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右美托咪定
联合
芬太尼
心脏
影响
保护
作用
研究
选发
现代生物医学进展Progress in Modern Biomedicine Vol.23NO.1JAN.2023doi:10.13241/ki.pmb.2023.01.037右美托咪定联合芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者细胞免疫功能的影响及心脑保护作用研究*李选发1唐婧英2李瑞程3靳闪3张伊川3王梅荣3(1 海南医学院第二附属医院麻醉科 海南 海口 570216;2 海南省人民医院麻醉科 海南 海口 570311;3 海南医学院第二附属医院心外科 海南 海口 570216)摘要 目的:观察右美托咪定联合芬太尼对心脏瓣膜置换术患者细胞免疫功能的影响及在心脑保护中的作用。方法:纳入海南医学院第二附属医院 2019 年 4 月 2021 年 6 月间接收的体外循环(CPB)下心脏瓣膜置换术患者 97 例,根据信封抽签法将患者分为对照组(芬太尼,48 例)和观察组(右美托咪定联合芬太尼,49 例)。对比两组血流动力学指标平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、心肌损伤指标肌钙蛋白(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、心型脂肪酸结合蛋白(HFABP)、脑损伤指标神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S-100、细胞免疫功能、镇痛情况及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组 CPB 开始后 10 min(T2)时间点 HR、MAP 低于对照组,CPB 结束(T3)、术毕(T4)时间点 HR、MAP 高于对照组(P0.05)。两组术前(T1)、术后 24 h、术后 48 h 视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分升高后降低(P0.05),观察组术后 24 h、术后 48 h VAS 评分低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后 48 h CD4+、CD4+/CD8+高于对照组,CD8+低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后 48 h cTnI、CK-MB、HFABP 低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组术后 48 h NSE、S100B 低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组的不良反应发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:心脏瓣膜置换术患者选用右美托咪定联合芬太尼麻醉方案,有助于减轻疼痛,稳定血流动力学,减轻免疫抑制,同时还可发挥心脑保护效果,降低不良反应发生率,是一种可靠的麻醉方案。关键词:右美托咪定;芬太尼;心脏瓣膜置换术;细胞免疫功能;心脑保护中图分类号:R542.5;R614文献标识码:A文章编号:1673-6273(2023)01-187-06Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Fentanyl on Cellular ImmuneFunction and Cardioprotective Effect Study in Patients Undergoing HeartValve Replacement*LI Xuan-fa1,TANG Jing-ying2,LI Rui-cheng3,JIN Shan3,ZHANG Yi-chuan3,WANG Mei-rong3(1 Department of Anesthesiology,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou,Hainan,570216,China;2 Department of Anesthesiology,Hainan Provincial Peoples Hospital,Haikou,Hainan,570311,China;3 Department of Cardiac Surgery,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou,Hainan,570216,China)ABSTRACT Objective:To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl on cellular immune function and cardio-protective effect in patients undergoing heart valve replacement.Methods:97 patients with heart valve replacement under cardiopul-monary bypass(CPB)received in our hospital from April 2019 to June 2021 were included.According to the envelope lottery method,the patients were divided into control group(fentanyl,48 cases)and observation group(dexmedetomidine combined with fentanyl,49cases).The hemodynamic indexes mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),myocardial injury indexes troponin(cTnI),creatinekinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),heart fatty acid binding protein(HFABP),brain injury indexes neuron specific enolase(NSE),S-100,cellular immune function,analgesia situation and incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results:The HR andMAP in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 10 min(T2)after the beginning of CPB,but higher thanthose in the control group at the end of CPB(T3)and the end of operation(T4)(P0.05).Visual analogue scale(VAS)scores in the twogroups increased and then decreased before operation(T1),24 h after operation and 48 h after operation(P0.05),and VAS scores in theobservation group were lowerthan those in the control group at 24 h after operation and 48 h after operation(P0.05).48 h after operation,CD4+and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,while CD8+was lower than that in the controlgroup(P0.05).The cTnI,CK-MB and HFABP in the observation group at 48 h after operation were lower than those in the control group(P0.05).NSE and S100B in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 48 h after operation(P0.05).The inci-dence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P0.05),均衡可比。如表 1 所示。本研究经海南医学院第二附属医院医学伦理委员会批准实施开展。表 1 两组患者的一般资料Table 1 General data of patients in the two groupsGeneral dataControl group(n=48)Observation group(n=49)x2/tPMale/female27/2129/200.0860.770Age(years)56.946.3757.427.04-0.3520.726ASA classification(grade/grade )26/2225/240.0960.756NYHA classification(grade/grade )27/2130/190.2480.619Body mass index(kg/m2)25.491.6725.131.521.1110.269Left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF,%)51.463.7251.893.50-0.5860.559Combined diseases(hypertension/diabetes/hyperlipidemia)8/6/49/5/50.2340.8891.2 方法所有患者术前均常规禁饮禁食,入室后开放静脉通路,立即行心电监护和面罩吸氧,同时常规监测平均动脉压(MAP)、心电图、心率(HR)、呼气末二氧化碳分压等。观察组在麻醉诱导前 10 min 静脉泵注右美托咪定国药准字 H20130093,规格:1 mL:100 g(按右美托咪定计),江苏恒瑞医药股份有限公司0.4 g/kg h,维持至手术结束。两组均给予以下麻醉药物进行诱导:依次静脉注射顺苯磺顺阿曲库铵国药准字 H20090202,规格:5 mg(以顺阿曲库铵计),浙江仙琚制药股份有限公司0.150.30 mg/kg、咪达唑仑注射液(国药准字 H10980025,规格:2 mL:10 mg,江苏恩华药业股份有限公司)0.020.05mg/kg、依托咪酯注射液(国药准字 H32022992,规格:10 mL:20 mg,江苏恩华药业股份有限公司)0.20.3 mg/kg、枸橼酸芬太尼注射液国药准字 H20123297,规格:2 mL:0.1 mg(以芬太尼计),国药集团工业有限公司廊坊分公司510 g/kg,6 min后在可视咽喉镜辅助下暴露声门,经口插入气管导管,成功后予以机械通气,调整氧流量为 1.2 L/min,吸入氧浓度为 50%80%,呼吸频率 1014 次/min,诱导成功后予以右颈内静脉穿刺术。麻醉维持:以丙泊酚乳状注射液(国药准字 H20163040,规格:10 mL:0.2 g,西安力邦制药有限公司)35 mg/(kg h)持续静脉恒速泵入,咪达唑仑 0.050.10 mg/(kg h)泵入,顺苯磺顺阿曲库铵 0.10.2 mg/(kg h)泵入,两组患者均予以芬太尼510 g/(kg h)恒速输注,维持 BIS 值为 4060。麻醉成功后行胸部正中切口,劈胸骨,暴露心脏,经中心静脉静注肝素 3188现代生物医学进展Progress in Modern Biomedicine Vol.23NO.1JAN.2023mg/kg,激活全血凝固时间480 s 时,行主动脉插管,上下腔静脉插管,建立 CPB。待主要手术步骤结束即行均匀复温。复温至36,遂开放升主动脉,循环稳定后停机,止血,关胸,待生命体征平稳后转入心外重症监护室。1.3 观察指标(1)血流动力学:观察患者术前(T1)、CPB 开始后 10 min(T2)、CPB 结束(T3)、术