中国严寒地区城市空间的气候...——以哈尔滨市中心城区为例_蒋存妍.pdf

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE FRONTIERS/PAPERS045Construction of Climate Adaptability Evaluation Indicator System for Urban Spaces in the Severe Cold Zones of ChinaA Case Study on the Central Area of Harbinhttps:/doi.org/10.15302/J-LAF-1-020062 *CORRESPONDING AUTHORAddress:Rm.111,66 West Dazhi Street,Nangang District,Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,ChinaEmail:JIANG Cunyan1,2,LENG Hong1,2,YUAN Qing1,2,*1 School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China2 Key Laboratory of National Territory and Spatial Planning and Ecological Restoration in Cold Regions,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,ChinaGRAPHICAL ABSTRACTRegional climate characteristicsTransportation systemConstructionsGreen and open spacesLand useAccommodationManaged retreatProtection and restorationSevere cold climateAccelerated climate changeUrban spatial elementsAffectArrangeAdaptClimate adaptation strategiesSpatial pattern of climate adaptability of the central area of HarbinProtection and restorationAccommodationManaged retreatImprovement of climate adaptability of urban spaces in the severe cold zones of ChinaHIGHLIGHTS Considers both climate change and regional climate contexts Adapts through protection and restoration,accommodation,and managed retreat Constructs climate adaptability evaluation indicator system for severe cold zones of China Evaluates climate adaptability of urban spaces in Harbin Proposes climate adaptation strategies for severe cold zones of ChinaRECEIVED DATE 2021-10-09KEYWORDS Severe Cold Zones;Urban Spaces;Climate Adaptability;Evaluation Indicator System;Adaptation Strategies046VOLUME 10/ISSUE 4/AUGUST 20221 IntroductionClimate change has lasting effects on the environment due to the inertia of climate system12.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)pointed out that climate adaptation measures are important in dealing with future climate change impacts13,particularly for urban areas4.At present,researchers worldwide have contributed to the studies on climate change adaptability,and countries such as Denmark,New Zealand,and Canada have proposed climate adaptation strategies or action frameworks for domestic major cities58.Defining and evaluating the climate adaptability of cities is the basis for the development of adaptive planning and decision-making9.In recent years,scholars in related fields have mainly carried out research on the evaluation of urban climate adaptability through two approaches.1)Evaluation of climate adaptation actions.Karianne de Bruin et al.conducted a quantitative assessment on the incremental costs and benefits of climate adaptation policies in the Netherlands10.Benjamin L.Preston et al.and Ingrid Baker et al.respectively developed and applied evaluation frameworks on 57 and 7 climate adaptation plans concerning public health and ecological environment1112.Both studies evaluated plan components such as information base and risk assessments.In two cases,Elisabeth M.Hamin et al.assessed whether the climate adaptation and mitigation policy goals of some cities conflict with each other in transportation,water resources,biodiversity,and energy utilization,and proposed suggestions for a synergic urban development13.2)Evaluation of the interactions between urban spatial elements and thermal climate factors.Brain Stone et al.studied the impact of urban form and land development density on urban heat island effect and extreme heat events1416.Claire L.Walsh applied an urban integrated assessment facility to simulate land use change,climate impact,and greenhouse gas emissions in London over the 21st century17.Based on the EPICEA project in Paris,Jean-Luc Salagnac assessed the increased albedo of urban building surface,enlarged green area,and other climate adaptation strategies on urban heat balance18.To sum up,the first approach mostly assesses the economic and ecological benefits of government-led adaptation actions19,which has become mainstreaming in climate adaptation planning at home and abroad20.The second mainly measures whether and how urban spatial elements can adapt to the increasing climate changes.However,little research systematically evaluates climate adaptability from the perspective of urban spaces or establishes climate adaptability evaluation systems for urban spaces1921.EDITED BY ZHOU Jiayi,Tina TIANTRANSLATED BY ZHOU Jiayi,JIANG Cunyan,Tina TIANABSTRACT Climate adaptation research should consider both climate change and regional climate contexts.Research evaluating the regional climate adaptability of urban spaces helps identify weaknesses of climate resilience in spatial planning.This paper constructs a climate adaptation evaluation indicator system for cities in the severe cold zones of China,and evaluates the temporal-spatial changes of climate adaptability in the central area of Harbin.The evaluation outcome reveals that the overall climate adaptability of the study area generally improved from 2008 to 2017 despite staying at a relatively lower level.There