桑叶提取物对AA肉鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理_曹满湖.pdf

湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2023，49(3)：344351DOI：10.13331/ki.jhau.2023.03.013Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)引用格式：曹满湖，金睿，温建崇，黄泰来，秦林桑叶提取物对 AA 肉鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理J湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，49(3)：344351CAO M H，JIN R，WEN J C，HUANG T L，QIN LEffect of mulberry leaf extract on the meat quality of AAbroilers and its mechanismJ Journal of HunanAgricultural University(Natural Sciences)，2023，49(3)：344351投稿网址：http:/桑叶提取物对 AA 肉鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理曹满湖，金睿，温建崇，黄泰来，秦林(湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院，湖南 长沙 410128)摘要：选用 1 日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡 192 羽，随机均分为 4 组，分别为饲喂基础饲粮的对照组和分别饲喂添加400、800、1200 mg/kg 的桑叶提取物的饲粮的 3 个试验组，分别于 121 日龄和 2242 日龄 2 个阶段测定 AA 肉鸡的成长性能、血清抗氧化指标、与脂肪代谢相关的生理生化指标及肉鸡肌肉的肉色、pH 值、滴水损失率、粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸组成等，探究桑叶提取物对 AA 肉鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理。结果表明：与对照相比，饲粮添加桑叶提取物对 AA 肉鸡的日采食量、料重比、平均日增体质量、体质量、肌肉 pH 均无显著影响，可极显著或显著降低 42 日龄肉鸡的胸肌粗脂肪含量和饱和脂肪酸总量的占比及腿肌粗脂肪含量，显著或极显著提高 42日龄肉鸡胸肌的二十碳二烯酸、二十碳三烯酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、多不饱和脂肪酸总量的占比及21 日龄肉鸡血清的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性；饲粮添加 800 mg/kg 桑叶提取物还可显著或极显著降低 42 日龄肉鸡胸肌的 24 h 滴水损失率和二十四碳酸占比及 21 日龄肉鸡腿肌、胸肌的粗脂肪含量与血清中的总胆固醇(TC)浓度，极显著提高 42 日龄肉鸡腿肌的红度和胸肌的棕榈油酸占比及血清的 CAT 活性；饲粮添加 1200 mg/kg 桑叶提取物还可显著或极显著降低 21 日龄肉鸡腿肌和 42 日龄时胸肌的 24 h 滴水损失率，21 日龄肉鸡的胸肌和腿肌的粗脂肪含量与血清的 MDA 含量及 42 日龄肉鸡胸肌的棕榈酸和二十四碳酸占比与血清的 TC 浓度，显著或极显著提高 21 日龄肉鸡血清的 TAOC，42 日龄肉鸡腿肌的红度与胸肌的黄度、棕榈油酸、油酸和单不饱和脂肪酸总量的占比及血清的 CAT 活性和 HDLC 浓度。可见，从降低脂肪含量和改善肉品质方面来看，桑叶提取物添加剂量以不低于 800 mg/kg 为宜。关键词：肉鸡；桑叶提取物；生长性能；肉品质；抗氧化指标；生理生化指标中图分类号：S831.925文献标志码：A文章编号：1007-1032(2023)03-0344-08Effect of mulberry leaf extract on the meat quality ofAAbroilersand its mechanismCAO Manhu，JIN Rui，WEN Jianchong，HUANG Tailai，QIN Lin(College ofAnimal Science and Technology,HunanAgricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)Abstract:In this study,192 one-day-old Aiba Yijia(AA)broilers were randomly and equally divided into four groupsincluding a control group fed with basic diet and three experimental groups fed with a diet supplemented with 400,800and 1200 mg/kg mulberry leaf extract.At the two stages of 1-21-days-old and 22-42-days-old,the growth performance,serum antioxidant indexes,physiological and biochemical indexes related to fat metabolism,meat color,pH value,driploss rate,crude fat content and fatty acid composition of AA broilers were measured respectively to investigate the effectof mulberry leaf extract on the meat quality of AA Broilers and its mechanism how the extract affect the meat quality.The results showed that compared with the control,the leaf extract treatments had no significant effect on the daily feed收稿日期：20220822修回日期：20230606基金项目：湖南省自然科学基金项目(2021JJ30311)作者简介：曹满湖(1974)，女，湖南资兴人，博士，副教授，主要从事矿物质营养研究，第 49 卷第 3 期曹满湖等桑叶提取物对 AA 肉鸡肉品质的影响及其作用机理345intake,feed to weight ratio,average daily gain,body weight and muscle pH of AA broilers;while could extremelysignificantly or significantly reduce the crude fat content and the proportion of total saturated fatty acids of breast muscle,and the crude fat content of leg muscle of 42-days-old broilers;and significantly or extremely significantly increase theproportions of eicosadienoic acid,eicosatrienoic acid,eicosatetraenoic acid,docosahexaenoic acid,total polyunsaturatedfatty acids of breast muscle of 42-days-old broilers and the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-PX)andcatalase(CAT)in serum of 21-days-old broilers.The diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg mulberry leaf extract couldsignificantly or extremely significantly reduce the 24-hour drip loss rate and the proportion of 24-carbonic acid in thebreast muscle of 42-days-old broilers,and the crude fat content in the leg muscle and breast muscle and the totalcholesterol(TC)concentration in the serum of 21-days-old broilers;and extremely significantly improve the redness ofthe leg muscle,the proportion of palmitoleic acid in the breast muscle and the CAT activity in the serum of 42-days-oldbroilers.The diet supplemented with 1200 mg/kg mulberry leaf extract could also significantly or extremely significantlyreduce the 24-hour drip loss rate of the leg muscle of 21-days-old broilers and the breast muscle of 42-days-old broilers,the crude fat contents of breast and leg muscle and the serum MDA content of 21-days-old broilers,as well as theproportions of palmitic acid and 24-carbonic acid of the breast muscle and the serum TC concentration of 42-days-oldbroilers;significantly or extremely significantly improve the serum T-AOC of 21-days-old broilers,and the redness of legmuscle and the yellowness and the proportions of palmitoleic acid,oleic acid and total monounsaturated fatty acid ofbreast muscle,and the serum CAT activity and HDL-C concentration of 42-days-old broilers.Taken together,by usingthe way,reducing the fat to improve meat quality,it was favor of adding mulberry leaf extract at a dosage of no less than 800mg/kg.Keywords:broilers;mulberry leaf extract;growth performance;meat quality;antioxidant indexes;physiological andbiochemical indexes桑树是中国种植广泛且具有药用和食用价值的植物。为了高效利用桑树资源，把桑叶中的功能性物质提取出来，制成一定纯度的桑叶提取物是拓展其功用的重要途径1。桑叶提取物含有多糖、黄酮和生物碱等活性物质，具有降血糖2、降血脂34等功效。李瑞雪等5的研究表明，桑叶粉极显著降低了皖西白鹅的腹脂率。兰翠英等6的研究表明，饲粮中添加 5%、8%、10%的桑叶粉可降低肉鸡腹脂率，其中添加 5%桑叶粉