 96264，北纬 362646），地处柴达木盆地东南部，海拔约 2 850 m，属于高原山地气候，年平均气温 4.4，平均年降水量约 40 mm，平均年蒸发量 2 800 mm18-20。1.2试验材料供试宁夏枸杞品种为诺木洪农场主栽品种宁杞 7 号，树龄 1