陕北矿区典型河流多环芳烃的...存特征、来源及毒性风险分析_吴喜军.pdf

Eco-EnvironmentalKnowledge Web环 境 科 学Environmental Science第44卷第4期 2023年4月Vol44，No4 Apr，2023陕北矿区典型河流多环芳烃的赋存特征、来源及毒性风险分析吴喜军1，2，董颖1*，赵健3*，刘静1，张亚宁1(1 榆林学院建筑工程学院，榆林719000;2 西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，西安710048;3 中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室，北京100012)摘要:为研究陕北矿区内典型河流窟野河水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)的赋存水平、空间分布、来源和生态风险，采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器串联荧光检测器法，对研究区水体中59 个采样点的16 种 PAHs 进行了定量检测分析 结果表明，窟野河水体中()PAHs范围为50.06 278.16 ng L1，平均值为 128.22 ng L1;单体浓度范围为 0 121.22 ng L1，其中的检出浓度最高，平均值为 36.58 ng L1，其次是苯并 a蒽和菲;各单体检出率均在 70%以上，12 种单体的检出率为 100%;59 个采样点中4 环 PAHs 的相对丰度较大，占比范围为38.59%70.85%;各采样点间浓度差异显著，浓度高值点主要集中在矿业活动工业区和人口密集区;与国内外其它河流相比，窟野河水体中 PAHs 浓度处于中等水平 运用正定矩阵因子分解法(PMF)，结合特征比值法，对 PAHs 的来源种类与来源贡献进行了定量分析，表明窟野河中上游工业区水体中 PAHs 主要来源于焦化和石油类物质排放(34.67%)、煤炭燃烧(30.62%)、薪材燃烧(18.11%)和车辆排放(16.60%);下游居民区主要来源于煤炭燃烧(64.93%)、薪材燃烧(26.20%)和车辆排放(8.86%);并明晰了不同污染源的主要影响区域 生态风险评估结果显示，萘的风险较低，苯并 a 蒽存在高风险，其余单体处于中等风险;59 个采样点中仅有 12 个采样点属于低生态风险区，其余为中等偏高风险等级，且柠条塔工业园区周边水体已临近高生态风险，需尽快采取防控措施关键词:陕北矿区;多环芳烃(PAHs);赋存特征;来源解析;PMF 模型;生态风险中图分类号:X522文献标识码:A文章编号:0250-3301(2023)04-2040-12DOI:1013227/j hjkx202205293收稿日期:2022-05-27;修订日期:2022-07-13基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51969031，52169006);陕西省科技创新团队项目(2022TD-08);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2020SF-412，2021SF-442);榆林高新区科技计划项目(CXY-2021-11，CXY-2021-19);西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室开放基金项目(2019KFKT-13);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(22JS045);榆林市“科学家+工程师”队伍项目(YLKG-2022-10)作者简介:吴喜军(1979 )，男，博士，教授，主要研究方向为水资源保护与水污染控制，E-mail:wxj0826163 com*通信作者，E-mail:dying1010163 com;zhaojian craes org cnOccurrence Characteristics，Sources，and Toxicity isk Analysis of PolycyclicAromatic Hydrocarbons in Typical ivers of Northern Shaanxi Mining Area，ChinaWU Xi-jun1，2，DONG Ying1*，ZHAO Jian3*，LIU Jing1，ZHANG Ya-ning1(1 School of Civil Engineering，Yulin University，Yulin 719000，China;2 State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid egion of China，Xian University ofTechnology，Xian 710048，China;3 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and isk Assessment，Chinese esearch Academy of Environmental Sciences，Beijing100012，China)Abstract:The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence level，spatial distribution，pollution source，and ecological risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)inthe Kuye iver of the northern Shaanxi mining area In total，16 priority PAHs were quantitatively detected at 59 sampling sites using a high-performance liquidchromatography-diode array detector in series with a fluorescence detector The results showed that the()PAHsin the Kuye iver ranged from 50.06 to 278.16ng L1，with an average value of 128.22 ng L1 The PAHs monomer concentrations ranged from 0 to 121.22 ng L1，of which Chrysene had the highest concentration，with average values of 36.58 ng L1，respectively，followed by benzo(a)anthracene and phenanthrene The detection rate of each monomer was more than 70%，of which 12monomers revealed detection rates of 100%In addition，the 4-ring PAHs showed the highest relative abundance in the 59 samples，ranging from 38.59%to 70.85%ThePAHs concentrations revealed significant spatial variation in the Kuye iver Moreover，the highest PAHs concentrations were mainly observed in coal mining，industrial，anddensely populated areas Compared with those in other rivers in China and worldwide，the PAHs concentrations in the Kuye iver showed a medium pollution level On theother hand，the positive definite matrix factorization(PMF)and diagnostic ratios were used to quantitatively assess the source apportionment of PAHs in the Kuye iver Theresults showed that coking and petroleum emissions，coal combustion，fuel-wood combustion，and automobile exhaust emissions contributed to the PAHs concentrations in theindustrial areas of the upper reach by 34.67%，30.62%，18.11%，and 16.60%，and coal combustion，fuel-wood combustion，and automobile exhaust emissions contributedin the downstream residential areas by 64.93%，26.20%，and 8.86%In addition，the results of the ecological risk assessment showed low ecological risks of naphthaleneand high ecological risks of benzo(a)anthracene，respectively，whereas the remaining monomers revealed medium ecological risk Among the 59 sampling sites，only 12belonged to low ecological risk areas，whereas the remaining sampling sites were at medium to high ecological risks Moreover，the water area near the Ningtiaota IndustrialPark showed a risk value close to the high ecological risk threshold Therefore，it is urgent to formulate prevention and control measures in the study regionKey words:northern Shaanxi mining area;polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs);occurrence characteristics;source apportionment;PMF model;ecological risk4 期吴喜军等:陕北矿区典型河流多环芳烃的赋存特征、来源及毒性风险分析多 环 芳 烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs)对环境和人类具有潜在的毒性、诱变性和致癌性1 4，且具有半挥发性和持续降解的特点，同时可远距离迁移，在空气、地表水、沉积物、土壤和生物群等环境中普遍存在5 7，近年来受到越来越多的关注 国内外学者对环境中的 PAHs 进行了研究，指出自然环境中的 PAHs 主要来源于工业生产、农业废物、汽车尾气、煤炭燃烧和石化产品排放等人为活动，并最终通过大气干湿沉降、工业废水排放和地表径流等方式进入周围环境介质中8，9，尤其是地表水体中 美国环境保护署和加拿大环境部长理事会都对水环境中 PAHs 的最大阈值浓度做了规定10 近些年，中国总能源消耗呈现跳跃式增长，煤炭的开采和使用量增加显著，对应的 PAHs 排放量也呈现快速增长 因此，在煤炭开采区和能源化工区，监测和分析 PAHs 的污染水平是非常必要的榆林地区是我国重要的煤炭生产基地和国家级能源化工基地，位于黄土高原和毛乌素沙漠接壤地带，为典型的半干旱内陆气候区，水资源贫乏11 境内主要河流 窟野河